COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEED GERMINATION, SEED SIZE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS IN MESAD AND SICCOCOLOUS

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0131

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Seed germination and seed size are crucial plant life history traits related to seedling establishment, survival, competition and fitness. Study of germination ecology of native species not only increases understanding of seed traits, reproductive strategy and physiological adaptation, but also can be applied in ecological restoration. Mesad and siccocolous species with different water requirements may have different life-history strategies to respond to different selective pressures. Our main purposes were to determine: 1) differences in germination characteristics between mesad and siccocolous species in the arid and semiarid zone and 2) relationship of germination to seed size.

Methods Seeds of 42 mesad and 22 siccocolous species from the Hexi Corridor of Northwest China were air-dried, cleaned and stored at room temperature about 3-4 months and then stored at 2-4 ℃ for 40 d. Germination was determined under an alternating temperature regime (25 ℃/5 ℃; 12 h light/dark). Four main germination indices were recorded: germination percentage, germination rate, days to first germination and germination period. PCA was used to survey the germination patterns of the 64 species, and Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship of seed size and germination.

Important findings There are four main germination patterns: rapid, intermediate, slow and low germination. Low germination percentages (≤20%) were found in 14.28% mesad and 50% siccocolous. There are significant differences in seed size between mesad and siccocolous (p=0.003). There also is a significant negative correlation between germination and seed size in mesad, with smaller-seeded species having higher germination percentages (r=-0.467^**, p=0.002) than larger-seeded ones, but not in siccocolous (p>0.05). Findings indicate that mesad and siccocolous species under different water conditions are subjected to different selective pressures and have evolved different life-history strategies.

Key words: seed germination, seed size, life-history strategy, mesad, siccocolous

WANG Ju-Hong, CUI Xian-Liang, CHEN Xue-Lin, DU Guo-Zhen. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEED GERMINATION, SEED SIZE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS IN MESAD AND SICCOCOLOUS[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(6): 1037-1045.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0131

