植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 692-702.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0247
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2017-09-28
修回日期:
2018-03-15
出版日期:
2018-06-20
发布日期:
2018-06-20
通讯作者:
林成芳
基金资助:
WEI Cui-Cui,LIU Xiao-Fei,LIN Cheng-Fang(),LI Xian-Feng,LI Yan,ZHENG Yu-Xiong
Received:
2017-09-28
Revised:
2018-03-15
Online:
2018-06-20
Published:
2018-06-20
Contact:
Cheng-Fang LIN
Supported by:
摘要:
酶在土壤有机质分解中起重要作用。为深入了解全球变化背景下森林凋落物产量的改变对森林生态系统过程的影响, 以亚热带米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人促更新次生林(米槠人促林)和米槠次生林为研究对象, 设置凋落物加倍(DL)、凋落物去除(NL)和对照(CT) 3种处理, 探讨土壤6种胞外酶活性的变化。研究结果表明: 米槠次生林中土壤纤维素水解酶(CBH)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、酚氧化酶(PhOx)和过氧化酶(PerOx)活性高于米槠人促林, 而酸性磷酸酶(AP)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)活性没有差异; NL和DL处理均降低了两种不同更新方式森林土壤的AP、βG和NAG活性, CBH和PerOx活性均无显著变化, 而PhOx活性仅在DL处理后降低; 除NAG活性外, 米槠人促林的AP、βG、PhOx活性在凋落物处理后下降的幅度均高于次生林; Pearson相关分析和冗余分析表明, 土壤酶活性与土壤含水量、碳(C)、氮(N)含量和微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量显著相关。因此, 凋落物输入的改变(无论增加和减少), 引起了土壤含水量、C、N以及MBC和MBN含量的下降, 进而可能会导致亚热带米槠次生林和米槠人促林土壤某些胞外酶(如AP、βG和NAG)活性降低。从土壤酶活性角度看, 米槠次生林比米槠人促林更有利于亚热带森林生态系统C、N养分循环。
魏翠翠, 刘小飞, 林成芳, 李先锋, 李艳, 郑裕雄. 凋落物输入改变对亚热带两种米槠次生林土壤酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(6): 692-702. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0247
WEI Cui-Cui, LIU Xiao-Fei, LIN Cheng-Fang, LI Xian-Feng, LI Yan, ZHENG Yu-Xiong. Response of soil enzyme activities to litter input changes in two secondary Castanopsis carlessii forests in subtropical China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(6): 692-702. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0247
项目 Item | 米槠次生林 Secondary Castanopsis carlesii forest | 米槠人促更新次生林 Human-assisted naturally regenerated Castanopsis carlesii forest |
---|---|---|
平均树高 Average tree height (m) | 10.80 | 13.70 |
平均胸径 Average breast diameter (cm) | 12.20 | 16.80 |
林分密度 Stand density (株?hm-2) | 3788 | 2158 |
年凋落物量 Annual litter fall (g?m-2) | 698 | 658 |
细根生物量 Fine root biomass (kg?m-3) | 0.93 | 0.70 |
全C含量 Total carbon content (g?kg-1) | 20.98 | 16.68 |
全N含量 Total nitrogen content (g?kg-1) | 1.42 | 1.14 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g?cm-3) | 0.95 | 1.10 |
表1 试验地林分基本特征和土壤表层(0-10 cm)理化性质
Table 1 Main characteristics of the experiment site and properties of the topsoil (0-10 cm)
项目 Item | 米槠次生林 Secondary Castanopsis carlesii forest | 米槠人促更新次生林 Human-assisted naturally regenerated Castanopsis carlesii forest |
---|---|---|
平均树高 Average tree height (m) | 10.80 | 13.70 |
平均胸径 Average breast diameter (cm) | 12.20 | 16.80 |
林分密度 Stand density (株?hm-2) | 3788 | 2158 |
年凋落物量 Annual litter fall (g?m-2) | 698 | 658 |
细根生物量 Fine root biomass (kg?m-3) | 0.93 | 0.70 |
全C含量 Total carbon content (g?kg-1) | 20.98 | 16.68 |
全N含量 Total nitrogen content (g?kg-1) | 1.42 | 1.14 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g?cm-3) | 0.95 | 1.10 |
酶 Enzyme | 缩写 Abbreviation | 编号 Code | 底物 Substrate | 类型 Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase | AP | 3.1.3.2 | 4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 4-MUB-phosphate | P获得水解酶 P-targeting hydrolytic |
β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-glucosidase | βG | 3.2.1.21 | 4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-glucoside | C获得水解酶 C-targeting hydrolytic |
纤维素水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase | CBH | 3.2.1.91 | 4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-纤维素二糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-cellobioside | C获得水解酶 C-targeting hydrolytic |
β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | NAG | 3.1.6.1 | 4-甲基伞形酮-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-lucosaminide | N获得水解酶 N-targeting hydrolytic |
酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | PhOx | 1.10.3.2 | L-二羟基苯 L-DOPA | C获得氧化酶 C-targeting oxidase |
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase | PerOx | 1.11.1.7 | L-二羟基苯 L-DOPA | C获得氧化酶 C-targeting oxidase |
表2 土壤酶的种类、底物、缩写和类型
Table 2 The substrates, abbreviations and types of the examined soil enzymes
