Influence of three types of salt stress on photosynthesis in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0010

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

The invasion of Spartina alterniflora has imposed significant influences on structure and functioning of coastal saltmarshes. The Spartina marsh has been found to contain relatively higher sulfur content than the adjacent native Phragmites marsh. This research is aimed to investigate if sulfur helps with S. alterniflora in competition over Phragmites australis.

<i>Methods</i>

Seedlings of S. alterniflora and P. australis were grown in an imitated mesocosm on the campus of Nanjing University. Three common salts of the sea water, Na₂SO₄, Na₂S and NaCl were respectively added to the cultural medium. Light response curves of the plants before and during the four days of treatments were obtained by measuring gas exchange with varying light levels. Maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis II (PSII) and light induction curves were also measured by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis.

<i>Important findings</i>

Among the three salts, Na₂S caused the greatest difference in the response of photosynthesis between S. alterniflora and P. australis, and Na₂SO₄ had the least effect. The Na₂S treatment significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and light saturation point (I_sat) in S. alterniflora, but decreased P_n in P. australis. The NaCl treatment also increased P_n in S. alterniflora to a less degree and decreased P_n in P. australis. The Na₂SO₄ treatment had little effect on P_n in both S. alterniflora and P. australis. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in P. australis were promoted by all three salts, whereas it was only affected by Na₂S and NaCl in S. alterniflora. Our results suggest that S. alterniflora has significantly greater tolerance to sulfate and sulfide than P. australis. Therefore, sulfuric compounds and especially sulfide in saltmarsh environments might benefit the competition of S. alterniflora over P. australis, which could contribute to the formation of the mono-specific vegetation of the invasive S. alterniflora.

Key words: biological invasion, saltmarsh ecosystem, Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, sulfur enviroment, salt stress, photosynthesis

HU Chu-Qi,LIU Jin-Ke,WANG Tian-Hong,WANG Wen-Lin,LU Shan,ZHOU Chang-Fang. Influence of three types of salt stress on photosynthesis in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(1): 92-103.

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Figures/Tables 8

References 40

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处理后天数 Day after treatment	互花米草 S. alterniflora			芦苇 P. australis
处理后天数 Day after treatment	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl
0	19.92 ± 1.44^a	21.25 ± 0.58^a	16.53 ± 1.33^a	17.89 ± 1.90^a	17.98 ± 2.50^a	15.65 ± 0.24^a
1	18.43 ± 1.30^a	23.61 ± 1.67^ab	16.16 ± 0.91^a	16.36 ± 2.75^a	14.03 ± 3.19^a	15.76 ± 2.20^a
2	18.67 ± 1.80^a	25.39 ± 1.16^b	18.11 ± 1.48^a	16.81 ± 2.21^a	15.08 ± 2.52^a	14.54 ± 0.12^a
3	20.36 ± 1.12^a	24.41 ± 0.58^ab	19.33 ± 1.42^a	17.47 ± 2.27^a	13.54 ± 2.43^a	13.07 ± 1.44^a
4	22.07 ± 2.05^a	26.11 ± 0.43^b	17.60 ± 1.31^a	16.93 ± 2.42^a	11.64 ± 3.81^a	12.42 ± 1.07^a

处理后天数 Day after treatment	互花米草 S. alterniflora			芦苇 P. australis
处理后天数 Day after treatment	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl
0	19.92 ± 1.44^a	21.25 ± 0.58^a	16.53 ± 1.33^a	17.89 ± 1.90^a	17.98 ± 2.50^a	15.65 ± 0.24^a
1	18.43 ± 1.30^a	23.61 ± 1.67^ab	16.16 ± 0.91^a	16.36 ± 2.75^a	14.03 ± 3.19^a	15.76 ± 2.20^a
2	18.67 ± 1.80^a	25.39 ± 1.16^b	18.11 ± 1.48^a	16.81 ± 2.21^a	15.08 ± 2.52^a	14.54 ± 0.12^a
3	20.36 ± 1.12^a	24.41 ± 0.58^ab	19.33 ± 1.42^a	17.47 ± 2.27^a	13.54 ± 2.43^a	13.07 ± 1.44^a
4	22.07 ± 2.05^a	26.11 ± 0.43^b	17.60 ± 1.31^a	16.93 ± 2.42^a	11.64 ± 3.81^a	12.42 ± 1.07^a

