西藏八宿川西云杉树线过渡区树木生长与气候关系的一致性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

与传统方法相比, 利用树木年轮学方法研究树线过渡区树木生长温度敏感性高低的问题更注重比较树木个体间的生长情况, 从各个树轮序列间的生长一致性程度和树轮序列对气候因素(气温、降水)的响应一致性程度可探讨树线过渡区树木生长的温度敏感性。为了认识高山树线过渡区内树木生长的温度敏感性问题, 选择西藏昌都地区八宿县的一条川西云杉树线过渡区为研究对象, 比较了过渡区内树木个体间的生长一致性, 分析了树木生长与气候因素的相关性及其在个体间的异同。结果显示: 树线过渡区内树轮生长在个体间的一致性较低, 树轮生长与气温的关系在树木个体间的一致性也较低, 而树轮生长与当年4-9月降水的关系相对较强。西藏八宿树线过渡区属于干旱区, 相对于气温而言, 降水对树木生长的影响更大。此外, 小生境的异质性及干扰事件的发生也有可能降低树木对温度的敏感性。在全球变暖及极端气候事件增加的背景下, 树木生长的温度敏感性被高估可能会导致对树线过渡区位置及树线过渡区内群落生产力等的预测产生偏差, 这一问题应该在区域生态模拟研究和相关林业经营与管理上得到重视。

关键词: 林线, 生长季降水, 冬季温度, 个体差异, 聚类分析

Abstract: Aims

Temperature is usually hypothesized to be the primary climate factor limiting tree growth at high elevation. We test this hypothesis by investigating the tree growth and climate factors at treeline ecotone on the southeastern Xizang Plateau.

Methods

Tree-ring samples of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana were collected at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang. These samples were polished, measured, crossdated, and detrended to produce sequences of tree-ring width indices for each individual sample. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated among each pair of the individual samples. Correlation between tree-ring sequences and climatic factors (air temperature and precipitation) were also calculated to examine tree-ring responses to air temperature, precipitation.

Important findings

At the treeline ecotone of P. likiangensis var. balfouriana, air temperature had little effect on tree-ring growth. Precipitation in growing season had a strong effect on tree growth with large variation among individual trees. Our results suggest that temperature sensitivity of tree growth might be over-estimated at treeline ecotone on the southeastern Xizang Plateau.

Key words: timberline, growing season precipitation, winter temperature, individual difference, cluster analysis

刘娟, 邓徐, 吕利新. 西藏八宿川西云杉树线过渡区树木生长与气候关系的一致性. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(5): 442-452. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0043

LIU Juan,DENG Xu,LÜ Li-Xin. Relationship of tree growth and climatic factors at treeline of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana forest in Basu County, Xizang. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(5): 442-452. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0043

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0043

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I5/442

图/表 7

图1 西藏昌都地区八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区树木分布图。圆圈的大小代表胸径的相对大小, 数字为树木编号。

Fig. 1 Diagram of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana diameter distribution at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang. The size of each circle is proportional to diameter at breast height (DBH) of the corresponding tree. The number represents the corresponding tree.

图2 西藏八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区树木年龄结构图。

Fig. 2 Age classes of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana forest at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang.

图3 采样点树木年轮平均宽度。

Fig. 3 Average tree-ring widths of trees at the sampling site.

图4 西藏八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区树木树轮序列间的相关性。数字代表树木编号。●表示正值; ○表示负值。有阴影的方格表示Pearson显著相关(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Correlation coefficients among tree-ring sequences of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang. The number represents the corresponding tree. ●, positive value; ○, negative value. The shaded background denotes significance at p < 0.05 level of Pearson correlation.

图5 西藏八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区树轮与气候因素的相关性。数字代表树木编号。●, 正值; ○, 负值。底色有阴影的方格表示Pearson显著相关(p < 0.05)。月份前的p表示树轮生长的前一年的月份。

Fig. 5 Correlation between climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and tree-ring sequences of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang. Each number represents the corresponding tree.●, positive value; ○, negative value. The shaded background denotes significance at p < 0.05 level of Pearson correlation. The prefix ‘p’ indicates months in the preceding year of tree ring formation.

图6 西藏八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区树木生长-气候(气温和降水量)关系的聚类分析。

Fig. 6 Cluster dendrogram of tree growth-climate (air temperature and precipitation) relationships of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang.

图7 西藏昌都地区八宿县邦达镇克色村川西云杉树线过渡区不同气候响应类型树木的海拔位置、胸径、树龄、树轮宽度的比较。

Fig. 7 Comparisons of altitude gradient, diameter at breast height, tree age, tree-ring widths among cluster groups of of Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana at treeline ecotone in Kese Village, Bangda Town, Basu County, Xizang.

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