Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 873-884.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060
• Research Articles • Previous Articles
DONG Zheng-Wu1,2,ZHAO Ying1,*(),LEI Jia-Qiang1,XI Yin-Qiao1
Received:
2018-03-22
Online:
2018-08-20
Published:
2018-12-07
Contact:
Ying ZHAO
Supported by:
DONG Zheng-Wu, ZHAO Ying, LEI Jia-Qiang, XI Yin-Qiao. Distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil salinity at Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(8): 873-884.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060
样区 Site | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 地下水 埋深 Groundwater depth (m) | 年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃) | 年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) | 年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | 84.68° | 38.03° | 6.0 | 10.68 | 27.97 | 2 360.6 |
阿拉尔 Aral | 81.25° | 40.42° | 8.0-10.0 | 10.97 | 51.54 | 1 813.2 |
策勒 Qira | 80.69° | 37.04° | 11.0-16.0 | 12.52 | 41.67 | 2 790.2 |
塔中 Tazhong | 83.67° | 39.06° | 5.5 | 11.82 | 25.11 | 3 559.6 |
Table 1 Meteorological data, groundwater depth and location of the sampling sites
样区 Site | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 地下水 埋深 Groundwater depth (m) | 年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃) | 年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) | 年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | 84.68° | 38.03° | 6.0 | 10.68 | 27.97 | 2 360.6 |
阿拉尔 Aral | 81.25° | 40.42° | 8.0-10.0 | 10.97 | 51.54 | 1 813.2 |
策勒 Qira | 80.69° | 37.04° | 11.0-16.0 | 12.52 | 41.67 | 2 790.2 |
塔中 Tazhong | 83.67° | 39.06° | 5.5 | 11.82 | 25.11 | 3 559.6 |
区域 Site | 土壤深度 Soil depth (cm) | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 均值 Mean | 标准 偏差 Standard deviation | 方差 Variance | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | 0-60 | 26.400 | 30.580 | 28.553 | 2.093 | 4.380 | 0.073 |
60-160 | 21.580 | 23.230 | 22.552 | 0.719 | 0.517 | 0.032 | |
160-260 | 12.350 | 19.400 | 16.448 | 2.714 | 7.365 | 0.165 | |
260-360 | 13.000 | 16.830 | 14.515 | 1.673 | 2.799 | 0.115 | |
360-500 | 9.500 | 13.800 | 11.052 | 1.632 | 2.665 | 0.148 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | 0-60 | 5.750 | 7.200 | 6.508 | 0.727 | 0.529 | 0.112 |
60-160 | 4.430 | 8.750 | 5.495 | 1.829 | 3.347 | 0.333 | |
160-260 | 4.150 | 9.630 | 7.370 | 2.146 | 4.605 | 0.291 | |
260-360 | 3.800 | 5.400 | 4.413 | 0.682 | 0.465 | 0.155 | |
360-500 | 3.330 | 4.100 | 3.663 | 0.323 | 0.104 | 0.088 | |
策勒 Qira | 0-60 | 4.950 | 6.430 | 5.660 | 0.742 | 0.550 | 0.131 |
60-160 | 3.180 | 4.400 | 3.642 | 0.469 | 0.220 | 0.129 | |
160-260 | 2.030 | 3.230 | 2.750 | 0.448 | 0.201 | 0.163 | |
260-360 | 2.280 | 3.500 | 2.867 | 0.475 | 0.226 | 0.166 | |
360-500 | 1.980 | 3.600 | 2.480 | 0.588 | 0.346 | 0.237 | |
塔中 Tazhong | 0-60 | 1.450 | 1.950 | 1.693 | 0.250 | 0.063 | 0.148 |
60-160 | 1.580 | 4.430 | 3.074 | 1.187 | 1.410 | 0.386 | |
160-260 | 1.550 | 2.980 | 1.978 | 0.574 | 0.329 | 0.290 | |
260-360 | 0.600 | 1.280 | 1.009 | 0.229 | 0.053 | 0.227 | |
360-500 | 3.680 | 4.330 | 4.047 | 0.333 | 0.111 | 0.082 |
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of soil electrical conductivity
区域 Site | 土壤深度 Soil depth (cm) | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 均值 Mean | 标准 偏差 Standard deviation | 方差 Variance | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | 0-60 | 26.400 | 30.580 | 28.553 | 2.093 | 4.380 | 0.073 |
60-160 | 21.580 | 23.230 | 22.552 | 0.719 | 0.517 | 0.032 | |
