羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊草(Leymus chinensis)是我国北方典型草原群落的主要建群种和优势种, 由于长期的过度放牧, 羊草草原生态系统的结构和功能严重退化。养分添加作为恢复草地生态系统的一种管理措施, 其应用目前还处于实验性研究阶段。关于羊草的地上-地下功能性状对养分添加, 尤其是P添加的响应研究较少, 相关机制尚不十分清楚。为此, 该文以羊草为研究对象, 通过温室栽培进行N (50, 100, 250 mg N·kg^-1)和P (5, 10, 25 mg P·kg^-1)各3个水平的养分添加实验, 研究羊草的地上-地下功能性状对N、P添加的响应及适应机制。主要研究结果表明: 1)羊草的地上生物量和总生物量主要受N添加的影响, N添加显著提高了羊草的地上生物量, 而地下生物量主要受P添加的影响, 尤其在中N和高N水平, P添加显著降低了羊草的地下生物量。羊草的根冠比受N、P添加的共同影响, 随着N、P添加梯度加大, 根冠比显著降低, N、P添加促进了羊草生物量向地上部分的分配和N、P向叶片的分配。2)在低N和高N水平, 羊草对P添加的响应与适应机制不同。低N水平, 羊草主要通过增加光合速率和比根长(SRL), 提高光合能力和根系对N的获取能力促进地上部分的生长, 而根系对P的吸收有利于地下部分的生长; 在高N水平, P添加对羊草的个体生长无明显促进作用, 甚至地下生物量明显受到P素抑制, 羊草主要通过保持较高的比叶面积(SLA)和SRL, 提高对光资源的截获能力和根系对N的获取和吸收能力, 维持地上部分的生长。3)相对于地上性状, P添加对羊草的地下性状影响更大, 羊草的SLA与SRL呈较弱的正相关关系, 表明叶片与根系在资源获取和利用方面具有相对独立性。

关键词: 羊草, 植物功能性状, 地上-地下关系, 氮磷分配, 氮磷添加

Abstract: AimsLeymus chinensis is a constructive and dominant species in typical steppe of northern China. The structure and functions of L. chinensis grassland ecosystem has been degenerated seriously due to long-term overgrazing in recent decades. As an effective measure to restore the degraded grasslands, the effects of nutrient addition on plant growth and ecosystem structure and functioning have been paid more attention in manipulation experimental research. The effects of nutrient addition, especially P addition on the above- and below-ground functional traits of L. chinensis have rarely been studied; particularly the underpinning mechanisms remain unclear. Our objective is to examine the responses and adaptive mechanisms of L. chinensis to different levels of N and P additions. MethodsWe conducted a culture experiment in the greenhouse, with three levels of N (50, 100 and 250 mg N·kg^-1) and P (5, 10 and 25 mg P·kg^-1) addition treatments. The above- and below-ground biomass, leaf traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf N and P contents) and root traits (e.g., specific root length, root N and P contents) of L. chinensis were determined in this study.Important findings Our results showed that: 1) the aboveground biomass and total biomass of L. chinensis were mostly affected by N addition, while the belowground biomass was mainly affected by P addition. N addition greatly enhanced the aboveground biomass of L. chinensis, while P addition reduced the belowground biomass at the moderate and high N levels. The root-shoot ratio of L. chinensis was influenced by both N and P additions, and root-shoot ratio decreased with increasing N and P levels. N and P additions promoted more biomass and N and P allocations to aboveground and leaf biomass. 2) Leymus chinensis showed different responses and adaptive mechanisms to P addition at low and high N levels. At low N level, L. chinensis exhibited high photosynthetic rate and specific root length (SRL) to improve photosynthetic capacity and root N acquisition, which promoted aboveground biomass. High root P content was favorable for belowground biomass. At high N level, P addition did not significantly affect plant growth of L. chinensis, even reduced its belowground biomass. Leymus chinensis showed high specific leaf area (SLA) and SRL to improve light interception and N acquisition in order to maintain stable aboveground biomass. 3) P addition greatly impacted below-ground than above-ground functional traits. SLA exhibited a weakly positive correlation with SRL, indicating L. chinensis exhibited relatively independence of resource acquirement and utilization between leaf and root functional traits.

