Distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil salinity at Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The Tamarix cone is a coppice dune, which is a specific bio-geographical phenomenon in the Taklimakan Desert, helpful for stabilizing and maintaining the structure and function of desert ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the soil salinity of Tamarix cones at different sites.
Methods Tamarix cones were selected to investigate the spatial variations of soil salinity. Soil samples (0- 500 cm) were collected for soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), HCO₃ ^-, Cl ^-, SO₄ ^2-, Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, K ⁺ and Na ⁺ content analysis.
Important findings 1) From Qiemo to Aral, Qira and Tazhong, soil pH generally increased, soil litter content decreased first and then increased, soil electrical conductivity (EC), Na ⁺, Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺ and SO₄ ^2- content decreased, and K ⁺、Cl ^-、HCO₃ ^-content had no obvious change. 2) For the distribution layer, salt accumulation in the upper soil was significant within the Qiemo and Qira of Tamarix cones, and within the Aral and Tazhong, there was a significant pattern of salt accumulation along the soil profile. However, with increasing soil depth, soil pH generally increased and soil litter content decreased, soil EC at Qiemo and Qira generally decreased, and soil EC content showed the trend of decrease-increase-decrease at Aral, and the trend of increase-decrease-increase at Tazhong. 3) Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that soil litter content, SO₄ ^2-, K ⁺ and Na ⁺ content mainly affected soil salt content at Qiemo, where soil salt was mainly composed of sulfate. The major ion was Cl ^-, Na ⁺at Aral, Cl ^-, Na ⁺ and K ⁺at Qira, and Cl ^-, Na ⁺, Ca ⁺ and SO₄ ^2-at Tazhong. Therefore, soil salinity at Tamarix cones had an obvious spatial variability among different habitats. Soil salinity variation at Tamarix cones were closely related to the intensive evaporation, wind erosion, groundwater depth, litter content and the salinity of Tamarix chinensis, which was the key factor affecting the distribution of soil salinity at different sites.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201808008

Key words: Tamarix cone, different sites, soil salinity, principal component analysis, Taklimakan Desert

DONG Zheng-Wu, ZHAO Ying, LEI Jia-Qiang, XI Yin-Qiao. Distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil salinity at Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(8): 873-884.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060

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Figures/Tables 8

References 35

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样区 Site	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)
且末 Qiemo	84.68°	38.03°	6.0	10.68	27.97	2 360.6
阿拉尔 Aral	81.25°	40.42°	8.0-10.0	10.97	51.54	1 813.2
策勒 Qira	80.69°	37.04°	11.0-16.0	12.52	41.67	2 790.2
塔中 Tazhong	83.67°	39.06°	5.5	11.82	25.11	3 559.6

样区 Site	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)
且末 Qiemo	84.68°	38.03°	6.0	10.68	27.97	2 360.6
阿拉尔 Aral	81.25°	40.42°	8.0-10.0	10.97	51.54	1 813.2
策勒 Qira	80.69°	37.04°	11.0-16.0	12.52	41.67	2 790.2
塔中 Tazhong	83.67°	39.06°	5.5	11.82	25.11	3 559.6

区域 Site	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准偏差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
且末 Qiemo	0-60	26.400	30.580	28.553	2.093	4.380	0.073
	60-160	21.580	23.230	22.552	0.719	0.517	0.032
	160-260	12.350	19.400	16.448	2.714	7.365	0.165
	260-360	13.000	16.830	14.515	1.673	2.799	0.115
	360-500	9.500	13.800	11.052	1.632	2.665	0.148
阿拉尔 Aral	0-60	5.750	7.200	6.508	0.727	0.529	0.112
	60-160	4.430	8.750	5.495	1.829	3.347	0.333
	160-260	4.150	9.630	7.370	2.146	4.605	0.291
	260-360	3.800	5.400	4.413	0.682	0.465	0.155
	360-500	3.330	4.100	3.663	0.323	0.104	0.088
策勒 Qira	0-60	4.950	6.430	5.660	0.742	0.550	0.131
	60-160	3.180	4.400	3.642	0.469	0.220	0.129
	160-260	2.030	3.230	2.750	0.448	0.201	0.163
	260-360	2.280	3.500	2.867	0.475	0.226	0.166
	360-500	1.980	3.600	2.480	0.588	0.346	0.237
塔中 Tazhong	0-60	1.450	1.950	1.693	0.250	0.063	0.148
	60-160	1.580	4.430	3.074	1.187	1.410	0.386
	160-260	1.550	2.980	1.978	0.574	0.329	0.290
	260-360	0.600	1.280	1.009	0.229	0.053	0.227
	360-500	3.680	4.330	4.047	0.333	0.111	0.082