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2007/V31/I6/1037

Figures/Tables 6

References 32

[1]	Bu HY (卜海燕), Ren QJ (任青吉), Xiu XL (徐秀丽), Liu K (刘坤), Jia P (贾鹏), Wen SJ (文淑均), Sun DS (孙大帅), Du GZ (杜国祯) (2006). Seed germination characteristics of 54 gramineous species in the Alpine Meadow on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (formerly Acta Phytoecologica Sinica) (植物生态学报), 30,624-632. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	Bischoff A, Vonlanthen B, Steinger T, Müller-Schärer H (2005). Seed provenance matters—effects on germination of four plant species used for ecological restoration. Basic and Applied Ecology, 7,1-13.
[3]	Baker HG (1972). Seed weight in relation to environmental conditions in California. Ecology, 53,997-1010.
[4]	Coomes DA, Grubb PJ (2003). Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed size variation within functional groups. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18,283-290.
[5]	Du GZ (杜国祯), Ma JR (马锦荣) (1997). Study on seed germination ability of 15 wild herbaceous plant species under the different temperatures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 3 (1),18-24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Ellison AM (2001). Interspecific and intraspecific variation in seed size and germination requirements of Sarracenia (Sarraceniaceae). American Journal of Botany, 83,429-437.
[7]	Foster SA (1986). On the adaptive value of large seeds for tropical moist forest trees: a review and synthesis. Botanical Review, 52,260-299.
[8]	Guo QF, Brown JH, Valone TJ, Kachman SD (2000). Constrains of seed size on plant distribution and abundance. Ecology, 81,2149-2155.
[9]	Gutterman Y (2000). Environmental factors and survival strategies of annual plant species in the Negev Desert, Israel. Plant Species Biology, 15,113-125.
[10]	Huang ZY (黄振英), Gutterman Y (2000). Comparison of germination strategies of Artemisia ordosica with its two congeners from deserts of China and Israel. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 42,71-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Hammond DS, Brown VK (1995). Seed size of wood plants in relation to disturbance, dispersal, soil type in wet Neotropical forests. Ecology, 76,2544-2561.
[12]	Jakobsson A, Eriksson O (2000). A comparative study of seed number, seed size, seedling size and recruitment in grassland plants. Oikos, 88,494-502.
[13]	Kleyer M (1999). Distribution of plant functional types along gradients of disturbance intensity and resource supply in an agricultural landscape. Journal of Vegetation Science, 10,697-708.
[14]	Lambert BB, Menges ES (1996). The effects of light, soil disturbance and presence of organic litter on the field germination and survival of the Florida Goldenaster, Chrysopsis Floridana Small. Florida Scientist, 59,121-137.
[15]	Leishman MR, Wright IJ, Moles AT, Westoby M (2000). The evolutionary ecology of seed size. In: Fenner Med. Seeds: the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities 2nd edn. CABI Publishing, New York,31-57.
[16]	Liu ZM (刘志民), Li XH (李雪华), Li RP (李荣平), Jiang DM (蒋德明), Cao CY (曹成有) (2003). A comparative study on seed germination of 15 grass species in KeeQin Sandyland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 14,1416-1420. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Liu ZM (刘志民), Li XH (李雪华), Li RP (李荣平), Jiang DM (蒋德明), Cao CY (曹成有), Chang XL (常学礼) (2004). A comparative study of seed germination for 31 annual species of the Horqin Steppe. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 24,648-653. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Liu ZM (刘志民), Zhao WZ (赵文智), Li ZG (李志刚) (2002). Characteristics of the seed bank of Sophora moorcoftiana population in the middle reach of Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 22,715-722. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Liu YX (刘女英心), Yang XL (杨喜林), Yao YY (姚育英) (1992). Flora in Desertis Reipublicae Populorum Sinarum. Tomus 1-3 (中国沙漠植物志,1-3卷) 1st edn. Science Press, Beijing,8-455. (in Chinese)
[20]	Li L (李良), Wang G (王刚) (2003). Seed germination strategy: theory and practice. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 23,1165-1174. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Moles AT, Hodson DW, Webb CJ (2000). Seed size and shape and persistence in the soil in the New Zealand flora. Oikos, 89,541-545.
[22]	Milberg P, Andersson L (1998). Does cold stratification level out differences in seed germinability between populations? Plant Ecology, 134,225-234.
[23]	Milberg P, Andersson L, Thompson K (2000). Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed Science Research, 10,99-104.
[24]	Pan XL (潘晓玲), Dang RL (党荣理), Wu GH (伍光和) (2001). Floristic Geography and Resource Utilization in Arid Desert Area of Northwest (西北干旱荒漠区植物区系地理与资源利用) 1st edn. Science Press, Beijing,110-116. (in Chinese)
[25]	Shimono Y, Kudo G (2005). Comparisons of germination traits of alpine plants between fellfield and snowbed habitats. Ecological Research, 20,189-197.
[26]	Thompson K, Band SR, Hodgson JG (1993). Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology, 7,236-241.
[27]	Wang G (王刚), Liang XG (梁学功), Feng B (冯波) (1995). The regeneration niches of sand desert plants. Ⅰ. The studies of seed germination Artemisia ordosica, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparivm. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 15 (5),102-105. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Wang G (王刚), Liang XG (梁学功) (1995). The dynamics of seed bank on Shapotou artificially stabilized dunes. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 37,231-237. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Wang ZL (王宗灵), Xu YQ (徐雨清), Wang G (王刚) (1998). Germination strategies of annual sandy plants under limited precipitation. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences Edition) (兰州大学学报 (自然科学版)), 34 (2),98-103. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Zhang ST (张世挺), Du GZ (杜国祯), Chen JK (陈家宽) (2003). The present situation and prospect of studies on evolutionary ecology of seed size variation. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 23,353-364. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Zeng YJ (曾彦军), Wang YR (王彦荣), Bao P (保平), Ta LT (塔拉腾), Su LD (苏勒德) (2005). Study on the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture content, sowing depth, and sand cover on seed germination and seedling growth of Reaumuria soongorica and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 14 (5),24-31. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Zong WJ (宗文杰), Liu K (刘坤), Bu HY (卜海燕), Xu XL (徐秀丽), Wu GL (武高林) (2006). The mode of seed size variation and the effects of seed size on fifty-one species of Compositae plants in alpine meadow. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences Edition) (兰州大学学报 (自然科学版)), 42 (5),52-55. (in Chinese with English abstract)

