水位与光强变化对尖叶泥炭藓孢蒴生产动态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取尖叶泥炭藓(Sphagnum capillifolium)为试验材料, 在模拟水位与光强条件下, 对人工构建的苔藓植物群落进行室内培养, 每隔1-3天观察并记录植株高度、孢蒴变化过程及变化时间, 分析了不同水位与光强条件对孢蒴生产的植物功能属性动态的影响。水位上升促进了蒴柄伸长及植株高增长, 增加了孢蒴开裂率及遮蔽率。光强增加有助于孢蒴生长, 并提高了孢蒴开裂率。在孢蒴直径以及植株高增长性状上, 水位与光强存在交互作用。水位与光强对孢蒴增长率均没有影响。此外, 水位升高与光强增加使孢蒴成熟及蒴柄伸长时间提前, 总体上使孢子释放时间分别提前了4.0 d和4.8 d, 由此可能减小了孢子体因受夏季干旱影响而败育的风险。孢子释放后, 繁殖株高增长加速, 可为未来的再次繁殖奠定基础。

关键词: 泥炭藓, 水位, 光强, 物候

Abstract: Aims

Our objective was to analyze the effect of water levels and light intensities on capsule production dynamics of Sphagnum to lay the foundation for further research on its reproductive phenology.

Methods

Our selected Sphagnum capillifolium in this study. We set up a simulation experiment within a growth chamber and grew moss communities in polystyrene containers. Water levels and light intensities were altered to create different environmental conditions. Gametophores and capsule production were observed and recorded.

Important findings

Seta length, shoot height and capsule cracking rate increased when water level increased. Under high light intensities, capsule diameter and capsule cracking rate were higher. Water level and light intensity had an interactive effect on shoot height increment and capsule diameter. Water level and light intensity had no effect on capsule production rate. Increase in both water level and light intensity led to earlier spore release. Reproductive phenology advance can reduce the abortive risk of spores by avoiding detrimental environment conditions such as drought. After capsules dehisced, reproductive shoots were able to accelerate height growth to avoid shading to lay a foundation for further reproduction in the future.

Key words: Sphagnum, water level, light intensity, phenology

袁敏, 卜兆君, 刘超, 马进泽, 王升忠. 水位与光强变化对尖叶泥炭藓孢蒴生产动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(5): 501-507. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0048

YUAN Min,BU Zhao-Jun,LIU Chao,MA Jin-Ze,WANG Sheng-Zhong. Effects of water level and light intensity on capsule production dynamics of Sphagnum capillifolium. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(5): 501-507. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0048

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0048

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I5/501

图/表 7

图1 尖叶泥炭藓孢蒴形态变化的时间动态——以低水位、弱光强处理中箭头所示的孢蒴为例。A, 7月21日, 新生球形孢蒴呈鹅黄色, 外被雌苞叶, 无蒴柄。B, 8月2日, 蒴柄形成并伸长, 孢蒴呈黑褐色。C, 8月6日, 蒴柄进一步伸展, 孢蒴呈红褐色的粗圆柱形。D, 8月8日, 蒴盖脱落, 孢子释放, 孢蒴呈细圆柱形。

Fig. 1 Morphological change in Sphagnum capillifolium capsules. The capsule highlighted by the arrow is an example under low water level and weak light conditions. A, On July 21, a newborn spherical capsule is yellow, wrapped by perichaetial leaves and no seta developed. B, On August 2, a seta gradually formed and elongated and the capsule was dark brown. C, On August 6, the seta further extended and the capsule became red brown in color and thick cylindrical in shape. D, On August 8, after operculum falling off, spores released and the capsule became thin cylindrical in shape.

表1 水位与光强对植株高增长和孢子体形态影响的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA for effects of water level and light intensity on height increment and sporophyte morphology

指标 Index	水位 Water level		光强 Light intensity		水位×光强 Water level × light intensity
指标 Index	F	p	F	p	F	p
繁殖株高增长 Height increment of reproductive shoots	16.66	< 0.001^**	0.21	0.651	7.26	0.008^**
营养株高增长 Height increment of vegetative shoots	4.44	0.036^*	1.21	0.273	6.08	0.015^*
蒴柄长度 Seta length	10.32	0.002^**	0.00	0.966	0.64	0.426
孢蒴直径 Capsule diameter	0.04	0.838	14.73	0.000^**	13.77	< 0.001^**

图2 水位与光强对植株高增长(A)和孢子体形态(B)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。A, 一般光强; H, 高水位; L, 低水位; W, 弱光强。

Fig. 2 Effect of water level and light intensity on shoot height increment (A) and sporophyte morphology (B) (mean ± SE). A, ambient light; H, high water level; L, low water level; W, weak light.

表2 水位与光强对孢蒴生产动态影响的重复测量方差分析

Table 2 Repetitive measurement and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for effects of water level and light intensity on capsule production dynamics

指标 Index	水位 Water level		光强 Light intensity		水位×光强 Water level × light intensity
	F	p	F	p	F	p
孢蒴增长率 Capsule growth rate	0.74	0.403	0.62	0.443	0.23	0.636
孢蒴开裂率 Capsule cracking rate	5.80	0.037^*	5.39	0.033*	0.24	0.554
孢蒴遮蔽率 Rate of capsules being shaded	11.82	0.003^**	0.07	0.792	2.67	0.122

表3 不同水位与光强条件下孢蒴生产过程各阶段所需时间(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 3 Time needed for each stage of capsule production under different water level and light intensity (mean ± SD)

条件 Condition	孢蒴形成→孢蒴成熟 Capsule formation→ Capsule maturation	孢蒴成熟→蒴柄长成 Capsule maturation→ Seta maturation	蒴柄长成→孢蒴开裂 Seta maturation→ Capsule dehiscing
高水位 High water level	11.0 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 1.2	2.3 ± 1.4
低水位 Low water level	12.1 ± 2.4	3.8 ± 1.9	4.1 ± 2.4
一般光强 Ambient light	10.4 ± 1.5	2.3 ± 1.4	2.5 ± 1.3
弱光强 Weak light	12.7 ± 1.7	3.4 ± 1.9	3.9 ± 2.5

图3 水位与光强对孢蒴开裂率及遮蔽率的影响(平均值±标准误差)。A, 一般光强; H, 高水位; L, 低水位; W, 弱光强。

Fig. 3 Effect of water level and light intensity on capsule cracking rate and shaded rate (mean ± SE). A, ambient light; H, high water level; L, low water level; W, weak light.

图4 新增孢蒴数与初始孢蒴数的线性相关关系。

Fig. 4 Linear correlation between the number of new capsules and that of initial ones.

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