Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on root morphology, physiological characteristics and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00081

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutritional elements required by plants. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of P fertilizer on root morphology, physiological characteristics and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea).
Methods Pool experiments were conducted to elucidate the influence of phosphorus application on peanut. The root system under different phosphorus levels (P-level) was analyzed using a WinRHIZO system to quantify root volume and morphology. The following parameters were determined for all treatments: root activity, catalase (CAT) activity, concentration of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA). Yield was recorded during the harvest period and analyzed using SPSS 13.0.
Important findings During the pod-filling stage, the length, volume, surface area and tip numbers of root increased with increasing P-level. When P₂O₅ was applied at 30-90 kg·hm^-2, the above parameters increased by 3.5%-20.7%, 9.3%-21.9%, 9.7%-20.3% and 12.6%-21.4%, respectively, compared to the control (no P treatment) group. P-levels could affect enzyme activities. In P treatment group, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and CAT was increased by 12.7%-20.6%, 14.8%-36.8% and 17.0%-41.8%, respectively. Some other parameters could be influenced by P availability, including increased root activity, soluble protein content nodule number and fresh nodule weight. In contrast, MDA content was decreased by 8.4%-19.5% after the P treatment. In the harvesting stage, all parameters decreased with increasing P-level, except the MDA content. But for most parameters, there were no statistically significant differences among treatments. The number of pods per plant, shelling percentage, economic coefficient and biological yield were enhanced with increasing P-level.

Key words: peanut, phosphorus fertilizer, physiological characteristics, root morphology, yield

ZHENG Ya-Ping,XIN Cai-Yun,WANG Cai-Bin,SUN Xiu-Shan,YANG Wei-Qiang,WAN Shu-Bo,ZHENG Yong-Mei,FENG Hao,CHEN Dian-Xu,SUN Xue-Wu,WU Zheng-Feng. Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on root morphology, physiological characteristics and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(8): 777-785.

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Figures/Tables 5

References 38

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肥料 Fertilizer	处理 Treatment
肥料 Fertilizer	P1	P2	P3	P4
KH₂PO₄	0	17.4	34.7	45.5
(NH4)₂HPO₄	0	0	0	6.5
K₂SO₄	21.8	13.5	5.1	0
CO(NH₂)₂	25.7	25.7	25.7	22.7

肥料 Fertilizer	处理 Treatment
肥料 Fertilizer	P1	P2	P3	P4
KH₂PO₄	0	17.4	34.7	45.5
(NH4)₂HPO₄	0	0	0	6.5
K₂SO₄	21.8	13.5	5.1	0
CO(NH₂)₂	25.7	25.7	25.7	22.7

处理 Treatment	单株结果数 Pod number per plant	单株生物产量 Bioligical yield per plant (g)	经济系数 Economic coefficient	出米率 Shelling percentage (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
P1	9.8^b	30.0^b	0.49^b	64.3^c	3 643.0^b
P2	10.5^ab	31.6^ab	0.52^ab	68.0^b	3 947.2^b
P3	11.5^ab	33.0^ab	0.55^a	70.7^ab	4 174.1^a
P4	12.1^a	35.4^a	0.56^a	71.5^a	4 244.5^a

处理 Treatment	单株结果数 Pod number per plant	单株生物产量 Bioligical yield per plant (g)	经济系数 Economic coefficient	出米率 Shelling percentage (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
P1	9.8^b	30.0^b	0.49^b	64.3^c	3 643.0^b
P2	10.5^ab	31.6^ab	0.52^ab	68.0^b	3 947.2^b
P3	11.5^ab	33.0^ab	0.55^a	70.7^ab	4 174.1^a
P4	12.1^a	35.4^a	0.56^a	71.5^a	4 244.5^a

性状(每株) Item (per plant)	根长(D)范围 Root length range (mm)	结荚中期 Middle of pod filling stage				收获期 Harvest stage
性状(每株) Item (per plant)	根长(D)范围 Root length range (mm)	P1	P2	P3	P4	P1	P2	P3	P4
根系长度 Length of root (cm)	0 < D≤1	1 831.8^b	1 879.9^b	2 203.5^a	2 184.6^a	1 627.0^a	1 342.1^bc	1 415.8^b	1 241.8^c
	1 < D≤3	191.8^c	210.5^b	234.5^a	245.3^a	164.7^a	167.4^a	156.9^a	147.1^a
	D > 3	9.5^c	13.8^b	16.1^ab	17.2^a	8.2^a	10.3^a	9.7^a	10.7^a
	总和 Sum	2 033.1^b	2 104.1^b	2 454.1^a	2 447.0^a	1 799.9^a	1 519.8^bc	1 582.3^b	1 399.5^c
根系体积 Volume of root (cm³)	0 < D≤1	2.2^a	2.4^a	2.6^a	2.6^a	2.0^a	1.7^ab	1.6^ab	1.6^b
	1 < D≤3	3.8^c	4.2^b	4.3^b	4.7^a	3.2^a	3.2^a	3.0^a	3.0^a
	D > 3	2.2^c	2.4^bc	2.6^ab	2.8^a	1.4^a	1.4^a	1.5^a	1.4^a
	总和 Sum	8.3^c	9.1^bc	9.5^ab	10.1^a	6.6^a	6.2^a	6.0^a	5.9^a
根系表面积 Surface area of root (cm²)	0 < D≤1	187.9^b	207.6^ab	219.7^a	224.2^a	163.3^a	144.9^ab	147.4^ab	133.4^b
	1 < D≤3	85.9^a	91.6^a	91.0^a	97.1^a	80.4^a	65.1^ab	63.3^b	60.3^b
	D > 3	13.4^bc	15.8^b	19.1^b	24.3^a	11.3^b	12.0^ab	11.7^ab	14.4^a
	总和 Sum	287.2^c	315.0^b	329.8^ab	345.5^a	254.9^a	222.0^b	219.4^b	211.0^b
根尖数量 Tip numbers of root per plant	0 < D≤1	2 798.1^b	3 153.0^a	3 176.5^a	3 399.9^a	2 604.8^a	2 590.0^a	2 294.5^a	2 295.5^a
	1 < D≤3	56.0^b	60.0^ab	64.4^ab	65.4^a	29.2^a	23.4^a	21.0^a	14.3^a
	D > 3	3.5a^b	3.4^b	5.0^a	5.0^a	1.5^a	1.6^a	1.4^a	0.8^a
	总和 Sum	2 857.5^b	3 216.4^a	3 245.9^a	3 470.3^a	2 666.3^a	2 627.3^a	2 339.3^a	2 326.0^a
单株根瘤数 Nodules number per plant		76.8^b	85.0^ab	93.5^a	90.0^ab	41.3^a	37.8^ab	30.5^ab	27.0^b
根瘤鲜重 Fresh weight of nodule per plant (g)		0.748^b	0.917^ab	1.042^a	1.014^a	0.240^a	0.283^a	0.243^a	0.221^a