Phenotypic variations in populations of Phoebe chekiangensis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Phoebe chekiangensis is a rare and protected species in China. Our objectives were to determine the phenotypic variations of leaves and seeds in P. chekiangensis populations and the relationship between phenotypic variation and distribution of populations.

Methods Field investigations and examinations of the natural distribution of P. chekiangensis led to our selection of five leaf characteristics and five seed characteristics as phenotypic traits from nine populations. We studied morphological variations among and within populations based on analysis of the 10 phenotypic traits. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multi-comparison and correlation analysis were used to analyze the resulting data.

Important finding Analysis of nested variance on leaf and seed traits revealed significant differences among and within populations. The variation was greater within populations (21.74%) than among populations (18.45%). Mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 41.43% among populations, indicating that the variance within population is the main source of the phenotypic variation of the species. The variation in coefficient of variance (CV) among 10 traits ranged 6.50%-19.38%, with an average of 12.78%. The CV of leaf traits (16.99%) among populations was higher than that of seed traits (8.58%), implying higher stability of seed traits than the leaf traits. There were significant or highly significant correlations of leaf width and leaf area with other leaf traits. The thousand seeds weight was significantly correlated with seed width and seed volume, but no significant correlations were found between seed and leaf traits. Seed width, seed volume and thousand seeds weight decreased with increasing altitude. The seed volume also appeared to be under control of latitude, showing a tendency of increase with latitude.

Key words: correlation analysis, leaf traits, phenotypic differentiation, phenotypic variation, Phoebe chekiangensis, seed characteristics

LI Yin-Gang, LIU Xin-Hong, MA Jun-Wei, SHI Cong-Guang, ZHU Guang-Quan. Phenotypic variations in populations of Phoebe chekiangensis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(12): 1315-1324.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I12/1315

Figures/Tables 7

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采样点 Sampling site	种群类型 Population type	取样株树 No. of individuals sampled	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	1月平均气温 MAT in Jan. (℃)	7月平均气温 MAT in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)	年降水量 AP (mm)
杭州西湖 Xihu Lake, Hangzhou (XH)	野生种群 Wild population	30	120.06°	30.12°	135	17.8	4.7	30.6	243	1 454.0
宁波鄞州 Yinzhou, Ningbo (YZ)	野生种群 Wild population	8	121.47°	29.47°	280	16.2	4.2	28.0	238	1 532.0
临安 Lin’an (LA)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	7	119.26°	30.19°	355	15.6	3.2	27.6	235	1 426.4
泰顺 Taishun (TS)	野生种群 Wild population	8	119.45°	27.22°	556	16.1	5.7	27.5	242	1 980.6
开化齐溪 Qixi, Kaihua (QX)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	9	118.22°	29.23°	371	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
开化华埠 Huabu, Kaihua (HB)	野生种群 Wild population	8	118.16°	29.01°	152	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
庆元 Qingyuan (QY)	野生种群 Wild population	7	118.55°	27.44°	366	17.4	6.7	27.0	245	1 760.0
江山 Jiangshan (JS)	野生种群 Wild population	11	118.39°	28.50°	173	17.0	5.8	30.1	249	1 813.7
婺源 Wuyuan (WY)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	16	117.50°	29.12°	78	16.7	4.5	28.0	252	1 821.0

采样点 Sampling site	种群类型 Population type	取样株树 No. of individuals sampled	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	1月平均气温 MAT in Jan. (℃)	7月平均气温 MAT in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)	年降水量 AP (mm)
杭州西湖 Xihu Lake, Hangzhou (XH)	野生种群 Wild population	30	120.06°	30.12°	135	17.8	4.7	30.6	243	1 454.0
宁波鄞州 Yinzhou, Ningbo (YZ)	野生种群 Wild population	8	121.47°	29.47°	280	16.2	4.2	28.0	238	1 532.0
临安 Lin’an (LA)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	7	119.26°	30.19°	355	15.6	3.2	27.6	235	1 426.4
泰顺 Taishun (TS)	野生种群 Wild population	8	119.45°	27.22°	556	16.1	5.7	27.5	242	1 980.6
开化齐溪 Qixi, Kaihua (QX)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	9	118.22°	29.23°	371	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
开化华埠 Huabu, Kaihua (HB)	野生种群 Wild population	8	118.16°	29.01°	152	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
庆元 Qingyuan (QY)	野生种群 Wild population	7	118.55°	27.44°	366	17.4	6.7	27.0	245	1 760.0
江山 Jiangshan (JS)	野生种群 Wild population	11	118.39°	28.50°	173	17.0	5.8	30.1	249	1 813.7
婺源 Wuyuan (WY)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	16	117.50°	29.12°	78	16.7	4.5	28.0	252	1 821.0

