Phenotypic variation in populations of Solanum rostratum in different distribution areas in China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00034

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The invasive alien plant Solanum rostratum has different phenotypes in different distribution areas in China. Our objectives were to determine the reason for the phenotype variation and to find typical traits of the phenotype variation.
Methods Seeds of S. rostratum collected from nine areas of distribution in China were sowed in a common garden. We investigated 10 phenotypic traits and used one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis and correlation analysis to analyze results.
Important findings Inter-population variation was significant in all morphological characters (p < 0.01), indicating that the phenotypic variation had a genetic foundation. The coefficient of variation of reproductive organs (CV = 18.2%) was higher than that of vegetative organs (CV = 9%). Analysis of CV and the principal component analysis of phenotypic traits both indicated that the traits of radius, corolla diameter, internode space and plant height were the main factors accounting for the phenotypic variations. According to UPGMA cluster analysis, the nine populations could be divided into three groups. These cluster results were not due to geographic distances. Altitude had greater influence on phenotypic traits than longitude and latitude.

Key words: common garden experiment, invasive alien plant, phenotypic variation, principal component analysis, Solanum rostratum

CHEN Tian-Yi, LIU Zeng-Hui, LOU An-Ru. Phenotypic variation in populations of Solanum rostratum in different distribution areas in China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(4): 344-353.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00034

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I4/344

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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种群 Population	生境 Habitat	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Elevation (m)	种群密度 Population density (Ind.·m^-2)
新疆昌吉 (XJCJ)	沙地 Sand	87°09′50.0′′	43°52′35.8′′	790	1.67
山西阳高 (SXYG)	公路旁 Road side	113°58′14.2′′	40°26′1.8′′	1 048	5.00
张家口南 (ZJKNZ)	铁道旁 Railroad side	114°52′1.5′′	40°45′18.1′′	711	0.30
张家口纬三路 (ZJKWSL)	公路旁 Road side	114°55′16.8′′	40°45′38.1′′	729	0.63
张家口沙岭子 (ZJKSLZ)	荒地 Wasteland	114°55′47.7′′	40°39′57.5′′	650	0.40
北京通州 (BJTZ)	河道旁 Channel side	116°43′49.9′′	39°45′12.2′′	17	2.78
北京密云 (BJMY)	公园 Park	116°50′48.0′′	40°23′4.0′′	85	0.67
辽宁朝阳 (LNCY)	河道旁 Channel side	120°18′58.4′′	41°27′28.4′′	190	0.20
吉林白城 (JLBC)	铁道旁 Railroad side	122°50′11.3′′	45°35′23.4′′	154	0.25

种群 Population	生境 Habitat	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Elevation (m)	种群密度 Population density (Ind.·m^-2)
新疆昌吉 (XJCJ)	沙地 Sand	87°09′50.0′′	43°52′35.8′′	790	1.67
山西阳高 (SXYG)	公路旁 Road side	113°58′14.2′′	40°26′1.8′′	1 048	5.00
张家口南 (ZJKNZ)	铁道旁 Railroad side	114°52′1.5′′	40°45′18.1′′	711	0.30
张家口纬三路 (ZJKWSL)	公路旁 Road side	114°55′16.8′′	40°45′38.1′′	729	0.63
张家口沙岭子 (ZJKSLZ)	荒地 Wasteland	114°55′47.7′′	40°39′57.5′′	650	0.40
北京通州 (BJTZ)	河道旁 Channel side	116°43′49.9′′	39°45′12.2′′	17	2.78
北京密云 (BJMY)	公园 Park	116°50′48.0′′	40°23′4.0′′	85	0.67
辽宁朝阳 (LNCY)	河道旁 Channel side	120°18′58.4′′	41°27′28.4′′	190	0.20
吉林白城 (JLBC)	铁道旁 Railroad side	122°50′11.3′′	45°35′23.4′′	154	0.25

