长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0216

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 24-35.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0216

长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应

于健^1,², 徐倩倩³, 刘文慧⁴, 罗春旺¹, 杨君珑⁵, 李俊清¹, 刘琪璟^1,^*

¹北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083
²江苏农林职业技术学院, 江苏镇江 212400
³中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所, 郑州 450009
⁴中国环境科学研究院生物多样性研究中心, 北京 100012
⁵宁夏大学农学院, 银川 7500211

出版日期:2016-01-31 发布日期:2016-01-28
通讯作者: 刘琪璟
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划) (2013AA122003)和国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(200804001)。

Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

YU Jian^1,², XU Qian-Qian³, LIU Wen-Hui⁴, LUO Chun-Wang¹, YANG Jun-Long⁵, LI Jun-Qing¹, LIU Qi-Jing^1,^*

¹College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212400, China
³Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
⁴Biodiversity Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
⁵School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Online:2016-01-31 Published:2016-01-28
Contact: Qi-Jing LIU
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解高山林线附近树木生长对气候变化的敏感性, 选取长白山东坡火山喷发后形成的过渡性植物群落长白落叶松(又称黄花落叶松) (Larix olgensis)林为研究对象, 并建立不同海拔高度长白落叶松的3个年轮宽度年表, 研究不同生境长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应, 并利用冗余分析对不同海拔的年轮指数与气候因子的关系做进一步分析。主要结果如下: (1)高海拔年轮年表的统计特征更显著, 比低海拔径向生长对气候因子的响应更加敏感; (2)高海拔径向生长主要受上年生长季前期和生长季气温的限制, 尤其是上年6月和8月气温的限制作用, 低海拔径向生长主要与降水量有关, 受当年9月降水量和当年8月帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)的共同影响; (3)林线内树木对气候响应的敏感性强于林线外, 林线外小生境的异质性及干扰事件频发可能掩盖了树木对气候因子的敏感性, 林线下方可能是检验林线处树木生长对气候响应平均状态的最佳位置; (4)不同海拔年轮年表与气候因子的冗余分析与响应函数分析的结果基本一致, 进一步证明了冗余分析可以有效地量化树轮指数与气候因子的关系。该研究为全球变暖背景下长白山东坡长白落叶松林的管理及该区域气候重建提供了基础数据。

关键词: 海拔梯度, 林线, 长白落叶松(黄花落叶松), 冗余分析, 树木年轮

Abstract: AimsTo further understand the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change and its variation with altitude, particularly the growth-climate relationship near the timberline, the radial growth of Larix olgensis in an oldgrowth forest along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain was investigated. MethodsThe relationships between climate factors and tree-ring index were determined using bootstrapped response functions analysis with the software DENDROCLIM2002. Redundancy analysis, a multivariate “direct” gradient analysis, and its ordination axes were constrained to represent linear combinations with meteorological elements. The analysis was used to clarify the relationship between tree-ring width indexes at different elevations and climate factors during the period 1959-2009.Important findings indicated: (1) Tree ring chronologies from high altitudes were more superior than other samples in terms of growth-climate relationship, revealing that trees at high altitudes are more sensitive to climate variation than at low sites, (2) Tree growth was mainly affected by temperatures of from before and through growing season in previous year, especially in June and August. In comparison, tree growth in the low elevation was regulated by the combination of precipitation of August and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) of September in current year, (3) Trees growing below timberline appeared to be more sensitive to climate warming; small extents of habitat heterogeneity or disturbance events beyond timberline may have masked the response, hence the optimal sites for examining growth trends as a function of climate variation are considered to be just below timberline, and (4) Redundancy analysis between the three chronologies and climate factors showed the same results as that of the correlation analysis and response function analysis, and this is in support of previous conclusion that redundancy analysis is also effective in quantifying the relationship between tree-ring indexes and climate factors.

