鄂西南亚高山湿地泥炭藓的生长与分解

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥炭藓(Sphagnum)是湿地土壤碳的重要来源, 在土壤碳累积过程中发挥着关键作用, 但有关亚热带湿地泥炭藓生长与分解的研究鲜有报道。该研究选择鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓湿地为研究区域, 原位开展不同微生境泥炭藓的生长及其凋落物的分解实验, 室内测试凋落物的化学成分, 探讨亚热带亚高山湿地泥炭藓的生长与分解规律。结果表明: 泥炭藓在自然状态生长12个月后, 丘上和丘间两种微生境下泥炭藓的平均高度增长量分别为2.9和2.7 cm, 对应的净生产量分别为270.94和370.88 g·m ^-2, 生长时间与微生境对泥炭藓的高度增长量及净生产量均有显著影响, 且两者之间存在交互作用, 但是两种微生境下泥炭藓的生长变化过程不同; 两种微生境下泥炭藓的平均生长速率(2017年7-10月)为0.33 mm·d ^-1, 其生长速率高于寒温带地区。另外, 分解时间对泥炭藓的分解量有显著影响, 其残留率随时间增加表现为先减少后增加的趋势。12个月后, 丘间、丘上和水坑3种微生境下最终残留率分别为100.67%、90.54%和85.63%。凋落物中碳含量、碳氮比和多酚含量相比初始值均有所下降, 氮含量则为增加。同时, 微生境对凋落物分解的影响取决于分解时间。分解3个月时, 微生境之间凋落物的分解量差异显著, 其他时间段差异不明显。

关键词: 亚热带, 泥炭藓, 微生境, 净生产量, 分解

Abstract:

Aims We investigated the growth and decomposition of Sphagnum, a principal plant involved in peat accumulation in wetlands, in subtropical wetlands.
Methods We selected a Sphagnum-dominated wetland in southwestern Hubei Province as the study area. In situ growth and litter decomposition experiments in different microhabitats were carried out, and the chemical composition of litter was measured in laboratory to examine the processes of its growth and decomposition.
Important findings The average height of Sphagnum in hummock and hollow were 2.9 and 2.7 cm, and the net production was 270.94 and 370.88 g·m ^-2, respectively, after 12 months. Growth time and microhabitats significantly affected on the height growth and the net production, and there was an interaction between time and microhabitats. However, the growth trend in two microhabitats was significantly different. The average growth rate of Sphagnum under the two microhabitats (July to October 2017) was 0.33 mm·d^-1, which was higher than that in the cold temperate zone. In addition, the decomposition time had an significant effect on the decomposition amount of Sphagnum, and the residual rate decreased first and then increased with time. By the end 12-month period, the final residual rates in hollow, hummock and pool were 100.67%, 90.54% and 85.63%, respectively. The content of carbon (C), carbon nitrogen (N) ratio (C:N) and polyphenols in the litters decreased, while the nitrogen content increased. During the first 3 months of decomposition, a significant difference of decomposed litter was found between the microhabitats, but no significant difference later on.

Key words: subtropical, Sphagnum, microhabitats, net production, decomposition

刘雪飞, 吴林, 王涵, 洪柳, 熊莉军. 鄂西南亚高山湿地泥炭藓的生长与分解. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(3): 228-235. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0316

LIU Xue-Fei, WU Lin, WANG Han, HONG Liu, XIONG Li-Jun. Growth and decomposition characteristics of Sphagnum in a subalpine wetland, southwestern Hubei, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(3): 228-235. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0316

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0316

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I3/228

图/表 6

图1 鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓湿地中的3种微生境(从左至右依次为: 丘上、丘间、水坑)。

Fig. 1 Three types of microhabitats in Sphagnum-dominated subalpine wetland in southwestern Hubei (From left to right: hummock, hollow, and pool).

图2 鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓湿地丘间与丘上两种微生境下泥炭藓高度增长量(A)及净生产量(B)变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。*表示在同一时间不同微生境下有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Increment of height growth (A) and net production (B) of Sphagnum in hollow and hummock of Sphagnum-dominated subalpine wetlands in southwestern Hubei (mean ± SE, n = 3). * refers a significant difference between the two microhabitats at the same time (p < 0.05).

图3 鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓湿地3种微生境下泥炭藓凋落物残留率变化规律(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。*表示在同一时间不同微生境下有显著性差异(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在同一微生境不同时间有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Changes in litters residual rate of Sphagnum under three microhabitats of Sphagnum-dominated subalpine wetlands in southwestern Hubei (mean ± SE, n = 3). * refers a significant difference among the three microhabitats at the same time (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different time periods in the same microhabitat (p < 0.05).

图4 鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓湿地3种微生境下泥炭藓凋落物C (A)、N (B)、C:N (C)及多酚含量(D)变化规律(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。*表示在同一时间不同微生境下有显著性差异(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在同一微生境不同时间有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Contents of C (A), N (B), C:N (C) and polyphenols (D) in the litters of Sphagnum of the three microhabitats of Sphagnum- dominated subalpine wetlands in southwestern Hubei (mean ± SE, n = 3). * refers a significant difference among the three microhabitats at the same time (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different time periods in the same microhabitat(p < 0.05)

表1 不同纬度地区泥炭藓属植物的生长速率及净生产力

Table 1 Growth rate and net primary productivity of Sphagnum spp. in areas of different latitude

纬度 Latitude (°)	经度 Longitude (°)	年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃)	年降水量 Precipitation (mm)	物种 Species	生长速率 Growth rate (mm·d^-1)	净生产力 Net primary productivity (g·m^-2·d^-1)	参考文献 Reference
68.35	18.82	0.5	320	S. fus	0.04	1.51	Dorrepaal et al., 2003
60.52	17.92	3.1	544	S. fus	0.10	0.64	Bengtsson et al., 2016
59.90	15.83	1.4	515	S. fus, S. mag	0.13	1.12	Bengtsson et al., 2016
57.15	-111.98	2.1	387	S. fus	0.09	1.68	Wieder et al., 2010
56.63	-110.20	1.1	420	S. fus	0.09	1.72	Wieder et al., 2010
55.68	-111.83	2.1	421	S. fus	0.10	1.96	Wieder et al., 2010
54.68	-113.47	1.7	500	S. fus	0.03	1.15	Thormann & Bayley, 1997
49.67	-93.72	2.6	714	S. mag, S. fus, S. ang	0.12	0.86	Rochefort et al., 1990
46.32	11.67	5.0	1 100	S. cap, S. mag, S. fal	0.26	1.70	Gerdol, 1995
39.12	-79.58	7.9	1 330	S. mag, S. rec	0.42	3.44	Wieder & Lang, 1983
30.17	109.73	7.2	1 590	S. pal	0.33	3.84	本研究 This study

图5 泥炭藓属植物生长速率(A)及净生产力(B)与纬度之间的关系。

Fig. 5 Rrelationships between growth rate (A) and net primary productivity (B) of Sphagnum spp. and latitude.

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