北京市行道树绒毛梣的水力结构对城市不透水表面比例的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0091

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 998-1009.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0091

北京市行道树绒毛梣的水力结构对城市不透水表面比例的响应

王嘉仪¹, 王襄平², 徐程扬¹, 夏新莉³, 谢宗强⁴, 冯飞¹, 樊大勇¹^,^*()

¹森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 干旱半干旱地区森林培育及生态系统研究国家林草局重点实验室, 城市林业研究中心, 北京林业大学, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
³北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院林木育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100083
⁴中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2022-03-09 接受日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-21
通讯作者: *樊大勇(dayong73fan@163.com)
作者简介:ORCID: 王嘉仪: 0000-0003-4479-7165
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271652)

Response of hydraulic architecture in Fraxinus velutina street trees to the percentage of impervious pavement in Beijing

WANG Jia-Yi¹, WANG Xiang-Ping², XU Cheng-Yang¹, XIA Xin-Li³, XIE Zong-Qiang⁴, FENG Fei¹, FAN Da-Yong¹^,^*()

¹The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environment Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2022-03-09 Accepted:2022-07-06 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-21
Contact: *FAN Da-Yong(dayong73fan@163.com)
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271652)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解和量化城市树木耐旱性的变异性和潜在的驱动机制对于预测和管理全球气候变化下的城市生态系统稳定性至关重要。该研究以北京市常见行道树绒毛梣(Fraxinus velutina)为研究对象, 选取6个不同不透水表面比例(用归一化建筑指数(NDBI)反映)的实验地点。利用遥感数据提取各地的NDBI和月地表平均温度(T_s)参数, 并实地测定了空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)和黎明前水势(Ψ_pd), 在生长季采用自然干燥法拟合各地点绒毛梣枝条木质部脆弱性曲线, 并计算得到木质部栓塞脆弱性, 测定各地点凌晨和中午枝条的自然栓塞化程度以获取不同地点木质部栓塞的恢复程度; 同时测定了比导率(k_s)和叶比导率(LSC)、气孔导度(G_s)和最大光化学量子效率(F_v/F_m)。研究了不同不透水表面比例下树木栓塞脆弱性(耐旱性)的适应性, 以及耐旱性与其他水力性状之间的相关性。结果表明: 1)不透水表面比例与50%导水率损失对应的水势值(Ψ₅₀)显著负相关, 不透水表面比例越高耐旱性越高; 2) Ψ₅₀与Ψ_pd及VPD显著相关; 3) k_s与Ψ₅₀间有显著权衡, 但LSC与Ψ₅₀相关关系不明显; 4)栓塞修复能力与Ψ_pd呈正相关关系; 5)处于不同不透水表面比例地区的绒毛梣的F_v/F_m无显著差异; 6)随不透水表面比例的增加, 绒毛梣光合速率下降。该研究结果表明, 不透水表面比例是影响绒毛梣耐旱性的关键城市环境指标之一, 不透水表面比例提高导致绒毛梣耐旱性的提高, 同时绒毛梣白天出现的栓塞可以在夜晚进行积极的修复, 这两个特征均说明城市树木对于城市环境表现出水力结构的适应性, 但这种适应性以光合速率下降为代价。该研究结果为快速城市化和全球气候变化场景下北京城市生态系统健康程度、弹性和稳定性评价提供了重要研究数据, 并为决策者制定切实可行的北京城市树木管理策略提供了理论依据。

关键词: 归一化建筑指数, 城市树木, 栓塞脆弱性, 水力效率, 气孔导度

Abstract:

Aims Understanding and quantifying the variability of drought tolerance and the potential driving mechanism in urban trees are critical to the prediction and management of urban ecosystem stability under global climate change. The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify the branch hydraulic traits of trees at urban sites with different percentages of impervious pavements in Beijing, and 2) to investigate if the drought tolerance of urban trees is adapted to urbanization.

Methods The investigated species in the study was Fraxinus velutina. This species is widely applied to street planting in Beijing. We selected six sites along the north-south axis of the city with different percentages of impervious pavements as represented by normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The NDBI and monthly surface temperature at each site were obtained by remote sensing. The bench dehydration technique was used to assess site-specific branch vulnerability to drought-induced xylem cavitation. Net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m) were also measured with a photosynthesis instrument.

