泥炭地特征性环境因子促进泥炭藓持久孢子库的形成

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 512-520.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

泥炭地特征性环境因子促进泥炭藓持久孢子库的形成

冯璐^1,^3,^*(),卜兆君^2,³,吴玉环⁴,刘莎莎^2,³,刘超^2,³

1 滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室, 山东滨州 256603
2 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室, 长春 130024
3 东北师范大学泥炭沼泽研究所, 国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 长春 130024
4 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

收稿日期:2019-04-15 修回日期:2019-06-03 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-09-30
通讯作者: 冯璐
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41471043);国家自然科学基金(41871046);国家自然科学基金(41371103);吉林省科技发展计划(20190101025JH);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019PD008)

Characteristic environmental factors in peatlands facilitate the formation of persistent Sphagnum spore banks

FENG Lu^1,^3,^*(),BU Zhao-Jun^2,³,WU Yu-Huan⁴,LIU Sha-Sha^2,³,LIU Chao^2,³

1 Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
2 Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
3 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
4 School of Life and Environment Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China

Received:2019-04-15 Revised:2019-06-03 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-09-30
Contact: FENG Lu
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471043);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871046);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371103);Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project(20190101025JH);the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019PD008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究泥炭地特征性环境因子——淹水、少氧和化感物质对泥炭藓孢子持久性的影响, 可深入理解泥炭地泥炭藓持久孢子库的形成机制, 为退化泥炭地泥炭藓地被恢复研究提供参考。该研究以藓丘种和丘间种两种泥炭藓的孢子为试验材料, 通过室内模拟控制实验的方法, 研究泥炭藓孢子在空气、超纯水、泥炭地地表水和泥炭藓沥出液中, 及3种速率充气下, 孢子萌发力持久性的变化。经充气处理后, 泥炭藓孢子持久性显著低于不充气处理。不充气时, 泥炭藓孢子在含有化感物质的泥炭地地表水和泥炭藓沥出液中保存, 持久性显著高于在超纯水中保存。通径分析结果显示, 溶解氧是影响泥炭地泥炭藓孢子持久性的主要因子和限制因子, 养分元素氮(TN)和磷(TP)的浓度为孢子持久性的负作用因子。研究结果表明, 泥炭藓孢子散布于苔藓地被基质或淹水的丘间生境中, 比暴露于空气或在无化感物质的水中, 能更好地维持萌发力。泥炭地中, 泥炭藓孢子和其他植物的繁殖体的超长寿命可能归因于少氧、养分贫乏和丰富的化感物质等泥炭地特征性环境因子。

关键词: 泥炭藓, 孢子持久性, 泥炭地, 溶解氧, 化感物质

Abstract:

Aims To test the effects of environmental factors in peatlands on the persistence of Sphagnum spore germinability. The results may help to understand the mechanisms behind the formation of Sphagnum spore banks in peatlands. They can also provide valuable insights for restoration of degraded peatlands. Methods We determined the initial germination percentage in spores of two Sphagnum species (hummock- forming Sphagnum capillifolium and hollow-forming S. flexuosum) and then stored them for 60 days, either dry, in ultrapure water, peatland surface water or Sphagnum water leachate. We varied oxygen concentration by injecting air at three concentrations during the storage experiment. After retrieval from experimental storage, spore germinability was assessed. Important findings Spore germinability was lower after air-injection than under oxygen-deficiency. Spore germinability was higher after storage in the peatland surface and Sphagnum leachate water, having high concentrations of allelochemicals, than in ultrapure water, under oxygen-deficiency. Path analysis showed that dissolved oxygen is the main factor negatively affecting Sphagnum spore persistence in peatlands. Nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) also affect spore persistence negatively. These results indicate that once dispersed onto Sphagnum substrates or waterlogged hollows, Sphagnum spores can remain viable longer than when exposed to dry conditions or in water without allelochemicals. Extreme longevity of Sphagnum spores and other plant propagules may be attributed to the oxygen-deficient, nutrient-poor and allelopathic substrates in peatlands.