处理后天数 Day after treatment	互花米草 S. alterniflora			芦苇 P. australis
处理后天数 Day after treatment	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl
0	0.048 ± 0.004^a	0.050 ± 0.001^a	0.041 ± 0.000^a	0.038 ± 0.003^a	0.037 ± 0.001^a	0.036 ± 0.002^ab
1	0.047 ± 0.002^a	0.045 ± 0.002^ab	0.045 ± 0.000^ab	0.039 ± 0.001^a	0.026 ± 0.005^a	0.038 ± 0.002^ab
2	0.048 ± 0.004^a	0.040 ± 0.002^b	0.043 ± 0.003^ab	0.039 ± 0.004^a	0.028 ± 0.005^a	0.034 ± 0.003^a
3	0.054 ± 0.002^a	0.042 ± 0.003^ab	0.045 ± 0.003^ab	0.038 ± 0.003^a	0.030 ± 0.006^a	0.041 ± 0.001^b
4	0.050 ± 0.001^a	0.046 ± 0.003^ab	0.050 ± 0.003^b	0.037 ± 0.001^a	0.027 ± 0.006^a	0.038 ± 0.001^ab

处理后天数 Day after treatment	互花米草 S. alterniflora			芦苇 P. australis
处理后天数 Day after treatment	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl
0	0.048 ± 0.004^a	0.050 ± 0.001^a	0.041 ± 0.000^a	0.038 ± 0.003^a	0.037 ± 0.001^a	0.036 ± 0.002^ab
1	0.047 ± 0.002^a	0.045 ± 0.002^ab	0.045 ± 0.000^ab	0.039 ± 0.001^a	0.026 ± 0.005^a	0.038 ± 0.002^ab
2	0.048 ± 0.004^a	0.040 ± 0.002^b	0.043 ± 0.003^ab	0.039 ± 0.004^a	0.028 ± 0.005^a	0.034 ± 0.003^a
3	0.054 ± 0.002^a	0.042 ± 0.003^ab	0.045 ± 0.003^ab	0.038 ± 0.003^a	0.030 ± 0.006^a	0.041 ± 0.001^b
4	0.050 ± 0.001^a	0.046 ± 0.003^ab	0.050 ± 0.003^b	0.037 ± 0.001^a	0.027 ± 0.006^a	0.038 ± 0.001^ab

处理后天数 Day after treatment	互花米草 S. alterniflora			芦苇 P. australis
处理后天数 Day after treatment	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	Na₂S
0	2 440.0 ± 136.2^a	2 067.1 ± 75.6^a	2 258.1 ± 198.7^a	1 815.1 ± 166.1^a	2 081.2 ± 169.7^a	1 911.2 ± 77.0^a
1	2 517.8 ± 180.3^a	2 366.9 ± 413.6^a	2 246.4 ± 124.7^a	1 958.9 ± 66.4^a	1 943.5 ± 239.8^a	2 141.6 ± 113.0^a
2	2 520.5 ± 0.8^a	2 221.7 ± 315.2^a	2 313.3 ± 182.0^a	1 973.9 ± 132.6^a	1 970.5 ± 130.5^a	1 924.3 ± 124.7^a
3	2 475.9 ± 149.5^a	1 951.2 ± 224.0^a	2 438.8 ± 170.1^a	1 747.9 ± 161.2^a	1 942.0 ± 98.4^a	2 054.1 ± 98.6^a
4	2 371.4 ± 191.0^a	2 230.3 ± 114.1^a	2 613.2 ± 191.2^a	1 905.5 ± 118.9^a	1 917.9 ± 177.4^a	1 788.5 ± 114.7^a