鼎湖山针阔混交林锥栗种子距离制约研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0127

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Janzen-Connell 距离制约假说认为:扩散到远离母树地点的种子,更容易逃避种子捕食者和病原体侵染。验证锥栗(Castanopsis chinensis)种子是否支持该假说,可以预测锥栗种群分布格局,解释锥栗种群更新不良的原因。在鼎湖山针阔混交林内,选择离成年母树3、10和15 m处,进行种子放置实验,以及种子消毒和未消毒埋土实验。在无覆盖实验中,10 m处大种子的消失数始终最大,种子离母树距离和种子大小两个因素对种子消失数均没有显著性影响。在排除哺乳动物实验中,种子放置第一周,种子消失数均很少。整个试验期,种子离母树距离和种子大小两个因素对种子消失数也没有显著性影响。在病原体实验中,埋土前两个月,经过消毒的种子袋中种子均保存完好,没有病原体侵染。埋土的种子从第三个月到第六个月,不同距离处的种子,以及消毒和未消毒处理的种子,被侵染数之间均有显著性差异;被侵染的种子数到第六个月趋于稳定。因此,锥栗种子被脊椎动物取食,不呈现距离制约(Distance-dependent)格局;而被病原体侵染的种子命运则支持距离制约假说。

关键词: 锥栗, 种子扩散, 距离制约, 动物捕食, 病原体侵染, 种子大小

Abstract:

Aims The Janzen-Connell hypothesis is that seed survival improves with increased distance from the parental plant. Our objectives were to determine whether the Janzen-Connell hypothesis (1) is supported by Castanopsis chinensis seed survival, (2) can forecast the population's distribution pattern, and (3) explains the reason for limited recruitment.

Methods We selected three mature C. chinensis trees in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of Dinghushan, China and recorded seed mortality with Open treatments (OP), Small Mammal Exclusion experiments (EM) and pathogen infection treatments at 3, 10, and 15 m from the trees.

Important findings In the OP treatment, the number of missing seeds was largest at 10 m; however, seed predation was not significantly affected by distance from tree and seed size. In the EM treatment, few seeds were missing in the first week, and seed predation was not significantly affected by distance and seed size during the study period. In the first two months, seeds with Caoton treatment remained intact, and from the third to the sixth month, the number of seeds infected by pathogens was significantly affected by distance and disinfecting action. After the sixth month, the number of seeds infected by pathogens was relatively constant. These results illustrate that pathogens are related to mortality of seeds of C. chinensis and that this mortality is distance dependent, while the mortality caused by vertebrate animals is not distance dependent.

Key words: Castanopsis chinensis, seed dispersal, distance-dependent, seed predation, pathogen infection, seed size

杜彦君, 彭闪江, 徐国良, 黄忠良, 黄玉佳. 鼎湖山针阔混交林锥栗种子距离制约研究. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 998-1006. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0127

DU Yan-Jun, PENG Shan-Jiang, XU Guo-Liang, HUANG Zhong-Liang, HUANG Yu-Jia. STUDY OF DISTANCE-DEPENDENCE ON CASTANOPSIS CHINENSIS SEED IN CONIFEROUS AND BROAD-LEAVED MIXED FOREST OF DINGHUSHAN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 998-1006. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0127

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0127

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I6/998

图/表 6

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变异源 Sources of variation			df				F (p)
变异源 Sources of variation			df				3月8日Mar. 8				3月15日Mar.15		3月22日Mar. 22
距离 Distance 种子大小Seed size 距离×种子大小Distance×seed size			2 2 4				2.255 (0.109) 2.477 (0.088) 0.129 (0.971)				3.075 (0.050) 2.621 (0.077) 0.320 (0.864)		1.709 (0.185) 1.063 (0.349) 0.309 (0.871)

变异源 Sources of variation			df				F (p)
变异源 Sources of variation			df				3月8日Mar. 8				3月15日Mar.15		3月22日Mar. 22
距离 Distance 种子大小Seed size 距离×种子大小Distance×seed size			2 2 4				2.255 (0.109) 2.477 (0.088) 0.129 (0.971)				3.075 (0.050) 2.621 (0.077) 0.320 (0.864)		1.709 (0.185) 1.063 (0.349) 0.309 (0.871)

变异源 Sources of variation	df	F (p)
变异源 Sources of variation	df	3月8日Mar.8	3月15日Mar.15	3月22日Mar.22	3月29日Mar.29	4月5日Apr.5
距离 Distance 种子大小 Seed size 距离×种子大小Distance×seed size	2 2 4	0.649 (0.524) 1.281 (0.281) 1.018 (0.401)	0.387 (0.680) 1.409 (0.248) 0.062 (0.993)	1.163 (0.316) 1.526 (0.221) 0.509 (0.729)	2.174 (0.118) 0.457 (0.634) 0.133 (0.970)	2.227 (0.112) 1.616 (0.203) 0.331 (0.857)

变异源 Sources of variation	df	F (p)
变异源 Sources of variation	df	3月8日Mar.8	3月15日Mar.15	3月22日Mar.22	3月29日Mar.29	4月5日Apr.5
距离 Distance 种子大小 Seed size 距离×种子大小Distance×seed size	2 2 4	0.649 (0.524) 1.281 (0.281) 1.018 (0.401)	0.387 (0.680) 1.409 (0.248) 0.062 (0.993)	1.163 (0.316) 1.526 (0.221) 0.509 (0.729)	2.174 (0.118) 0.457 (0.634) 0.133 (0.970)	2.227 (0.112) 1.616 (0.203) 0.331 (0.857)

变异源 Sources of variation	df	F	p
4月 April
距离Distance	2	5.487	0.008
5月 May
距离Distance	2	23.673	0.000
6月 June
距离Distance	2	36.792	0.000
消毒处理 Disinfection treatment	1	1.88.609	0.000
距离×处理 Distance×treatment	2	1.042	0.357
7月 July
距离Distance	2	65.679	0.000
消毒处理 Disinfection treatment	1	3503.886	0.000
距离×处理 Distance×treatment	2	20.059	0.000
8月August
距离Distance	2	36.792	0.000
消毒处理 Disinfection treatment	1	1088.609	0.000
距离×处理 Distance×treatment	2	1.042	0.357
9月 September
距离Distance	2	30.524	0.000
消毒处理 Disinfection treatment	1	4568.495	0.000
距离×处理 Distance×treatment	2	3.482	0.035
10月October
距离Distance	2	40.977	0.000
消毒处理 Disinfection treatment	1	4391.647	0.000
距离×处理 Distance×treatment	2	6.155	0.003