160-260 | 12.350 | 19.400 | 16.448 | 2.714 | 7.365 | 0.165 | |
260-360 | 13.000 | 16.830 | 14.515 | 1.673 | 2.799 | 0.115 | |
360-500 | 9.500 | 13.800 | 11.052 | 1.632 | 2.665 | 0.148 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | 0-60 | 5.750 | 7.200 | 6.508 | 0.727 | 0.529 | 0.112 |
60-160 | 4.430 | 8.750 | 5.495 | 1.829 | 3.347 | 0.333 | |
160-260 | 4.150 | 9.630 | 7.370 | 2.146 | 4.605 | 0.291 | |
260-360 | 3.800 | 5.400 | 4.413 | 0.682 | 0.465 | 0.155 | |
360-500 | 3.330 | 4.100 | 3.663 | 0.323 | 0.104 | 0.088 | |
策勒 Qira | 0-60 | 4.950 | 6.430 | 5.660 | 0.742 | 0.550 | 0.131 |
60-160 | 3.180 | 4.400 | 3.642 | 0.469 | 0.220 | 0.129 | |
160-260 | 2.030 | 3.230 | 2.750 | 0.448 | 0.201 | 0.163 | |
260-360 | 2.280 | 3.500 | 2.867 | 0.475 | 0.226 | 0.166 | |
360-500 | 1.980 | 3.600 | 2.480 | 0.588 | 0.346 | 0.237 | |
塔中 Tazhong | 0-60 | 1.450 | 1.950 | 1.693 | 0.250 | 0.063 | 0.148 |
60-160 | 1.580 | 4.430 | 3.074 | 1.187 | 1.410 | 0.386 | |
160-260 | 1.550 | 2.980 | 1.978 | 0.574 | 0.329 | 0.290 | |
260-360 | 0.600 | 1.280 | 1.009 | 0.229 | 0.053 | 0.227 | |
360-500 | 3.680 | 4.330 | 4.047 | 0.333 | 0.111 | 0.082 |
区域 Site | 指标 Item | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (EC) | 土壤枯落物 Soil litters (SL) | HCO3- | Cl- | SO42- | K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | EC | -0.756** | ||||||||
SL | -0.269 | 0.550** | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.699** | 0.898** | 0.680** | |||||||
Cl- | -0.783** | 0.972** | 0.463* | 0.838** | ||||||
SO42- | -0.739** | 0.697** | 0.366 | 0.667** | 0.659** | |||||
K+ | -0.351 | 0.799** | 0.648** | 0.770** | 0.717** | 0.410* | ||||
Na+ | -0.411* | 0.782** | 0.562** | 0.694** | 0.709** | 0.443* | 0.917** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.658** | 0.894** | 0.551** | 0.834** | 0.880** | 0.704** | 0.708** | 0.627** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.079 | 0.151 | -0.335 | 0.044 | 0.169 | -0.082 | 0.258 | 0.124 | 0.09 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | EC | -0.312 | ||||||||
SL | -0.670** | 0.329 | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.486* | 0.623** | 0.547** | |||||||
Cl- | 0.202 | 0.415* | 0.066 | -0.109 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.168 | 0.206 | 0.099 | 0.090 | 0.105 | |||||
K+ | -0.538** | 0.649** | 0.597** | 0.441* | 0.448* | 0.291 | ||||
Na+ | -0.324 | 0.909** | 0.342 | 0.653** | 0.231 | 0.103 | 0.618** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.490* | 0.689** | 0.310 | 0.639** | -0.339 | 0.093 | 0.350 | 0.763** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.369 | 0.268 | 0.080 | 0.001 | -0.009 | 0.550** | 0.410* | 0.141 | 0.292 | |
策勒 Qira | EC | -0.794** | ||||||||
SL | -0.420* | 0.610** | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.334 | 0.291 | 0.236 | |||||||
Cl- | -0.758** | 0.988** | 0.565** | 0.301 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.462* | 0.482* | 0.087 | 0.220 | 0.477* | |||||
K+ | -0.706** | 0.941** | 0.645** | 0.205 | 0.920** | 0.450* | ||||
Na+ | -0.771** | 0.984** | 0.566** | 0.251 | 0.981** | 0.497** | 0.933** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.725** | 0.944** | 0.590** | 0.326 | 0.926** | 0.426* | 0.866** | 0.886** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.202 | 0.258 | 0.325 | 0.145 | 0.251 | 0.529** | 0.229 | 0.297 | 0.118 | |
塔中 Tazhong | EC | -0.159 | ||||||||
SL | -0.441* | -0.057 | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.256 | 0.011 | 0.643** | |||||||
