辽宁省9种兰科植物根内与根际土壤中真菌群落结构的差异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

兰科植物的生存及生长高度依赖其根中的共生真菌, 其中的菌根真菌更是对兰科植物的种子萌发与后续生长有着非常重要的作用, 研究兰科植物根中的真菌, 尤其是菌根真菌, 对兰科植物的保护有重要作用。该研究利用第二代测序技术, 对中国辽宁省境内的9种属于极小种群的兰科植物的根、根际土和根围土中的真菌群落和菌根真菌组成进行了研究。结果显示, 兰科植物根中的真菌群落和根际土、根围土中的真菌群落具有显著差异。兰科植物根中的总操作分类单元(OTU)数目远小于根际土和根围土中的总OTU数目。同时, 兰科植物根中菌根真菌的种类和丰度与根际土、根围土中菌根真菌的种类与丰度没有明显联系。FunGuild分析结果显示, 丛枝菌根真菌在根际土与根围土中的丰度非常高, 但在兰科植物的根中却数量极少。这些结果表明, 兰科植物根中的真菌群落与土壤中的真菌群落在一定程度上是相互独立的。

关键词: 兰科植物, 菌根真菌, 土壤, 内转录间隔区(ITS), 高通量测序

Abstract:

Aims Orchid plants generally grow better when they are mycorrhizal since mycorrhizal fungi are likely to assist in orchid seeds’ germination. However, there is little quantitative work on it. Thus we hope to better understand this mechanism to benefit the orchid plants protection.
Methods We studied nine small population species of orchids grown in Liaoning Province, China. We analyzed the composition of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and fungal communities in the roots, in the rhizosphere soil as well as bulk soil, by taking advantage of the next generation sequencing technology.
Important findings Our study showed that there was a significant difference in fungal communities among in the roots, the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil, especially in the total operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number. Although the OTU number was far smaller in the roots than in the rhizosphere soil and bulk soil, the species and abundances of OMF were less relative to each other. FunGuild, an indicator to predict the functional fungi, indicated that Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi were abundence in the rhizosphere while were rare in the roots of orchids. In general, the fungal communities in the roots were not tightly correlated with that in the root-associated soil.

Key words: orchids, mycorrhizal fungi, soil, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), high-throughput sequencing

蒋玉玲, 陈旭辉, 苗青, 曲波. 辽宁省9种兰科植物根内与根际土壤中真菌群落结构的差异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(12): 1079-1090.

JIANG Yu-Ling, CHEN Xu-Hui, MIAO Qing, QU Bo. Difference in fungal communities between in roots and in root-associated soil of nine orchids in Liaoning, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(12): 1079-1090.

图/表 8

表1 辽宁省9种兰科植物物种鉴定与采集

Table 1 Species identification and location of nine orchids in Liaoning, China

植物种类 Species	株数 Number	采集地点 Location	生境 Biotope	生育期 Growth stage
无柱兰 Amitostigma gracile	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	阔叶林下水边悬崖 Waterside cliff under a broad-leaved forest	营养期 Vegetative period
长苞头蕊兰 Cephalanthera longibracteata	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase
小斑叶兰 Goodyera repens	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	阔叶林下水边悬崖 Waterside cliff under a broad-leaved forest	花期 Flowering phase
二叶舌唇兰 Platanthera chlorantha	4	辽宁凤城市、凌源市、本溪市与庄河市 Fengcheng, Lingyuan, Benxi and Zhuanghe, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	营养期、花期 Vegetative period & Flowering phase
蜻蜓兰 Tulotis fuscescens	1	辽宁丹东凤城市 Fengcheng, Dandong, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase
羊耳蒜 Liparis campylostalix	1	辽宁大连庄河市姑庵庙 Gu’anmiao, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	营养期 Vegetative period
珊瑚兰 Corallorhiza trifida	1	辽宁凌源与河北承德市交界处 Junction of Lingyuan, Liaoning and Chengde, Hebei	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	营养期 Vegetative period
绶草 Spiranthes sinensis	3	辽宁阜新市杜家店水库 Dujiadian Reservoir, Fuxin, Liaoning	湖泊边草甸 Meadow beside a lake	花期 Flowering phase
山兰 Oreorchis patens	2	辽宁本溪市本溪县沟门和老秃顶子 Goumen and Laotudingzi in Benxi County, Benxi, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase

表1 辽宁省9种兰科植物物种鉴定与采集

Table 1 Species identification and location of nine orchids in Liaoning, China

植物种类 Species	株数 Number	采集地点 Location	生境 Biotope	生育期 Growth stage
无柱兰 Amitostigma gracile	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	阔叶林下水边悬崖 Waterside cliff under a broad-leaved forest	营养期 Vegetative period
长苞头蕊兰 Cephalanthera longibracteata	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase
小斑叶兰 Goodyera repens	1	辽宁大连庄河市塔子沟 Tazigou, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	阔叶林下水边悬崖 Waterside cliff under a broad-leaved forest	花期 Flowering phase
二叶舌唇兰 Platanthera chlorantha	4	辽宁凤城市、凌源市、本溪市与庄河市 Fengcheng, Lingyuan, Benxi and Zhuanghe, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	营养期、花期 Vegetative period & Flowering phase
蜻蜓兰 Tulotis fuscescens	1	辽宁丹东凤城市 Fengcheng, Dandong, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase
羊耳蒜 Liparis campylostalix	1	辽宁大连庄河市姑庵庙 Gu’anmiao, Zhuanghe, Dalian, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	营养期 Vegetative period
珊瑚兰 Corallorhiza trifida	1	辽宁凌源与河北承德市交界处 Junction of Lingyuan, Liaoning and Chengde, Hebei	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	营养期 Vegetative period
绶草 Spiranthes sinensis	3	辽宁阜新市杜家店水库 Dujiadian Reservoir, Fuxin, Liaoning	湖泊边草甸 Meadow beside a lake	花期 Flowering phase
山兰 Oreorchis patens	2	辽宁本溪市本溪县沟门和老秃顶子 Goumen and Laotudingzi in Benxi County, Benxi, Liaoning	针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	花期 Flowering phase

图1 辽宁九种兰科植物根与土壤中真菌群落的主成分分析(PCA)。A, 根样; B, 根际土; C, 根围土样本。

Fig. 1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of fungal communities in roots and soils of nine orchids in Liaoning, China. A, root; B, rhizosphere soil; C, bulk soil.

图2 基于Unifrac距离的辽宁9种兰科植物根与土壤中真菌群落的UPGMA聚类分析。样本根据彼此之间的相似度聚类, 样本间的分枝长度越短越相似。b, 根; c, 根际土; d, 根围土。右列大写字母及数字代表样本编号。

Fig. 2 UPGMA clustering analysis of fungal communities in roots and soils of nine orchids in Liaoning, China based on Unifrac distance. Samples are clustered according to their similarity, and shorter branching length means more similar. b, root; c, rhizosphere soil; d, bulk soil. Uppercase letters and number in right column indicate sample number.

图3 基于Unifrac距离的根与土壤中真菌群落的差异比较分析。A, 根样; B, 根际土; C, 根围土样本。

Fig. 3 Comparative analysis of differences in the fungal communities of roots and soils based on Unifrac distance. A, root; B, rhizosphere soil; C, bulk soil.

图4 辽宁九种兰科植物根、根际土与根围土中丰度前15的真菌类群。

Fig. 4 Top 15 fungi in root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of nine orchids in Liaoning, China.

图5 辽宁九种兰科植物根、根际土与根围土中真菌的营养方式组成。

Fig. 5 Trophic mode of fungi in orchid’s root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of nine orchids in Liaoning, China.

图6 辽宁九种兰科植物根、根际土与根围土中真菌功能型组成。

Fig. 6 Guild of fungi in orchid’s root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of nine orchids in Liaoning Province, China.

图7 辽宁绶草根、根际土与根围土中的菌根真菌群落比较。

Fig. 7 Comparison of mycorrhizal fungi Spiranthes sinensis’s root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil in Liaoning.

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