酶 Enzyme | 缩写 Abbreviation | 编号 Code | 底物 Substrate | 类型 Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase | AP | 3.1.3.2 | 4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 4-MUB-phosphate | P获得水解酶 P-targeting hydrolytic |
β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-glucosidase | βG | 3.2.1.21 | 4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-glucoside | C获得水解酶 C-targeting hydrolytic |
纤维素水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase | CBH | 3.2.1.91 | 4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-纤维素二糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-cellobioside | C获得水解酶 C-targeting hydrolytic |
β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | NAG | 3.1.6.1 | 4-甲基伞形酮-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-lucosaminide | N获得水解酶 N-targeting hydrolytic |
酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | PhOx | 1.10.3.2 | L-二羟基苯 L-DOPA | C获得氧化酶 C-targeting oxidase |
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase | PerOx | 1.11.1.7 | L-二羟基苯 L-DOPA | C获得氧化酶 C-targeting oxidase |
项目 Item | 米槠次生林 Secondary Castanopsis carlesii forest | 米槠人促更新次生林 Human-assisted naturally regenerated Castanopsis carlesii forest | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 凋落物去除 No litter | 凋落物添加 Double litter | 对照 Control | 凋落物去除 No litter | 凋落物添加 Double litter | |
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 0.30 ± 0.00aA | 0.23 ± 0.01bA | 0.29 ± 0.03abA | 0.26 ± 0.06aA | 0.21 ± 0.01aA | 0.25 ± 0.03aA |
pH值 pH value | 5.11 ± 0.14aA | 5.10 ± 0.04aA | 4.91 ± 0.16aA | 5.25 ± 0.17aA | 5.11 ± 0.02aA | 5.13 ± 0.10aA |
全碳 Total carbon (g·kg-1) | 20.98 ± 2.75aA | 12.41 ± 1.75bA | 16.49 ± 0.47bB | 16.68 ± 0.44aB | 12.77 ± 0.09bA | 14.71 ± 3.00abA |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.42 ± 0.09aA | 0.93 ± 0.12cA | 1.14 ± 0.02bB | 1.14 ± 0.09aB | 0.88 ± 0.07bA | 1.02 ± 0.19abA |
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (mg·kg-1) | 49.15 ± 8.37aA | 29.77 ± 9.46bA | 55.58 ± 8.7aA | 48.86 ± 6.76aA | 47.11 ± 10.09aA | 49.52 ± 6.46aA |
可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 2.08 ± 0.02aA | 1.85 ± 0.09aA | 0.74 ± 0.15bB | 2.26 ± 0.36aA | 2.18 ± 0.43aA | 1.86 ± 0.44aA |
NH4+ (mg·kg-1) | 37.49 ± 0.69bA | 26.5 ± 3.21cA | 52.6 ± 0.6aA | 26.99 ± 4.01bB | 22.04 ± 3.12aA | 29.63 ± 4.41aB |
矿质氮 Mineral nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 38.08 ± 0.52bA | 27.22 ± 3.31cA | 53.05 ± 0.82aA | 27.96 ± 3.94aB | 22.37 ± 3.24bA | 30.98 ± 4.41aB |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg-1) | 315 ± 33abA | 225 ± 66bA | 371 ± 57aA | 258 ± 17aB | 171 ± 5cA | 221 ± 23bB |
微生物生物量氮 Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 29.33 ± 6.30aA | 13.41 ± 2.27bA | 26.38 ± 5.36aA | 36.56 ± 3.49aA | 14.61 ± 2.58cA | 23.05 ± 5.07bA |
表3 两种米槠林添加和去除凋落物处理土壤理化性质和微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮含量的变化(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)
Table 3 Soil physical, chemical properties and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in the litter removal, control, and litter addition treatments plots in the two Castanopsis carlesii forests (mean ± SD, n = 3)
项目 Item | 米槠次生林 Secondary Castanopsis carlesii forest | 米槠人促更新次生林 Human-assisted naturally regenerated Castanopsis carlesii forest | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 凋落物去除 No litter | 凋落物添加 Double litter | 对照 Control | 凋落物去除 No litter | 凋落物添加 Double litter | |
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 0.30 ± 0.00aA | 0.23 ± 0.01bA | 0.29 ± 0.03abA | 0.26 ± 0.06aA | 0.21 ± 0.01aA | 0.25 ± 0.03aA |
pH值 pH value | 5.11 ± 0.14aA | 5.10 ± 0.04aA | 4.91 ± 0.16aA | 5.25 ± 0.17aA | 5.11 ± 0.02aA | 5.13 ± 0.10aA |
全碳 Total carbon (g·kg-1) | 20.98 ± 2.75aA | 12.41 ± 1.75bA | 16.49 ± 0.47bB | 16.68 ± 0.44aB | 12.77 ± 0.09bA | 14.71 ± 3.00abA |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.42 ± 0.09aA | 0.93 ± 0.12cA | 1.14 ± 0.02bB | 1.14 ± 0.09aB | 0.88 ± 0.07bA | 1.02 ± 0.19abA |
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (mg·kg-1) | 49.15 ± 8.37aA | 29.77 ± 9.46bA | 55.58 ± 8.7aA | 48.86 ± 6.76aA | 47.11 ± 10.09aA | 49.52 ± 6.46aA |
