桂北喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落特征及其与土壤的耦合关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于喀斯特峰丛洼地草丛、灌丛、次生林、原生林4个生态系统24个样地(20 m × 20 m)的系统取样调查, 研究了喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统群落的结构组成与生物多样性特征, 选取代表植物群落和土壤性质的35个指标, 对不同生态系统及整个喀斯特脆弱生态系统植物群落与土壤主要养分、土壤矿质养分和土壤微生物间的相互关系进行了主成分分析与典范相关分析。结果表明: 沿草丛、灌丛、次生林、原生林的顺向演替发展, 重要值(importance value, IV)>10.00的科、属、种及物种多样性最大值出现在次生林, 群落结构最佳值出现在顶级群落原生林; 喀斯特峰丛洼地景观异质性高, 各生态系统影响因子不同, 土壤微生物在喀斯特脆弱生态系统处于主导地位, 其次为灌丛; 不同集团因子的典范相关分析表明, 植物多样性指标与土壤氮素、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、土壤微生物生物量碳(C_mic)、真菌和细菌关系密切。因此, 在喀斯特脆弱生态系统恢复与重建过程中, 应针对不同生态系统制定相应的培育管理措施。

关键词: 耦合关系, 喀斯特峰丛洼地, 不同生态系统, 土壤, 植被

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to study plant community characteristics and coupling relationships between plant and soil properties in different ecosystems in depressions between karst hills.

Methods We established 24 sample plots of 20 m × 20 m dimensions in four ecosystems (grassland, scrub, secondary forest and primary forest) in depressions between karst hills. We investigated the species composition and diversity characteristics of these ecosystems. We chose 35 indexes covering plant community and soil properties to study the relationships between plant factors and soil nutrients, soil mineral chemical components and soil microbes using analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA).

Important findings Along succession from grassland to scrub to secondary forest to primary forest, the maximum number of species, genera and families with importance values (IV) >10.00 and maximum species diversity were in secondary forest, and the optimal community structure was in primary forest. The depressions between karst hills had high landscape heterogeneity, and different ecosystems were influenced by different factors. Soil microbes were the dominant influence in karst fragile ecosystems, followed by scrub. CCA elucidated a close relationship between species diversity and soil nitrogen, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, microbial biomass carbon (C_mic), fungi and bacteria. Vegetation improvement and management practices should focus on such characteristics of different ecosystems when undertaking restoration and reconstruction of karst fragile ecosystems.

Key words: coupling relationship, depressions between karst hills, different ecosystems, soil, vegetation

杜虎, 彭晚霞, 宋同清, 王克林, 曾馥平, 鹿士杨, 时伟伟, 唐成, 谭秋锦. 桂北喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落特征及其与土壤的耦合关系. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 197-208. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00020

DU Hu, PENG Wan-Xia, SONG Tong-Qing, WANG Ke-Lin, ZENG Fu-Ping, LU Shi-Yang, SHI Wei-Wei, TANG Cheng, TAN Qiu-Jin. Plant community characteristics and its coupling relationships with soil in depressions between karst hills, North Guangxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 197-208. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00020

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I3/197

图/表 8

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生态系统 Ecosystem	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	重要值大于10.0的科属种 Families, genera, species with importance values more than 10.0
生态系统 Ecosystem	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	科 Family	比例 Proportion (%)	属 Genus	比例 Proportion (%)	种 Species	比例 Proportion (%)
草丛 Grassland	11	20	24	2	90.11	2	86.61	2	86.61
灌丛 Scrub	24	35	40	1	55.26	1	54.41	1	54.41
次生林 Secondary forest	49	84	101	8	63.53	7	53.91	6	49.38
原生林 Primary forest	50	79	98	5	49.76	5	46.57	5	42.51

生态系统 Ecosystem	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	重要值大于10.0的科属种 Families, genera, species with importance values more than 10.0
生态系统 Ecosystem	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	科 Family	比例 Proportion (%)	属 Genus	比例 Proportion (%)	种 Species	比例 Proportion (%)
草丛 Grassland	11	20	24	2	90.11	2	86.61	2	86.61
灌丛 Scrub	24	35	40	1	55.26	1	54.41	1	54.41
次生林 Secondary forest	49	84	101	8	63.53	7	53.91	6	49.38
原生林 Primary forest	50	79	98	5	49.76	5	46.57	5	42.51

生态系统 Ecosystem	高度 Height (m)	密度 Density (ind.·m^-2)	盖度 Coverage (%)
草丛 Grassland	1.13^Cd	174.84^Aa	74.17^Ab
灌丛 Scrub	2.22^Cc	21.22^Bb	82.5^Aab
次生林 Secondary forest	5.52^Bb	0.42^Bb	77.50^Ab
原生林 Primary forest	8.74^Aa	0.54^Bb	88.00^Aa

生态系统 Ecosystem	高度 Height (m)	密度 Density (ind.·m^-2)	盖度 Coverage (%)
草丛 Grassland	1.13^Cd	174.84^Aa	74.17^Ab
灌丛 Scrub	2.22^Cc	21.22^Bb	82.5^Aab
次生林 Secondary forest	5.52^Bb	0.42^Bb	77.50^Ab
原生林 Primary forest	8.74^Aa	0.54^Bb	88.00^Aa

层次 Layer	生态系统 Ecosystem	丰富度S Species richness	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
草本层 Grass layer	草丛 Grassland	7.666 7^Aa	0.871 7^Aa	0.388 3^Aa	0.375 0^Bb
	灌丛 Scrub	5.833 3^Aa	0.990 0^Aa	0.456 7^Aa	0.540 0^ABab
	次生林 Secondary forest	6.666 7^Aa	1.380 0^Aa	0.646 7^Aa	0.765 0^Aa
	原生林 Primary forest	5.166 7^Aa	1.211 7^Aa	0.626 7^Aa	0.791 7^Aa
灌木层 Shrub layer	草丛 Grassland	3.333 3^Bc	0.475 0^Bc	0.238 3^Bb	0.246 7^Bb
	灌丛 Scrub	13.333 3^Ab	1.648 3^Ab	0.630 0^Aa	0.625 0^Aa
	次生林 Secondary forest	21.666 7^Aa	2.545 0^Aa	0.850 0^Aa	0.828 3^Aa
	原生林 Primary forest	13.833 3_Ab	2.190 0^Aab	0.831 7^Aa	0.860 0^Aa
乔木层 Tree layer	灌丛 Scrub	12.000 0^Aa	1.928 3^Aa	0.801 7^Aa	0.781 7^Aa
	次生林 Secondary forest	14.500 0^Aa	1.705 0^Aa	0.681 7^Aa	0.645 0^Aa
	原生林 Primary forest	17.500 0^Aa	1.526 7^Aa	0.468 3^Aa	0.433 3^Aa