种名 Species	编号 Sequence number	种子大小 Seed size ±SE(mg)	平均萌发率 Percentage of germination ±SE (%)	平均萌发速率 Germination rate±SE	萌发开始时间 Days to first germination (d)	萌发持续时间 Germination period (d)
中生植物Mesad
乳苣Mulgedium tataricum	1	0.78±0.02	26.00±8.71	0.789±0.37	4	4
窄叶小苦荬Ixeridium gramineum	2	0.16±0.01	82.67±5.77	13.565±4.18	3	10
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	3	0.33±0.02	98.00±4.16	28.031±4.11	2	10
刺儿菜Cirsium setosum	4	1.47±0.09	24.00±4.61	0.223±0.02	6	17
牛蒡Arctium lappa	5	1.313±0.31	82.00±5.29	7.348±1.39	4	22
苣荬菜Sonchus brachyotus	6	0.441±0.03	80.00±2.00	1.569±0.27	6	34
乳苣一种Mulgedium sp.	7	0.45±0.01	76.00±4.00	13.129±1.29	5	11
巴天酸模Rumex patientia	8	1.32±0.19	62.0±11.13	3.249±1.03	2	21
卷茎蓼Polygonum convolvulus	9	1.94±0.05	1.333±1.15	0.002±0.00	6	23
西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	10	2.06±0.15	23.33±9.45	0.677±0.78	5	22
酸模叶蓼P. lapathifolium	11	1.95±0.07	1.333±1.15	0.000 1±0.00	26	13
扁蓄P. aviculare	12	2.48±0.12	16.00±6.00	0.041±0.03	7	36
鞑靼滨藜Atriplex tatarica	13	0.82±0.042	80.67±6.11	1.498±0.24	2	35
尖叶盐爪爪Kalidium cuspidatum	14	0.15±0.02	65.14±4.16	1.49±0.19	4	33
西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica	15	2.35±0.08	64.6±13.01	0.748±0.31	2	40
沼生蔊菜Rorippa islandica	16	0.06±0.01	92.67±2.30	32.025±4.21	4	7
腺独行菜Lepidium apetalum	17	0.20±0.00	94.67±4.16	3.752±0.58	1	42
宽叶独行菜L. latifolium	18	0.28±0.02	76.67±1.15	5.822±0.34	3	8
北方独行菜L. cordatum	19	0.26±0.02	79.3±17.01	4.572±2.66	4	19
毛果群心菜Cardaria pubescens	20	1.11±0.02	82.6±11.01	2.707±0.83	5	19
曼陀罗Darura stramonium	21	5.15±0.13	30.67±6.11	0.332±0.13	5	38
红果龙葵Solanum alatum	22	1.12±0.03	70.00±9.16	2.024±0.36	10	33
白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum	23	0.71±0.00	98.67±2.31	22.201±2.33	1	14
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	24	0.14±0.00	4.667±3.05	0.030 2±0.04	3	1
虎尾草Chloris virgata	25	0.31±0.01	92.00±3.46	135.956±8.31	1	2
披碱草Clinelymus dahuricus	26	5.28±0.15	75.33±8.32	4.044±0.84	7	14
披针叶黄华Thermopsis schischkinii	27	20.26±0.21	32.00±8.00	0.090±0.062	3	40
川西锦鸡儿Caragana erinacea	28	9.63±0.22	62.00±9.16	1.179±0.52	3	38
细叶百脉根Lotus tenuis	29	1.35±0.04	62.6±13.61	3.954±1.48	1	26
野苜蓿Medicago falcata	30	1.93±0.10	16.00±5.29	0.147±0.08	4	31
锦鸡儿一种Caragana sp.	31	11.23±0.13	38.00±9.16	0.433±0.23	2	41
树锦鸡儿C. arborwscens	32	29.35±0.34	22.67±8.32	0.061±0.07	4	39
岩黄耆一种Hedysarum sp.	33	3.76±0.14	26.00±5.29	0.11±0.05	4	32
打碗花Calystegia hederacea	34	10.80±0.03	20.67±5.77	0.172±0.10	2	41
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis	35	10.79±0.03	2.000±2.00	0.004 9±0.01	5	5
平车前Plantago depressa	36	0.18±0.01	20.00±4.00	2.029±0.93	6	6
锦葵Malva sinensis	37	2.26±0.00	32.0±11.13	0.404±0.24	1	41
蜀葵Althaea rosea	38	13.17±0.27	62.6±10.06	1.636±0.49	3	36
野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum	39	4.97±0.04	35.3±11.37	0.609±0.43	2	41
朝天委陵菜Potentilla supina	40	0.10±0.00	77.33±8.08	7.085±1.47	5	9
鹅绒委陵菜Potentilla anserina	41	0.29±0.015	61.3±28.02	3.765±3.69	4	32
反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus	42	0.41±0.00	90.67±2.31	1.775±0.11	5	26
旱生植物 Siccocolous
沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	1	44.26±0.33	63.33±8.08	1.646±0.17	2	37
苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides	2	5.54±0.59	6.67±5.03	0.007±0.01	2	41
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	3	6.35±0.09	7.33±3.05	0.02±0.03	3	21
苦参Sophora flavescens	4	25.25±0.42	14.67±6.42	0.031 9±0.04	7	36
柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii	5	56.07±3.49	16.6±11.71	0.635±0.84	2	4
沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum	6	1.06±0.06	22.00±0.00	0.332±0.05	4	37
老瓜头Cynanchum komarovii	7	9.19±0.36	3.33±4.16	0.004±0.01	10	17
骆驼蓬Peganum harmala	8	2.26±0.06	4.67±4.16	0.011±0.01	9	12
种名 Species	编号 Sequence number	种子大小 Seed size ±SE(mg)	平均萌发率 Percentage of germination ±SE (%)	平均萌发速率 Germination rate±SE	萌发开始时间 Days to first germination (d)	萌发持续时间 Germination period (d)
泡泡刺Nitraria sphaerocarpa	9	10.02±0.19	41.33±7.02	0.398±0.16	2	41
驼蹄瓣Zygophyllum fabago	10	3.60±0.03	54.00±5.29	0.508±0.15	3	28
骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	11	2.15±0.09	2.00±2.00	0.001±0.00	10	16
霸王Zygophyllum xanthoxylon	12	14.31±1.07	91.33±4.16	11.120±21.97	2	27
蝎虎驼蹄瓣Zygophyllum mucronatum	13	1.95±0.07	0.667±1.15	0.001±0.00	7	1
多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum	14	5.55±0.13	3.333±1.15	0.009±0.01	8	7
白刺Nitraria tangutorum	15	21.15±0.78	8.000±2.00	0.081±0.04	6	28
膜果麻黄Ephedra przewalskii	16	2.43±0.03	93.43±4.16	81.300±10.45	1	4
中麻黄Ephedra intermedia	17	6.98±0.41	64.67±8.32	3.584±1.78	2	19
木贼麻黄Ephedra equisetina	18	5.84±0.09	50.00±5.29	1.642±0.18	1	14
河西沙拐枣Calligonum potanini	19	63.50±9.48	10.00±0.00	0.074±0.08	3	6
沙木蓼Atraphaxis bracteata	20	6.04±0.51	40.67±16.7	0.384±0.37	3	38
黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum	21	1.02±0.01	90.00±4.00	1.866±0.14	8	28
沙蒿Artemisia arenaria	22	0.44±0.01	70.0±13.85	0.902±0.32	1	42