Key words: Leymus chinensis, plant functional traits, above- and below-ground relationships, nitrogen and phosphorus allocation, nitrogen and phosphorus additions

詹书侠, 郑淑霞, 王扬, 白永飞. 羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1): 36-47. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0164

ZHAN Shu-Xia, ZHENG Shu-Xia, WANG Yang, BAI Yong-Fei. Response and correlation of above- and below-ground functional traits of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1): 36-47. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0164

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0164

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I1/36

图/表 7

图1 氮、磷添加对羊草个体的地上生物量(A)、地下生物量(B)、总生物量(C)和根冠比(D)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母代表在相同N添加水平下, 不同P添加处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05), p值为显著性水平, ns表示P处理间差异不显著。N0P0, 对照; N1、N2、N3分别表示低、中、高N水平; P1、P2、P3分别表示低、中、高P水平。

Fig. 1 Effects of N and P additions on individual aboveground biomass (A), belowground biomass (B), total biomass (C), and root: shoot ratio (D) of Leymus chinensis (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different P treatments at the same N level. p values indicate significant levels, and ns indicates non-significant difference among P treatments. N0P0, control; N1, N2, N3 represent low, moderate and high N levels, and P1, P2, P3 represent low, moderate and high P levels.

图2 氮、磷添加对羊草叶片与根系生物量N、P分配(A, B)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。生物量N、P分配分别为叶片与根系总N、P质量之比。不同字母代表在相同N添加水平下, 不同P添加处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05), p值为显著性水平, ns表示P处理间差异不显著。N0P0, 对照; N1、N2、N3分别表示低、中、高N水平; P1、P2、P3分别表示低、中、高P水平。

Fig. 2 Effects of N and P additions on N (A) and P (B) allocation between leaf and root biomass of Leymus chinensis (mean ± SE). N allocation is calculated as the ratio of leaf N biomass to root N biomass, and P allocation is the ratio of leaf P biomass to root P biomass. Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different P treatments at the same N level. p values indicate significant levels, and ns indicates non-significant difference among P treatments. N0P0, control; N1, N2, N3 represent low, moderate and high N levels, and P1, P2, P3 represent low, moderate and high P levels.

图3 氮、磷添加对羊草叶片(A)和根系(B) N、P含量及N:P比的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母代表在相同N添加水平下, 不同P添加处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), P值为显著性水平, ns表示P处理间差异不显著。N0P0, 对照; N1、N2、N3分别表示低、中、高N水平; P1、P2、P3分别表示低、中、高P水平。

Fig. 3 Effects of N and P additions on leaf (A) and root (B) N, P, and N:P ratios of Leymus chinensis (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different P treatments at the same N level. P values indicate significant levels, and ns indicates non-significant difference among P treatments. N0P0, control; N1, N2, N3 represent low, moderate and high N levels, and P1, P2, P3 represent low, moderate and high P levels.

图4 氮、磷添加对羊草的比叶面积(A)和比根长(B)影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母代表在相同N添加水平下, 不同P添加处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05), p值为显著性水平, ns表示P处理间差异不显著。N0P0, 对照; N1, N2, N3分别表示低、中、高N水平; P1, P2, P3分别表示低、中、高P水平。

Fig. 4 Effects of N and P additions on specific leaf area (A) and specific root length (B) of Leymus chinensis (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different P treatments at the same N level. p values indicate significant levels, and ns indicates non-significant difference among P treatments. N0P0, control; N1, N2, N3 represent low, moderate and high N levels, and P1, P2, P3 represent low, moderate and high P levels.

图5 羊草个体地上与地下生物量(A)、比叶面积与比根长(B)、叶片与根系N、P含量(C、D)之间的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationships between individual aboveground and belowground biomass (A), specific leaf area and specific root length (B), leaf N and root N contents (C), leaf P and root P contents (D) of Leymus chinensis.

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