性状 Trait	均方(自由度) Mean square (df)			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
叶长 LL (cm)	85.90 (8)	33.56 (95)	3.38	25.39^**	9.92^**
叶宽 LW (cm)	17.21 (8)	5.91 (95)	0.55	30.95^**	10.63^**
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	7.46 (8)	1.95 (95)	0.18	40.91^**	10.73^**
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	8.47 (8)	1.49 (95)	0.11	71.92^**	12.67^**
叶面积 LA (cm²)	1 555.80 (8)	807.01 (95)	89.42	17.40^**	9.02^**
种子长 SL (mm)	16.98 (8)	4.61 (95)	0.47	35.69^**	9.69^**
种子宽 SW (mm)	13.95 (8)	1.44 (95)	0.22	62.46^**	6.48^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	2.55 (8)	0.02 (95)	0.01	86.01^**	1.81^**
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.010 6 (8)	0.001 6 (95)	0.000 2	39.25^**	6.19^**
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	126.97 (8)	17.84 (95)	1.71	73.95^**	10.39^**

性状 Trait	均方(自由度) Mean square (df)			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
叶长 LL (cm)	85.90 (8)	33.56 (95)	3.38	25.39^**	9.92^**
叶宽 LW (cm)	17.21 (8)	5.91 (95)	0.55	30.95^**	10.63^**
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	7.46 (8)	1.95 (95)	0.18	40.91^**	10.73^**
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	8.47 (8)	1.49 (95)	0.11	71.92^**	12.67^**
叶面积 LA (cm²)	1 555.80 (8)	807.01 (95)	89.42	17.40^**	9.02^**
种子长 SL (mm)	16.98 (8)	4.61 (95)	0.47	35.69^**	9.69^**
种子宽 SW (mm)	13.95 (8)	1.44 (95)	0.22	62.46^**	6.48^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	2.55 (8)	0.02 (95)	0.01	86.01^**	1.81^**
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.010 6 (8)	0.001 6 (95)	0.000 2	39.25^**	6.19^**
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	126.97 (8)	17.84 (95)	1.71	73.95^**	10.39^**

性状 Trait	种群 Population
性状 Trait	XH	JS	WY	YZ	QX	HB	QY	TS	LA
叶长 LL (cm)	12.67 ± 2.01^bcd	10.77 ± 1.94^e	11.13 ± 2.41^e	13.39 ± 2.40^a	13.10 ± 1.89^ab	12.82 ± 2.12^bcd	12.50 ± 2.34^cd	12.93 ± 1.60^abc	12.37 ± 1.85^d
叶宽 LW (cm)	4.66 ± 0.86^b	4.12 ± 0.81^cd	4.30 ± 0.96^c	4.84 ± 1.29^ab	4.75 ± 0.78^b	4.27 ± 0.80^c	4.86 ± 0.78^ab	3.93 ± 0.55^d	4.96 ± 0.66^a
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	2.88 ± 0.49^b	2.72 ± 0.50^cd	2.76 ± 0.60^bcd	2.86 ± 0.42^b	2.82 ± 0.54^bc	2.64 ± 0.43^d	2.68 ± 0.52^d	2.29 ± 0.29^e	3.17 ± 0.66^a
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	2.76 ± 0.35^c	2.62 ± 0.23^d	2.62 ± 0.43^d	2.84 ± 0.42^c	2.80 ± 0.21^c	3.03 ± 0.43^b	2.59 ± 0.44^de	3.30 ± 0.24^a	2.49 ± 0.31^e
叶面积 LA (cm²)	37.57 ± 10.48^bc	30.80 ± 10.56^d	32.18 ± 12.45^d	37.36 ± 11.45^bc	37.81 ± 9.44^b	35.22 ± 10.83^c	36.71 ± 10.90^bc	30.59 ± 6.98^d	40.39 ± 9.95^a
种子长 SL (mm)	10.93 ± 0.84^bc	9.85 ± 0.48^f	10.63 ± 1.17^de	11.30 ± 0.66^a	11.09 ± 0.76^ab	10.49 ± 0.71e	10.76 ± 0.44^cd	10.41 ± 0.53^e	10.61 ± 0.63^de
种子宽 SW (mm)	6.03 ± 0.52^cd	6.33 ± 0.38^b	6.53 ± 0.65^a	6.14 ± 0.59^c	5.37 ± 0.44^f	6.03 ± 0.57^cd	5.62 ± 0.47^e	5.89 ± 0.39^d	6.10 ± 0.43^c
种子长宽比 SL/SW	1.81 ± 0.09^d	1.55 ± 0.07^g	1.62 ± 0.09^f	1.86 ± 0.26^c	2.06 ± 0.12^a	1.74 ± 0.11^e	1.92 ± 0.13^b	1.77 ± 0.11^e	1.74 ± 0.10^e
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.22 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.01^c	0.26 ± 0.06^a	0.21 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.01^c	0.22 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.02^d	0.21 ± 0.01^b
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	21.71 ± 2.51^bc	21.44 ± 1.00^bc	29.54 ± 6.75^a	21.83 ± 2.74^bc	19.68 ± 2.11^cde	22.42 ± 2.36^b	18.03 ± 1.61^de	17.74 ± 1.44^e	20.28 ± 1.62^bcd