种名 Species	编号 Sequence number	种子大小 Seed size ±SE(mg)	平均萌发率 Percentage of germination ±SE (%)	平均萌发速率 Germination rate±SE	萌发开始时间 Days to first germination (d)	萌发持续时间 Germination period (d)
中生植物Mesad
乳苣Mulgedium tataricum	1	0.78±0.02	26.00±8.71	0.789±0.37	4	4
窄叶小苦荬Ixeridium gramineum	2	0.16±0.01	82.67±5.77	13.565±4.18	3	10
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	3	0.33±0.02	98.00±4.16	28.031±4.11	2	10
刺儿菜Cirsium setosum	4	1.47±0.09	24.00±4.61	0.223±0.02	6	17
牛蒡Arctium lappa	5	1.313±0.31	82.00±5.29	7.348±1.39	4	22
苣荬菜Sonchus brachyotus	6	0.441±0.03	80.00±2.00	1.569±0.27	6	34
乳苣一种Mulgedium sp.	7	0.45±0.01	76.00±4.00	13.129±1.29	5	11
巴天酸模Rumex patientia	8	1.32±0.19	62.0±11.13	3.249±1.03	2	21
卷茎蓼Polygonum convolvulus	9	1.94±0.05	1.333±1.15	0.002±0.00	6	23
西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	10	2.06±0.15	23.33±9.45	0.677±0.78	5	22
酸模叶蓼P. lapathifolium	11	1.95±0.07	1.333±1.15	0.000 1±0.00	26	13
扁蓄P. aviculare	12	2.48±0.12	16.00±6.00	0.041±0.03	7	36
鞑靼滨藜Atriplex tatarica	13	0.82±0.042	80.67±6.11	1.498±0.24	2	35
尖叶盐爪爪Kalidium cuspidatum	14	0.15±0.02	65.14±4.16	1.49±0.19	4	33
西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica	15	2.35±0.08	64.6±13.01	0.748±0.31	2	40
沼生蔊菜Rorippa islandica	16	0.06±0.01	92.67±2.30	32.025±4.21	4	7
腺独行菜Lepidium apetalum	17	0.20±0.00	94.67±4.16	3.752±0.58	1	42
宽叶独行菜L. latifolium	18	0.28±0.02	76.67±1.15	5.822±0.34	3	8
北方独行菜L. cordatum	19	0.26±0.02	79.3±17.01	4.572±2.66	4	19
毛果群心菜Cardaria pubescens	20	1.11±0.02	82.6±11.01	2.707±0.83	5	19
曼陀罗Darura stramonium	21	5.15±0.13	30.67±6.11	0.332±0.13	5	38
红果龙葵Solanum alatum	22	1.12±0.03	70.00±9.16	2.024±0.36	10	33
白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum	23	0.71±0.00	98.67±2.31	22.201±2.33	1	14
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	24	0.14±0.00	4.667±3.05	0.030 2±0.04	3	1
虎尾草Chloris virgata	25	0.31±0.01	92.00±3.46	135.956±8.31	1	2
披碱草Clinelymus dahuricus	26	5.28±0.15	75.33±8.32	4.044±0.84	7	14
披针叶黄华Thermopsis schischkinii	27	20.26±0.21	32.00±8.00	0.090±0.062	3	40
川西锦鸡儿Caragana erinacea	28	9.63±0.22	62.00±9.16	1.179±0.52	3	38
细叶百脉根Lotus tenuis	29	1.35±0.04	62.6±13.61	3.954±1.48	1	26
野苜蓿Medicago falcata	30	1.93±0.10	16.00±5.29	0.147±0.08	4	31
锦鸡儿一种Caragana sp.	31	11.23±0.13	38.00±9.16	0.433±0.23	2	41
树锦鸡儿C. arborwscens	32	29.35±0.34	22.67±8.32	0.061±0.07	4	39
岩黄耆一种Hedysarum sp.	33	3.76±0.14	26.00±5.29	0.11±0.05	4	32
打碗花Calystegia hederacea	34	10.80±0.03	20.67±5.77	0.172±0.10	2	41