Cl- | -0.551** | 0.161 | 0.183 | 0.361 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.290 | 0.390 | 0.074 | -0.038 | 0.167 | |||||
K+ | -0.769** | 0.349 | 0.579** | 0.475* | 0.641** | 0.276 | ||||
Na+ | -0.524* | 0.140 | 0.293 | 0.450* | 0.873** | 0.057 | 0.666** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.458* | 0.103 | 0.565** | 0.254 | 0.664** | 0.069 | 0.672** | 0.619** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.260 | 0.285 | 0.038 | -0.233 | 0.135 | 0.559** | 0.382 | -0.038 | 0.206 |
Table 3 Correlation coefficient matrix of soil indexes
区域 Site | 指标 Item | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (EC) | 土壤枯落物 Soil litters (SL) | HCO3- | Cl- | SO42- | K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | EC | -0.756** | ||||||||
SL | -0.269 | 0.550** | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.699** | 0.898** | 0.680** | |||||||
Cl- | -0.783** | 0.972** | 0.463* | 0.838** | ||||||
SO42- | -0.739** | 0.697** | 0.366 | 0.667** | 0.659** | |||||
K+ | -0.351 | 0.799** | 0.648** | 0.770** | 0.717** | 0.410* | ||||
Na+ | -0.411* | 0.782** | 0.562** | 0.694** | 0.709** | 0.443* | 0.917** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.658** | 0.894** | 0.551** | 0.834** | 0.880** | 0.704** | 0.708** | 0.627** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.079 | 0.151 | -0.335 | 0.044 | 0.169 | -0.082 | 0.258 | 0.124 | 0.09 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | EC | -0.312 | ||||||||
SL | -0.670** | 0.329 | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.486* | 0.623** | 0.547** | |||||||
Cl- | 0.202 | 0.415* | 0.066 | -0.109 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.168 | 0.206 | 0.099 | 0.090 | 0.105 | |||||
K+ | -0.538** | 0.649** | 0.597** | 0.441* | 0.448* | 0.291 | ||||
Na+ | -0.324 | 0.909** | 0.342 | 0.653** | 0.231 | 0.103 | 0.618** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.490* | 0.689** | 0.310 | 0.639** | -0.339 | 0.093 | 0.350 | 0.763** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.369 | 0.268 | 0.080 | 0.001 | -0.009 | 0.550** | 0.410* | 0.141 | 0.292 | |
策勒 Qira | EC | -0.794** | ||||||||
SL | -0.420* | 0.610** | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.334 | 0.291 | 0.236 | |||||||
Cl- | -0.758** | 0.988** | 0.565** | 0.301 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.462* | 0.482* | 0.087 | 0.220 | 0.477* | |||||
K+ | -0.706** | 0.941** | 0.645** | 0.205 | 0.920** | 0.450* | ||||
Na+ | -0.771** | 0.984** | 0.566** | 0.251 | 0.981** | 0.497** | 0.933** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.725** | 0.944** | 0.590** | 0.326 | 0.926** | 0.426* | 0.866** | 0.886** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.202 | 0.258 | 0.325 | 0.145 | 0.251 | 0.529** | 0.229 | 0.297 | 0.118 | |
塔中 Tazhong | EC | -0.159 | ||||||||
SL | -0.441* | -0.057 | ||||||||
HCO3- | -0.256 | 0.011 | 0.643** | |||||||
Cl- | -0.551** | 0.161 | 0.183 | 0.361 | ||||||
SO42- | -0.290 | 0.390 | 0.074 | -0.038 | 0.167 | |||||
K+ | -0.769** | 0.349 | 0.579** | 0.475* | 0.641** | 0.276 | ||||
Na+ | -0.524* | 0.140 | 0.293 | 0.450* | 0.873** | 0.057 | 0.666** | |||
Ca2+ | -0.458* | 0.103 | 0.565** | 0.254 | 0.664** | 0.069 | 0.672** | 0.619** | ||
Mg2+ | -0.260 | 0.285 | 0.038 | -0.233 | 0.135 | 0.559** | 0.382 | -0.038 | 0.206 |
区域 Site | 主成分因子 principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Rate of variance (%) | 累积贡献率 Cumulative rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | F1 | 3.866 | 38.658 | 38.658 |