Key words: Sphagnum, spore persistence, peatland, dissolved oxygen, allelochemicals

冯璐, 卜兆君, 吴玉环, 刘莎莎, 刘超. 泥炭地特征性环境因子促进泥炭藓持久孢子库的形成. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(6): 512-520. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

FENG Lu, BU Zhao-Jun, WU Yu-Huan, LIU Sha-Sha, LIU Chao. Characteristic environmental factors in peatlands facilitate the formation of persistent Sphagnum spore banks. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(6): 512-520. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

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参考文献 38

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		DO (mg·L^-1)	pH	Eh (mV)
超纯水 Ultrapure water	不充气 Control	8.91 ± 0.02^Ab	5.36 ± 0.04^Bb	196.7 ± 3.9^Bb
	低速率充气 Low	8.84 ± 0.02^c	5.24 ± 0.06^b	191.0 ± 5.0^b
	高速率充气 High	9.09 ± 0.01^a	5.55 ± 0.07^a	206.2 ± 1.0^a
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	不充气 Control	6.91 ± 0.02^Cc	5.80 ± 0.02^A	181.2 ± 3.7^Cc
	低速率充气 Low	9.60 ± 0.04^b	7.47 ± 0.06^a	192.8 ± 1.4^b
	高速率充气 High	10.08 ± 0.03^a	7.19 ± 0.01^b	198.6 ± 1.6^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	不充气 Control	7.52 ± 0.17^Bc	4.96 ± 0.06^Cc	247.1 ± 2.5^Aa
	低速率充气 Low	9.70 ± 0.02^b	5.91 ± 0.09^b	196.6 ± 5.8^b
	高速率充气 High	10.25 ± 0.02^a	6.14 ± 0.01^b	183.9 ± 0.4^c

		DO (mg·L^-1)	pH	Eh (mV)
超纯水 Ultrapure water	不充气 Control	8.91 ± 0.02^Ab	5.36 ± 0.04^Bb	196.7 ± 3.9^Bb
	低速率充气 Low	8.84 ± 0.02^c	5.24 ± 0.06^b	191.0 ± 5.0^b
	高速率充气 High	9.09 ± 0.01^a	5.55 ± 0.07^a	206.2 ± 1.0^a
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	不充气 Control	6.91 ± 0.02^Cc	5.80 ± 0.02^A	181.2 ± 3.7^Cc
	低速率充气 Low	9.60 ± 0.04^b	7.47 ± 0.06^a	192.8 ± 1.4^b
	高速率充气 High	10.08 ± 0.03^a	7.19 ± 0.01^b	198.6 ± 1.6^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	不充气 Control	7.52 ± 0.17^Bc	4.96 ± 0.06^Cc	247.1 ± 2.5^Aa
	低速率充气 Low	9.70 ± 0.02^b	5.91 ± 0.09^b	196.6 ± 5.8^b
	高速率充气 High	10.25 ± 0.02^a	6.14 ± 0.01^b	183.9 ± 0.4^c

	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚 Phenolics
超纯水 Ultrapure water	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.05 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	0.52 ± 0.05^b	0.03 ± 0.01^b	2.90 ± 0.33^b	5.22 ± 0.70^a	1.64 ± 0.16^b	1.43 ± 0.12^a	6.51 ± 0.05^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	5.03 ± 0.31^a	0.26 ± 0.04^a	8.89 ± 1.13^a	0.71 ± 0.49^b	4.33 ± 0.18^a	0.39 ± 0.06^b	3.23 ± 0.09^b

	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚 Phenolics
超纯水 Ultrapure water	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.05 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	0.52 ± 0.05^b	0.03 ± 0.01^b	2.90 ± 0.33^b	5.22 ± 0.70^a	1.64 ± 0.16^b	1.43 ± 0.12^a	6.51 ± 0.05^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	5.03 ± 0.31^a	0.26 ± 0.04^a	8.89 ± 1.13^a	0.71 ± 0.49^b	4.33 ± 0.18^a	0.39 ± 0.06^b	3.23 ± 0.09^b

来源 Source	d.f.	尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum capillifolium		喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum flexuosum
来源 Source	d.f.	F	p	F	p
保存液类型 Water type	2	3.74	0.044	3.33	0.059
充气速率 Air injection	2	16.31	0.000	2.90	0.081
保存液类型 × 充气速率 Water type × Air injection	4	5.57	0.004	3.73	0.022