区域 Site	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准偏差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
且末 Qiemo	0-60	26.400	30.580	28.553	2.093	4.380	0.073
	60-160	21.580	23.230	22.552	0.719	0.517	0.032
	160-260	12.350	19.400	16.448	2.714	7.365	0.165
	260-360	13.000	16.830	14.515	1.673	2.799	0.115
	360-500	9.500	13.800	11.052	1.632	2.665	0.148
阿拉尔 Aral	0-60	5.750	7.200	6.508	0.727	0.529	0.112
	60-160	4.430	8.750	5.495	1.829	3.347	0.333
	160-260	4.150	9.630	7.370	2.146	4.605	0.291
	260-360	3.800	5.400	4.413	0.682	0.465	0.155
	360-500	3.330	4.100	3.663	0.323	0.104	0.088
策勒 Qira	0-60	4.950	6.430	5.660	0.742	0.550	0.131
	60-160	3.180	4.400	3.642	0.469	0.220	0.129
	160-260	2.030	3.230	2.750	0.448	0.201	0.163
	260-360	2.280	3.500	2.867	0.475	0.226	0.166
	360-500	1.980	3.600	2.480	0.588	0.346	0.237
塔中 Tazhong	0-60	1.450	1.950	1.693	0.250	0.063	0.148
	60-160	1.580	4.430	3.074	1.187	1.410	0.386
	160-260	1.550	2.980	1.978	0.574	0.329	0.290
	260-360	0.600	1.280	1.009	0.229	0.053	0.227
	360-500	3.680	4.330	4.047	0.333	0.111	0.082

区域 Site	指标 Item	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity (EC)	土壤枯落物 Soil litters (SL)	HCO₃^-	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺
且末 Qiemo	EC	-0.756^**
	SL	-0.269	0.550^**
	HCO₃^-	-0.699^**	0.898^**	0.680^**
	Cl^-	-0.783^**	0.972^**	0.463^*	0.838^**
	SO₄^2-	-0.739^**	0.697^**	0.366	0.667^**	0.659^**
	K⁺	-0.351	0.799^**	0.648^**	0.770^**	0.717^**	0.410^*
	Na⁺	-0.411^*	0.782^**	0.562^**	0.694^**	0.709^**	0.443^*	0.917^**
	Ca²⁺	-0.658^**	0.894^**	0.551^**	0.834^**	0.880^**	0.704^**	0.708^**	0.627^**
	Mg²⁺	-0.079	0.151	-0.335	0.044	0.169	-0.082	0.258	0.124	0.09
阿拉尔 Aral	EC	-0.312
	SL	-0.670^**	0.329
	HCO₃^-	-0.486^*	0.623^**	0.547^**
	Cl^-	0.202	0.415^*	0.066	-0.109
	SO₄^2-	-0.168	0.206	0.099	0.090	0.105
	K⁺	-0.538^**	0.649^**	0.597^**	0.441^*	0.448^*	0.291
	Na⁺	-0.324	0.909^**	0.342	0.653^**	0.231	0.103	0.618^**
	Ca²⁺	-0.490^*	0.689^**	0.310	0.639^**	-0.339	0.093	0.350	0.763^**
	Mg²⁺	-0.369	0.268	0.080	0.001	-0.009	0.550^**	0.410^*	0.141	0.292
策勒 Qira	EC	-0.794^**
	SL	-0.420^*	0.610^**
	HCO₃^-	-0.334	0.291	0.236
	Cl^-	-0.758^**	0.988^**	0.565^**	0.301
	SO₄^2-	-0.462^*	0.482^*	0.087	0.220	0.477^*
	K⁺	-0.706^**	0.941^**	0.645^**	0.205	0.920^**	0.450^*
	Na⁺	-0.771^**	0.984^**	0.566^**	0.251	0.981^**	0.497^**	0.933^**
	Ca²⁺	-0.725^**	0.944^**	0.590^**	0.326	0.926^**	0.426^*	0.866^**	0.886^**
	Mg²⁺	-0.202	0.258	0.325	0.145	0.251	0.529^**	0.229	0.297	0.118
塔中 Tazhong	EC	-0.159
	SL	-0.441^*	-0.057
	HCO₃^-	-0.256	0.011	0.643^**
	Cl^-	-0.551^**	0.161	0.183	0.361
	SO₄^2-	-0.290	0.390	0.074	-0.038	0.167
	K⁺	-0.769^**	0.349	0.579^**	0.475^*	0.641^**	0.276
	Na⁺	-0.524^*	0.140	0.293	0.450^*	0.873^**	0.057	0.666^**
	Ca²⁺	-0.458^*	0.103	0.565^**	0.254	0.664^**	0.069	0.672^**	0.619^**
	Mg²⁺	-0.260	0.285	0.038	-0.233	0.135	0.559^**	0.382	-0.038	0.206