可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 2.08 ± 0.02aA | 1.85 ± 0.09aA | 0.74 ± 0.15bB | 2.26 ± 0.36aA | 2.18 ± 0.43aA | 1.86 ± 0.44aA |
NH4+ (mg·kg-1) | 37.49 ± 0.69bA | 26.5 ± 3.21cA | 52.6 ± 0.6aA | 26.99 ± 4.01bB | 22.04 ± 3.12aA | 29.63 ± 4.41aB |
矿质氮 Mineral nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 38.08 ± 0.52bA | 27.22 ± 3.31cA | 53.05 ± 0.82aA | 27.96 ± 3.94aB | 22.37 ± 3.24bA | 30.98 ± 4.41aB |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg-1) | 315 ± 33abA | 225 ± 66bA | 371 ± 57aA | 258 ± 17aB | 171 ± 5cA | 221 ± 23bB |
微生物生物量氮 Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 29.33 ± 6.30aA | 13.41 ± 2.27bA | 26.38 ± 5.36aA | 36.56 ± 3.49aA | 14.61 ± 2.58cA | 23.05 ± 5.07bA |
图1 次生林和人促林中凋落物添加和去除后土壤酶活性的变化(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。小写字母表示同一林分下不同处理间的差异性(p < 0.05), 大写字母表示不同林分同一处理间的差异性(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Soil enzyme activities under litter removal, control, and litter addition treatments in the two Castanopsis carlesii forests (mean ± SD, n = 3). The lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments in the same forests (p < 0.05), the capital letters mean significant differences between the two forests under the same treatment (p < 0.05).
项目 Item | 酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase | β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-glucosidase | 纤维素水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase | β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosam- inidase | 酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | 过氧化酶 Peroxidase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 0.545* | 0.327 | 0.344 | 0.504* | 0.221 | -0.230 |
全碳 Total carbon | 0.638** | 0.312 | -0.003 | 0.751** | 0.119 | -0.164 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 0.830** | 0.499* | 0.248 | 0.807** | 0.245 | -0.109 |
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon | 0.274 | 0.225 | -0.175 | 0.195 | -0.391 | -0.624** |
可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen | 0.060 | -0.140 | -0.534* | -0.139 | -0.205 | 0.105 |
NH4+ | 0.362 | 0.296 | 0.527* | 0.411 | 0.035 | -0.279 |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon | 0.523* | 0.488* | 0.531* | 0.524* | 0.252 | -0.163 |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass nitrogen | 0.648** | 0.498* | -0.118 | 0.231 | -0.150 | -0.608** |
表4 土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质和微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮的相关关系
Table 4 Correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil physical, chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen
项目 Item | 酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase | β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-glucosidase | 纤维素水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase | β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosam- inidase | 酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | 过氧化酶 Peroxidase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 0.545* | 0.327 | 0.344 | 0.504* | 0.221 | -0.230 |
全碳 Total carbon | 0.638** | 0.312 | -0.003 | 0.751** | 0.119 | -0.164 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 0.830** | 0.499* | 0.248 | 0.807** | 0.245 | -0.109 |
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon | 0.274 | 0.225 | -0.175 | 0.195 | -0.391 | -0.624** |
可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen | 0.060 | -0.140 | -0.534* | -0.139 | -0.205 | 0.105 |
NH4+ | 0.362 | 0.296 | 0.527* | 0.411 | 0.035 | -0.279 |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon | 0.523* | 0.488* | 0.531* | 0.524* | 0.252 | -0.163 |
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass nitrogen | 0.648** | 0.498* | -0.118 | 0.231 | -0.150 | -0.608** |
图2 土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质和微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮冗余分析。
Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis on the relationship of soil enzyme activity and soil physical, chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen.
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