种群 Population	出苗时间 Emergence time	长出第一片真叶时间 Time to have the first true leaf	营养生长时间 Days of vegetative growth (d)	进入花期时间 Time to blossom
JLBC	9th	14th	53	62nd
LNCY	12th	15th	47	59th
XJCJ	8th	14th	47	55th
ZJKSLZ	9th	15th	51	60th
SXYG	8th	14th	45	53rd
ZJKWSL	8th	14th	49	57th
BJMY	8th	14th	49	57th
ZJKNZ	8th	13th	50	58th
BJTZ	7th	13th	48	55th

种群 Population	出苗时间 Emergence time	长出第一片真叶时间 Time to have the first true leaf	营养生长时间 Days of vegetative growth (d)	进入花期时间 Time to blossom
JLBC	9th	14th	53	62nd
LNCY	12th	15th	47	59th
XJCJ	8th	14th	47	55th
ZJKSLZ	9th	15th	51	60th
SXYG	8th	14th	45	53rd
ZJKWSL	8th	14th	49	57th
BJMY	8th	14th	49	57th
ZJKNZ	8th	13th	50	58th
BJTZ	7th	13th	48	55th

种群 Population	株高 PH (mm)	冠幅 R (mm)	叶长 LL (mm)	叶宽 LW (mm)	节间距 IS (mm)	花冠直径 CD (mm)	萼片长 S-L (mm)	大雄蕊花药长 LSAL (mm)	小雄蕊花药长 SSAL (mm)	花柱长 SL (mm)
JLBC	153.83 ± 5.35	119.62 ± 3.37	46.82 ± 1.17	38.85 ± 1.08	13.57 ± 0.61	24.06 ± 0.37	6.28 ± 0.16	8.80 ± 0.11	6.43 ± 0.14	10.90 ± 0.18
LNCY	161.75 ± 8.90	127.75 ± 5.08	53.67 ± 1.71	43.58 ± 1.23	18.16 ± 1.05	25.33 ± 0.45	7.09 ± 0.20	9.58 ± 0.11	6.70 ± 0.10	12.87 ± 0.22
XJCJ	180.07 ± 6.01	126.73 ± 2.68	51.66 ± 1.19	38.72 ± 0.89	18.02 ± 0.70	23.27 ± 0.22	6.23 ± 0.13	9.11 ± 0.10	7.09 ± 0.07	11.68 ± 01.3
ZJKSLZ	133.75 ± 10.06	112.01 ± 6.72	49.69 ± 2.21	37.41 ± 1.65	12.91 ± 1.11	25.81 ± 0.48	7.19 ± 0.17	9.19 ± 0.11	6.64 ± 0.14	11.75 ± 0.13
SXYG	137.06 ± 6.57	112.31 ± 3.22	43.71 ± 1.52	30.81 ± 1.03	13.13 ± 0.84	22.33 ± 0.37	5.16 ± 0.12	8.93 ± 0.07	6.40 ± 0.08	10.90 ± 0.11
ZJKWSL	156.87 ± 5.44	125.98 ± 3.73	47.02 ± 2.03	37.65 ± 1.12	14.15 ± 0.59	26.19 ± 0.45	6.53 ± 0.21	9.55 ± 0.13	6.85 ± 0.12	12.46 ± 0.20
BJMY	171.00 ± 6.44	136.38 ± 3.20	52.57 ± 1.28	44.20 ± 1.29	13.16 ± 0.56	24.72 ± 0.37	6.57 ± 0.19	9.55 ± 0.11	6.83 ± 0.10	12.25 ± 0.15
ZJKNZ	159.77 ± 4.69	143.54 ± 4.92	54.15 ± 1.34	41.59 ± 1.01	13.09 ± 0.57	23.47 ± 0.30	5.98 ± 0.12	9.44 ± 0.16	6.96 ± 0.10	12.55 ± 0.19
BJTZ	187.17 ± 4.51	145.83 ± 3.15	57.88 ± 1.53	45.67 ± 1.19	15.60 ± 0.50	23.68 ± 0.30	6.38 ± 0.14	9.33 ± 0.15	6.64 ± 0.11	11.57 ± 0.15
平均值 Average	160.14	127.79	50.8	39.83	14.64	24.32	6.38	9.28	6.72	11.88
种群间F值 F value among populations	6.888	8.576	7.594	12.399	9.124	11.546	13.503	5.82	4.525	18.06
p值 p value	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**