F2 | 3.743 | 37.430 | 76.088 | |
F3 | 1.291 | 12.908 | 88.996 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | F1 | 3.852 | 38.519 | 38.519 |
F2 | 2.508 | 25.079 | 63.598 | |
F3 | 1.812 | 18.118 | 81.716 | |
策勒 Qira | F1 | 5.618 | 56.184 | 56.184 |
F2 | 1.879 | 18.787 | 74.971 | |
塔中 Tazhong | F1 | 5.096 | 50.964 | 50.964 |
F2 | 1.934 | 19.336 | 70.301 | |
F3 | 1.732 | 17.321 | 87.621 |
Table 4 Eigenvalues and variance contribution of principal component analysis
区域 Site | 主成分因子 principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Rate of variance (%) | 累积贡献率 Cumulative rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
且末 Qiemo | F1 | 3.866 | 38.658 | 38.658 |
F2 | 3.743 | 37.430 | 76.088 | |
F3 | 1.291 | 12.908 | 88.996 | |
阿拉尔 Aral | F1 | 3.852 | 38.519 | 38.519 |
F2 | 2.508 | 25.079 | 63.598 | |
F3 | 1.812 | 18.118 | 81.716 | |
策勒 Qira | F1 | 5.618 | 56.184 | 56.184 |
F2 | 1.879 | 18.787 | 74.971 | |
塔中 Tazhong | F1 | 5.096 | 50.964 | 50.964 |
F2 | 1.934 | 19.336 | 70.301 | |
F3 | 1.732 | 17.321 | 87.621 |
因子 Factor | 且末 Qiemo | 阿拉尔 Aral | 策勒 Qira | 塔中 Tazhong | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F1 | F2 | F1 | F2 | F3 | |
HCO3- | 0.097 | 0.108 | -0.060 | 0.034 | 0.278 | -0.246 | 0.002 | 0.159 | 0.147 | -0.006 | 0.051 |
Cl- | 0.186 | 0.016 | 0.101 | 0.300 | -0.145 | 0.008 | 0.176 | -0.026 | 0.268 | -0.213 | 0.016 |
SO42- | 0.367 | -0.210 | -0.130 | -0.003 | -0.042 | 0.444 | -0.106 | 0.527 | -0.220 | 0.670 | -0.011 |
K+ | -0.207 | 0.397 | 0.128 | 0.107 | 0.151 | 0.131 | 0.181 | -0.055 | 0.104 | 0.156 | 0.041 |
Na+ | -0.161 | 0.345 | 0.073 | 0.276 | -0.076 | -0.096 | 0.164 | 0.003 | 0.282 | -0.247 | -0.022 |
Ca2+ | 0.159 | 0.039 | 0.003 | 0.150 | 0.079 | 0.038 | 0.199 | -0.106 | -0.008 | 0.345 | 0.068 |
Mg2+ | -0.038 | 0.052 | 0.743 | -0.031 | -0.021 | 0.516 | -0.183 | 0.635 | 0.099 | 0.158 | -0.139 |
电导率 Electrical conductivity | 0.137 | 0.076 | 0.069 | 0.281 | -0.100 | 0.008 | 0.180 | -0.029 | 0.246 | -0.147 | -0.019 |
pH | -0.423 | 0.267 | -0.028 | 0.159 | -0.409 | -0.114 | -0.129 | -0.030 | 0.050 | -0.183 | -0.525 |
土壤枯落物 Soil litters | -0.170 | 0.324 | -0.406 | -0.072 | 0.407 | -0.066 | 0.135 | -0.061 | 0.038 | -0.169 | 0.522 |
Table 5 Score coefficient matrix of principal component analysis
因子 Factor | 且末 Qiemo | 阿拉尔 Aral | 策勒 Qira | 塔中 Tazhong | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F1 | F2 | F1 | F2 | F3 | |
HCO3- | 0.097 | 0.108 | -0.060 | 0.034 | 0.278 | -0.246 | 0.002 | 0.159 | 0.147 | -0.006 | 0.051 |
Cl- | 0.186 | 0.016 | 0.101 | 0.300 | -0.145 | 0.008 | 0.176 | -0.026 | 0.268 | -0.213 | 0.016 |
SO42- | 0.367 | -0.210 | -0.130 | -0.003 | -0.042 | 0.444 | -0.106 | 0.527 | -0.220 | 0.670 | -0.011 |
K+ | -0.207 | 0.397 | 0.128 | 0.107 | 0.151 | 0.131 | 0.181 | -0.055 | 0.104 | 0.156 | 0.041 |
Na+ | -0.161 | 0.345 | 0.073 | 0.276 | -0.076 | -0.096 | 0.164 | 0.003 | 0.282 | -0.247 | -0.022 |
Ca2+ | 0.159 | 0.039 | 0.003 | 0.150 | 0.079 | 0.038 | 0.199 | -0.106 | -0.008 | 0.345 | 0.068 |
Mg2+ | -0.038 | 0.052 | 0.743 | -0.031 | -0.021 | 0.516 | -0.183 | 0.635 | 0.099 | 0.158 | -0.139 |
电导率 Electrical conductivity | 0.137 | 0.076 | 0.069 | 0.281 | -0.100 | 0.008 | 0.180 | -0.029 | 0.246 | -0.147 | -0.019 |
pH | -0.423 | 0.267 | -0.028 | 0.159 | -0.409 | -0.114 | -0.129 | -0.030 | 0.050 | -0.183 | -0.525 |
土壤枯落物 Soil litters | -0.170 | 0.324 | -0.406 | -0.072 | 0.407 | -0.066 | 0.135 | -0.061 | 0.038 | -0.169 | 0.522 |
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