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis	35	10.79±0.03	2.000±2.00	0.004 9±0.01	5	5
平车前Plantago depressa	36	0.18±0.01	20.00±4.00	2.029±0.93	6	6
锦葵Malva sinensis	37	2.26±0.00	32.0±11.13	0.404±0.24	1	41
蜀葵Althaea rosea	38	13.17±0.27	62.6±10.06	1.636±0.49	3	36
野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum	39	4.97±0.04	35.3±11.37	0.609±0.43	2	41
朝天委陵菜Potentilla supina	40	0.10±0.00	77.33±8.08	7.085±1.47	5	9
鹅绒委陵菜Potentilla anserina	41	0.29±0.015	61.3±28.02	3.765±3.69	4	32
反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus	42	0.41±0.00	90.67±2.31	1.775±0.11	5	26
旱生植物 Siccocolous
沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	1	44.26±0.33	63.33±8.08	1.646±0.17	2	37
苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides	2	5.54±0.59	6.67±5.03	0.007±0.01	2	41
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	3	6.35±0.09	7.33±3.05	0.02±0.03	3	21
苦参Sophora flavescens	4	25.25±0.42	14.67±6.42	0.031 9±0.04	7	36
柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii	5	56.07±3.49	16.6±11.71	0.635±0.84	2	4
沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum	6	1.06±0.06	22.00±0.00	0.332±0.05	4	37
老瓜头Cynanchum komarovii	7	9.19±0.36	3.33±4.16	0.004±0.01	10	17
骆驼蓬Peganum harmala	8	2.26±0.06	4.67±4.16	0.011±0.01	9	12
种名 Species	编号 Sequence number	种子大小 Seed size ±SE(mg)	平均萌发率 Percentage of germination ±SE (%)	平均萌发速率 Germination rate±SE	萌发开始时间 Days to first germination (d)	萌发持续时间 Germination period (d)
泡泡刺Nitraria sphaerocarpa	9	10.02±0.19	41.33±7.02	0.398±0.16	2	41
驼蹄瓣Zygophyllum fabago	10	3.60±0.03	54.00±5.29	0.508±0.15	3	28
骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	11	2.15±0.09	2.00±2.00	0.001±0.00	10	16
霸王Zygophyllum xanthoxylon	12	14.31±1.07	91.33±4.16	11.120±21.97	2	27
蝎虎驼蹄瓣Zygophyllum mucronatum	13	1.95±0.07	0.667±1.15	0.001±0.00	7	1
多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum	14	5.55±0.13	3.333±1.15	0.009±0.01	8	7
白刺Nitraria tangutorum	15	21.15±0.78	8.000±2.00	0.081±0.04	6	28
膜果麻黄Ephedra przewalskii	16	2.43±0.03	93.43±4.16	81.300±10.45	1	4
中麻黄Ephedra intermedia	17	6.98±0.41	64.67±8.32	3.584±1.78	2	19
木贼麻黄Ephedra equisetina	18	5.84±0.09	50.00±5.29	1.642±0.18	1	14
河西沙拐枣Calligonum potanini	19	63.50±9.48	10.00±0.00	0.074±0.08	3	6
沙木蓼Atraphaxis bracteata	20	6.04±0.51	40.67±16.7	0.384±0.37	3	38
黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum	21	1.02±0.01	90.00±4.00	1.866±0.14	8	28
沙蒿Artemisia arenaria	22	0.44±0.01	70.0±13.85	0.902±0.32	1	42

