三种裸子植物木质部结构与功能对不同生境的适应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0186

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 440-450.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0186

三种裸子植物木质部结构与功能对不同生境的适应

韩旭丽¹, 赵明水², 王忠媛¹, 叶琳峰¹, 陆世通¹, 陈森¹, 李彦¹^,³, 谢江波¹^,^*()

¹浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室, 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院, 杭州 311300
²浙江天目山国家级自然保护区管理局, 杭州 311300
³中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2021-05-17 接受日期:2021-11-24 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-02-16
通讯作者: 谢江波
作者简介:*(0208xiejiangbo@163.com)

Adaptation of xylem structure and function of three gymnosperms to different habitats

HAN Xu-Li¹, ZHAO Ming-Shui², WANG Zhong-Yuan¹, YE Lin-Feng¹, LU Shi-Tong¹, CHEN Sen¹, LI Yan¹^,³, XIE Jiang-Bo¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
²Management Bureau of Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Hangzhou 311300, China
³State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China

Received:2021-05-17 Accepted:2021-11-24 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-02-16
Contact: XIE Jiang-Bo
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901280);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770651);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730638)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生境异质性是影响植物生长发育的重要因素。植物木质部水力系统是土壤-植物-大气连续体的主要通路, 直接影响植物的基本行为和功能, 同时也反映了植物对环境变化的适应性。为对比天目山3种裸子植物枝条木质部水力功能、机械和解剖结构性状在不同生境(自然生境与人工生境)的差异, 揭示裸子植物对不同生境的适应机制, 该研究以金钱松(Pseudolarix amabilis)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和雪松(Cedrus deodara)为研究对象, 测定枝木质部导水率、栓塞抗性(导水率损失50%时的水势)、机械以及解剖结构性状。结果发现: 1)人工生境植株比自然生境植株水力效率弱, 但栓塞抗性强。2)自然生境雪松木质部导水系统存在效率-安全权衡; 不论自然还是人工生境杉木、金钱松木质部导水系统均无效率-安全权衡。3)人工生境雪松和金钱松木质部存在机械-安全权衡。相比人工生境, 土壤水分有效性低的自然生境中, 植物采用增大纹孔膜直径来提高水力效率, 此外, 还可通过增加木材密度、扩大管胞直径来避免栓塞带来的威胁。

关键词: 栓塞抗性, 水力效率, 机械强度, 木质部解剖, 效率-安全权衡

Abstract:

Aims Habitat difference is one of the important factors affecting plant growth and development. Plant xylem hydraulic system is the main pathway of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, which directly affects the basic behavior and function of plants and reflects the adaptability of plants to environmental changes. In the current study, the differences of xylem hydraulic function, mechanical and anatomical structure traits of three gymnosperm species in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province in different habitats (field habitat and garden habitat) were compared to reveal the adaptive mechanism of gymnosperm to different habitats.

Methods We measured and compared hydraulic safety trait (water potential at 50% loss of conductivity), hydraulic efficiency (specific hydraulic conductivity) and xylem anatomy, between field and garden plants of Pseudolarix amabilis, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cedrus deodara.

Important findings 1) For all tree species, their hydraulic efficiency in garden habitats are lower than that of field habitats, but the embolism resistances are stronger, owing to the complexity of species adaptation strategies. 2) No matter in field or garden habitats, there was efficiency-safety trade-off in the xylem water diversion system in Cedrus deodara, but there is no efficiency-safety trade-off in hydraulic system of P. amabilis and Cunninghamia lanceolata. 3) There is a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and mechanical strength in the xylem of P. amabilisand Cedrus deodara in garden habitat. Compared with garden habitats, in field habitats with low soil moisture availability, plants increased pit membrane diameter to improve hydraulic efficiency. In addition, in field habitat, the threat of embolism to plants could be avoided by increased wood density and expanding tracheid diameter.

