长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.020

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 176-182.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.020

长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响

刘恩科¹^,³, 赵秉强¹^,³^,^*(), 李秀英¹, 姜瑞波¹, 李燕婷¹, Hwat Bing So²

1 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
2 昆士兰大学土地和食品科学学院, 布里斯班 4072, 澳大利亚
3 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2006-10-12 接受日期:2007-10-09 出版日期:2008-10-12 发布日期:2008-01-30
通讯作者: 赵秉强
作者简介:* E-mail: bqzhao@sohu.com
第一联系人：
本文在农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室完成
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30471012);国家基础研究重大项目前期研究专项(2001CCB00800);国家基础研究重大项目前期研究专项(2003 CCB00300);中国农业科学院杰出人才基金项目

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF ARABLE SOILS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

LIU En-Ke¹^,³, ZHAO Bing-Qiang¹^,³^,^*(), LI Xiu-Ying¹, JIANG Rui-Bo¹, LI Yan-Ting¹, HWAT Bing So²

¹Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
²School of Land and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
³Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2006-10-12 Accepted:2007-10-09 Online:2008-10-12 Published:2008-01-30
Contact: ZHAO Bing-Qiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文以北京国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地的长期肥料定位试验为平台,研究了长期不同施肥制度对土壤的生物学特性及其土壤酶的影响。主要研究结果:长期撂荒土壤(15年)的有机质和全氮(TN)的含量、微生物量碳(SMB-C)和氮(SMB-N)、土壤的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性以及SMB-C/SOC(土壤有机碳)和SMB-N/TN比值都高于种植作物的农田土壤;而其代谢商和容重值低于农田土壤。长期施肥的农田(NPK、NPKM、NPKS和NPKF),其土壤养分含量、微生物量碳和氮以及土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性均高于不施肥的农田(CK);而小麦(Triticum aestivum)-玉米(Zea mays)→小麦-大豆(Glycine max)复种轮作(NPKF)的农田又高于长期复种连作(NPK)的农田;在施肥处理中(NPK、NPKM、NPKS和NPKF),长期化肥与有机肥配合施用的处理(NPKM)的土壤上述指标高于其它施肥处理(NPK、NPKS和NPKF),但其土壤的代谢商、pH值和容重值较低。

关键词: 长期肥料试验, 施肥制度, 土壤微生物量, qCO₂, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

Aims Cropping practices and fertilizer/organic matter application affects the soil microbial growth and activity. In china, only few studies have been conducted on the influence of long-term fertilizer and organic matter with fertilizer application on the soil biological properties. Our objective was to study the changes in soil biological and biochemical characteristics under a long-term (15 years) field experiment involving fertility treatments (inorganic fertilizers and organic matter with fertilizers) and two crop rotation systems.
Methods In 1990, thirteen different treatments were established in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing for the long-term experiment. Six treatments were chosen in this study. Four were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving no fertilizer (CK), mineral fertilizers (NPK), mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure (NPKM) and mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated (NPKS). One was in a wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation receiving NPK (NPKF). The other was abandoned arable land (CK0) growing weeds. The amount of chemical fertilizer per year was N 150 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 45 kg·hm^-2, manure 22.5 Mg·hm^-2 and maize straw 2.25 Mg·hm^-2. Established methods were used to analyze soil enzymes and soil physical and chemical characteristics. Analysis was done using an integrative method combining correlation and component analyses in SPSS.
Important findings The soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) content, microbial biomass C (SMB-C) & N (SMB-N), activities of soil invertase, phosphatase and urease, and the ratio of SMB-C/SOC and SMB-N/STN were found higher in long-term (15 years) abandoned arable land than those in cultivated arable land soils. However, the soil metabolic quotient, pH value and bulk density of fallow soil were lower than those in cultivated arable land soils. The soil nutrient concentration, microbial biomass C & N, activities of soil invertase, phosphatase and urease, were higher in treatments with fertilizer application (NPK, NPKM, NPKS and NPKF) compared to no fertilizer application treatment (CK). The above soil parameters were also found higher in wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation cropping system compared to continuous wheat-maize cropping system. Among the fertilizer application treatments (NPK, NPKM, NPKS and NPKF), NPKM had relative higher soil nutrient concentration, microbial biomass C & N, and enzyme activities compared to other fertilizer application treatments. However, the soil metabolic quotient, pH value and bulk density of NPKM were lower than them.

Key words: long-term fertilization experiment, fertilization systems, soil microbial biomass, qCO₂, soil enzyme activity

刘恩科, 赵秉强, 李秀英, 姜瑞波, 李燕婷, Hwat Bing So. 长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 176-182. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.020

LIU En-Ke, ZHAO Bing-Qiang, LI Xiu-Ying, JIANG Rui-Bo, LI Yan-Ting, HWAT Bing So. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF ARABLE SOILS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 176-182. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.020

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图/表 4

表1 不同施肥制度对土壤基本理化性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of long-term different fertilization systems on soil physic-chemical properties (0-20 cm)

处理 Treatments	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Avaiable P (mg·kg^-1)	pH (H₂O)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
CK	10.36^c	0.59^d	0.56^d	2.21^d	8.48^a	1.341^a
NPK	12.55^b	0.69^cd	0.72^bc	14.88^c	8.30^b	1.334^a
NPKM	16.79^a	1.13^a	1.54^a	139.14^a	8.21^b	1.312^a
NPKS	13.70^b	0.80^bc	0.76^b	18.89^b	8.24^b	1.328^a
NPKF	14.11^b	0.85^b	0.75^b	18.97^b	8.22^b	1.326^a
CK0	18.92^a	1.17^a	0.61^cd	2.58^d	8.29^b	1.118^b

表2 不同施肥制度对土壤微生物量碳氮含量的影响

Table 2 The effect of long-term different fertilization systems on soil microbial biomass C and N of soil (0-20 cm)

处理Treatments	SMB-C(mg·kg^-1)	SMB-N(mg·kg^-1)	SMB-C/SOC(%)	SMB-N/TN(%)	土壤微生物碳氮比 SMB-C/SMB-N
CK	133.28^d	16.97^e	2.22^c	2.86^d	7.86^a
NPK	167.94^cd	32.53^d	2.31^b	4.73^c	5.16^b
NPKM	226.95^b	59.53^b	2.33^b	5.28^b	3.81^d
NPKS	181.82^c	39.09^cd	2.29^bc	4.91^c	4.65^c
NPKF	194.02^c	43.96^c	2.37^b	5.16^b	4.41^c
CK0	282.57^a	70.17^a	2.58^a	5.98^a	4.03^cd

图1 不同施肥制度对土壤基础呼吸和代谢商的影响各个处理见表1 相同字母表示处理间差异不显著

Fig.1 Effects of long-term different fertilization systems on basal respiration and the metabolic quotient in the 0-20 cm soil layer Treatments see Fig. 1 Means associated with the same letter are not significantly different (p≤0.05)

图2 不同施肥制度对土壤酶活性的影响图注见图1

Fig.2 Changes in soil enzymatic activities in long-term different fertilization systems Notes see Fig. 1

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长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF ARABLE SOILS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

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