Key words: altitudinal gradient, timberline, Larix olgensis, redundancy analysis, tree ring

于健, 徐倩倩, 刘文慧, 罗春旺, 杨君珑, 李俊清, 刘琪璟. 长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1): 24-35. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0216

YU Jian,XU Qian-Qian,LIU Wen-Hui,LUO Chun-Wang,YANG Jun-Long,LI Jun-Qing,LIU Qi-Jing. Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1): 24-35. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0216

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0216

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I1/24

图/表 8

表1 采样点概况

Table 1 Description of sampling sites

采样点 Sampling sites	海拔 Altitude (m)	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	样芯数 Number of cores	时间长度 Time span (a)
低海拔 Low altitude	1 448	42.07°	128.26°	107	273
高海拔林线内 Upper altitude below timberline	1 931	42.06°	128.08°	81	131
高海拔林线外 Upper altitude above timberline	1 990	42.01°	128.09°	51	108

图1 长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松差值年表。粗线为年轮指数的滑动平均。

Fig. 1 Residual chronology of Larix olgensis at different elevations. The thick line is a smoothed moving average spline of tree-ring index.

图2 研究区域气温和降水量的月值变化。

Fig. 2 Monthly temperature and precipitation near the top of Changbai Mountain.

表2 年表的统计参数及公共区间分析结果

Table 2 Statistics of ring-width chronologies and common interval analysis

统计特征 Statistic characters	低海拔 Low altitude	高海拔林线内 Upper altitude below timberline	高海拔林线外 Upper altitude above timberline
公共区间 Common intervals	1882-2010	1946-2006	1969-2008
平均值 Mean	0.997	0.974	0.954
平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	0.19	0.28	0.29
标准偏差 Standard deviation	0.18	0.24	0.24
一阶自相关 First order autocorrelation	0.10	-0.01	-0.06
树间相关系数 Correlation between trees	0.42	0.57	0.54
信噪比 Signal-to-noise ratio	30.90	40.28	28.89
样本总体代表性 Expressed population signal	0.97	0.98	0.97
第一主成分方差解释量 Variation in first eigenvector (%)	44.19	58.30	56.07

表3 长白落叶松差值年表的相关系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients of residual chronology of Larix olgensis

	低海拔 Low altitude	高海拔林线内 Upper altitude below timberline	高海拔林线外 Upper altitude above timberline
低海拔 Low altitude	1
高海拔林线内 Upper altitude below timberline	0.595 0^*	1
高海拔林线外 Upper altitude above timberline	0.543 1	0.889 4^**	1

图3 不同海拔长白落叶松差值年表与气候因子的相关分析。*, p < 0.05。C, 当年; P, 上年。

Fig. 3 Correlation analysis of residual chronology for Larix olgensis in relation to monthly climatic factors in different elevations. *, p < 0.05; C, data of current year; P, data of previous year.

图4 不同海拔长白落叶松差值年表与气候因子的响应函数分析。*, p < 0.05。C, 当年; P, 上年。

Fig. 4 Response function analysis of residual chronology for Larix olgensis in relation to monthly climate factors at different elevations. *, p < 0.05; C, data of current year; P, data of previous year.

图5 不同海拔长白落叶松差值年表(虚线)与逐月气候因子(实线)的冗余分析(1959-2009年)。只显示显著的气候变量。向量越长表示气候因子越重要, 气候向量与年表向量夹角的余弦值代表年表与气候因子之间的相关系数。二者方向相同表明具有较强正相关关系, 方向相反表明具有较强负相关关系, 垂直表示不相关。

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis calculated for residual chronologies of Larix olgensis at different elevations (dash vectors) and monthly meteorological elements (solid vectors) for the period 1959-2009. Only significant climate factors are shown. The longer the vector the more important is the climate factor. The correlation between the variables is illustrated by the cosine of the angle between the two vectors. Vectors pointing nearly the same direction indicate a high positive correlation, while the opposite directions have a high negative correlation, whereas vectors perpendicular to each other represent near-zero correlation. PDSI, Palmer drought severity index.

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长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应

Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

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