Key words: cavitation resistance, hydraulic efficiency, mechanical strength, xylem anatomy, efficiency-safety trade-off

韩旭丽, 赵明水, 王忠媛, 叶琳峰, 陆世通, 陈森, 李彦, 谢江波. 三种裸子植物木质部结构与功能对不同生境的适应. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 440-450. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0186

HAN Xu-Li, ZHAO Ming-Shui, WANG Zhong-Yuan, YE Lin-Feng, LU Shi-Tong, CHEN Sen, LI Yan, XIE Jiang-Bo. Adaptation of xylem structure and function of three gymnosperms to different habitats. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(4): 440-450. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0186

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0186

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/440

图/表 8

表1 采样点基本概况

Table 1 Basic environmental conditions of the sampling points

生境 Habitat	经纬度 Latitude, longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope (°)	pH	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)
自然生境 Field habitat	30.43° N, 120.22° E	400-450	西南 Southwest	9-12	4.85 ± 0.16	29.53 ± 1.21
人工生境 Garden habitat	30.25° N, 119.72° E	51-74	西南 Southwest	15-20	5.23 ± 0.12	35.98 ± 1.22

表2 自然和人工生境3种裸子植物基本概况(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Overview of the three Gymnosperms in field and garden habitats (mean ± SE)

物种 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	叶片习性 Leaf habit	生境 Habitat	n	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 PH (m)	树龄 Tree age (a)	冠幅 Crown (m)
雪松 Cedrus deodara	松科 Pinaceae	乔木 Tree	常绿 Evergreen	自然 Field	20	36.03 ± 0.37	9.89 ± 0.36	40-45	7.03 ± 0.18
雪松 Cedrus deodara	松科 Pinaceae	乔木 Tree	常绿 Evergreen	人工 Garden	19	37.89 ± 0.28	11.52 ± 0.25	40-45	7.85 ± 0.13
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	杉科 Taxodiaceae	乔木 Tree	常绿 Evergreen	自然 Field	19	10.62 ± 0.35	4.43 ± 0.32	25-30	1.63 ± 0.14
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	杉科 Taxodiaceae	乔木 Tree	常绿 Evergreen	人工 Garden	16	11.43 ± 0.23	5.12 ± 0.27	25-30	1.92 ± 0.09
金钱松 Pseudolarix amabilis	松科 Pinaceae	乔木 Tree	落叶 Deciduous	自然 Field	20	26.06 ± 0.49	12.54 ± 0.30	40-45	4.67 ± 0.23
金钱松 Pseudolarix amabilis	松科 Pinaceae	乔木 Tree	落叶 Deciduous	人工 Garden	15	26.62 ± 0.42	13.60 ± 0.22	40-45	5.25 ± 0.15

图1 三种裸子植物水力功能性状(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示在α = 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 1 Hydraulic functional traits of three Gymnosperm species (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05.

图2 雪松(A)、杉木(B)和金钱松(C)在自然与人工生境比导率(Ks)与栓塞抗性(P50)相关性。

Fig. 2 Correlation between specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and embolism resistance (P50) of Cedrus deodara (A), Cunninghamia lanceolata (B) and Pseudolarix amabilis (C) in field and garden habitats.

图3 三种裸子植物木质部管胞特征(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示在α = 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 3 Xylem tracheid traits of three Gymnosperm species (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05.

图4 三种裸子植物木质部纹孔特征(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示在α = 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 4 Xylem pit structure traits in three Podocarpus species (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05.

图5 三种裸子植物木质部机械强度比较(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示在α = 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 5 Xylem mechanical traits of three Gymnosperm species (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05.

图6 三种裸子植物自然(A-C)、人工生境(D-E)木质部水力功能和解剖结构性状相关性分析。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。 Dh, 水力直径(μm); Dpa, 纹孔口直径(μm); Dpm, 纹孔膜直径(μm); Fa, 纹孔开口比; Ks, 比导率(kg·m-1∙MPa-1·s-1); Nt, 管胞密度(No.·mm-2); P50, 栓塞抗性(-MPa); Ttob, 管胞厚度跨度比((t/b)2); Tw, 管胞壁厚(μm); WD, 木材密度(g·cm-2)。

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis between xylem hydraulic function and anatomical structural traits of three Gymnosperm species in field (A-C) and garden habitats (D-E). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. Dh, hydraulic diameter (μm); Dpa, pit aperture diameter (μm); Dpm, pit membrane diameter (μm); Fa, aperture opening ratio; Ks, specific hydraulic conductivity (kg·m-1·MPa-1·s-1); Nt, tracheid density (No.·mm2); P50, the xylem water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (-MPa); Ttob, tracheid thickness to span ratio ((t/b)2); Tw, double thickness of vessel wall (μm); WD, wood density (g·cm-2).

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三种裸子植物木质部结构与功能对不同生境的适应

Adaptation of xylem structure and function of three gymnosperms to different habitats

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