生态型 Ecotypes	成分 Component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalues			提取载荷平方和 Extraction sums of squared loadings
生态型 Ecotypes	成分 Component	总计 Total	方差百分比 % of variance	累积百分比 Cumulative %	总计 Total	方差百分比 % of variance	累积百分比 Cumulative %
中生植物 Mesad	1	1.685	42.123	42.123	1.685	42.123	42.123
	2	1.249	31.218	73.341	1.249	31.218	73.341
	3	0.588	14.695	88.036
	4	0.479	11.964	100.000
旱生植物 Siccocolous	1	1.892	47.306	47.306	1.892	47.306	47.306
	2	1.286	31.144	79.450	1.286	31.144	79.450
	3	0.516	12.896	92.346
	4	0.306	7.654	100.000

生态型 Ecotypes	成分 Component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalues			提取载荷平方和 Extraction sums of squared loadings
生态型 Ecotypes	成分 Component	总计 Total	方差百分比 % of variance	累积百分比 Cumulative %	总计 Total	方差百分比 % of variance	累积百分比 Cumulative %
中生植物 Mesad	1	1.685	42.123	42.123	1.685	42.123	42.123
	2	1.249	31.218	73.341	1.249	31.218	73.341
	3	0.588	14.695	88.036
	4	0.479	11.964	100.000
旱生植物 Siccocolous	1	1.892	47.306	47.306	1.892	47.306	47.306
	2	1.286	31.144	79.450	1.286	31.144	79.450
	3	0.516	12.896	92.346
	4	0.306	7.654	100.000

生态型 Ecotypes	种数 N	最小种子重量 Minimum seed mass (mg)	最大种子重量 Maximum seed mass (mg)	中位数 Median (mg)	平均种子重量 Mean seed mass (mg)	标准偏差 SD	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness ±SE	峰度 Kurtosis ±SE
中生植物Mesad	42	0.06	29.35	1.33	3.88	6.103	37.25	2.525±0.36	7.236±0.71
旱生植物Siccocolous	22	0.44	63.50	5.94	13.41	18.138	329.02	1.928±0.49	2.786±0.95