泥炭地特征性环境因子促进泥炭藓持久孢子库的形成

Characteristic environmental factors in peatlands facilitate the formation of persistent Sphagnum spore banks

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因子 Factor	DO	pH	Eh	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚Phenolics
DO
pH	0.562
Eh	-0.322	-0.401
TN	0.108	-0.183	0.364
TP	0.108	-0.175	0.362	1.000
K⁺	0.096	-0.008	0.310	0.973	0.976
Ca²⁺	-0.074	0.765	-0.296	-0.307	-0.296	-0.080
Na⁺	0.091	0.038	0.293	0.958	0.961	0.998	-0.022
Mg²⁺	-0.061	0.766	-0.254	-0.173	-0.161	0.058	0.990	0.116
总酚 Phenolics	0.047	0.767	-0.156	0.051	0.063	0.277	0.925	0.332	0.965
尖叶泥炭藓孢子持久性 Sphagnum capillifolium GCR	-0.777	-0.187	0.375	-0.126	-0.123	-0.057	0.310	-0.039	0.303	0.206
喙叶泥炭藓孢子持久性 Sphagnum flexuosum GCR	-0.402	-0.207	0.052	-0.382	-0.382	-0.365	0.146	-0.357	0.096	0.031

物种 Species	因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	间接作用 Indirect effect
物种 Species	因子 Factor	直接作用 Direct effect	DO	pH	Eh	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚Phenolics
尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum capillifolium	DO	-0.777		0.270	-0.068	-0.007	-0.007	0.003	-0.030	0.005	-0.025	0.018
	pH	0.480	-0.437		-0.084	0.012	0.011	0.000	0.308	0.002	0.312	0.297
	Eh	0.210	0.250	-0.192		-0.024	-0.022	0.008	-0.119	0.015	-0.103	-0.061
	TN	-0.067	-0.103	-0.088	0.076		-0.062	0.026	-0.124	0.049	-0.070	0.020
	TP	-0.062	-0.102	-0.084	0.076	-0.067		0.026	-0.119	0.049	-0.066	0.024
	K⁺	0.027	-0.091	-0.004	0.065	-0.065	-0.061		-0.032	0.051	0.024	0.107
	Ca²⁺	0.403	0.070	0.367	-0.062	0.021	0.018	-0.002		-0.001	0.403	0.358
	Na⁺	0.051	-0.087	0.018	0.062	-0.064	-0.060	0.027	-0.009		0.047	0.129
	Mg²⁺	0.407	0.058	0.367	-0.053	0.012	0.010	0.002	0.399	0.006		0.374
	总酚Phenolics	0.387	-0.045	0.368	-0.033	-0.003	-0.004	0.007	0.373	0.017	0.393
喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum flexuosum	DO	-0.402		0.014	0.029	-0.040	-0.040	-0.034	-0.009	-0.032	-0.005	0.003
	pH	0.025	-0.226		0.036	0.068	0.065	0.003	0.098	-0.013	0.060	0.042
	Eh	-0.089	0.129	-0.010		-0.135	-0.135	-0.111	-0.038	-0.103	-0.020	-0.009
	TN	-0.372	-0.044	-0.005	-0.032		-0.372	-0.348	-0.039	-0.336	-0.013	0.003
	TP	-0.372	-0.043	-0.004	-0.032	-0.372		-0.349	-0.038	-0.337	-0.013	0.003
	K⁺	-0.358	-0.038	0.000	-0.028	-0.362	-0.363		-0.010	-0.350	0.005	0.015
	Ca²⁺	0.128	0.030	0.019	0.026	0.114	0.110	0.029		0.008	0.077	0.051
	Na⁺	-0.351	-0.037	0.001	-0.026	-0.356	-0.358	-0.357	-0.003		0.009	0.018
	Mg²⁺	0.078	0.024	0.019	0.023	0.064	0.060	-0.021	0.127	-0.041		0.053
	总酚Phenolics	0.055	-0.019	0.019	0.014	-0.019	-0.023	-0.099	0.118	-0.117	0.075

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