Important findings The percentage of impervious pavements was positively correlated with the water potential corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (Ψ₅₀), while Ψ₅₀ was found to correlate with pre-dawn xylem water potential (Ψ_pd) and vapor pressure deficit. A significant trade-off relation was found between specific conductivity and Ψ₅₀, but not between leaf specific conductivityand Ψ₅₀. The embolism repair ability was significantly positively correlated with Ψ_pd. The net photosynthetic rate decreased with the increase in percentage of impervious pavement, whereas the F_v/F_m did not show significant difference among sites. The results suggest that the percentage of impervious pavements is one of the key urban environmental indicators affecting the drought tolerance of urban trees. The hydraulic architecture of F. velutinashowed adaptability to the urban environment in the city. The study not only provides important research data for evaluation of the health, resilience, and stability of the urban ecosystems under the scenarios of rapid urbanization and global climate change, but also a theoretical support for decision-makers to formulate practical and feasible management strategies for street planting in Beijing.

Key words: normalized difference built-up index, urban trees, embolism vulnerability, hydraulic efficiency, stomatal conductance

王嘉仪, 王襄平, 徐程扬, 夏新莉, 谢宗强, 冯飞, 樊大勇. 北京市行道树绒毛梣的水力结构对城市不透水表面比例的响应. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 998-1009. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0091

WANG Jia-Yi, WANG Xiang-Ping, XU Cheng-Yang, XIA Xin-Li, XIE Zong-Qiang, FENG Fei, FAN Da-Yong. Response of hydraulic architecture in Fraxinus velutina street trees to the percentage of impervious pavement in Beijing. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(7): 998-1009. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0091

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0091

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I7/998

图/表 9

图1 在北京选取的6个实验地点的地理位置分布图(图源高德地图)。ADS, 安定路; LDS, 林大路; LTS, 立汤路; SSS, 顺沙路; WJS, 望京路; XZS, 西直门外大街。

Fig. 1 Geographical distribution map of the six experimental sites in Beijing (source: Amap). ADS, Anding Street; LDS, Linda Street; LTS, Litang Street; SSS, Shunsha Street; WJS, Wangjing Street; XZS, Xizhimen Wai Street.

表1 北京6个实验地点绒毛梣的黎明前水势(Ψpd)、月地表平均温度(Ts)、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)和归一化建筑物指数(NDBI) (平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), monthly mean surface air temperature (Ts), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) at the six sites in Beijing (mean ± SE)

环境指标 Environment indicator	实验地点 Experimental site
环境指标 Environment indicator	LDS	WJS	XZS	SSS	LTS	ADS
NDBI	-0.342	-0.343	-0.302	-0.219	-0.123	-0.180
T_s(℃)	37.135 ± 1.943^ab	34.861 ± 1.083^b	38.933 ± 2.077^a	37.590 ± 1.866^ab	36.044 ± 0.930^ab	37.301 ± 1.757^ab
VPD (kPa)	1.227 ± 0.027^c	1.107 ± 0.092^d	1.679 ± 0.039^a	1.539 ± 0.063^b	1.701 ± 0.102^a	1.700 ± 0.014^a
Ψ_pd(MPa)	-0.665 ± 0.039^a	-0.651 ± 0.015^a	-0.781 ± 0.027^b	-0.845 ± 0.019^c	-0.994 ± 0.011^d	-1.107 ± 0.022^d

图2 北京6个实验地点绒毛梣的脆弱性曲线。黑色方块, 在实验室中自然干燥过程中所测的绒毛梣枝条导水率损失百分比(PLC)和水势(Ψ)对应点; 红色点, 黎明所测的自然PLC及对应水势; 蓝色三角, 午时所测的自然PLC及对应水势。ADS, 安定路; LDS, 林大路; LTS, 立汤路; SSS, 顺沙路; WJS, 望京路; XZS, 西直门外大街。同图一不同小写字母表示各位点间差异显著(p < 0.05)。Ψ50位点间的差异是采用95%置信区间是否重叠方法获得的。

Fig. 2 Vulnerability curves of Fraxinus velutina at the six study sites in Beijing. Black squares, the corresponding point of the percentage loss (PLC) and water potential (Ψ) measured during bench-dehydration of branches in the laboratory; Red circle, natural PLC measured at dawn and their corresponding water potentials; Blue triangle, natural PLC measured at noon and their corresponding water potentials. ADS, Anding Street; LDS, Linda Street; LTS, Litang Street; SSS, Shunsha Street; WJS, Wangjing Street; XZS, Xizhimen Wai Street. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among sites (p < 0.05). The difference between Ψ50 among sites is tested by the 95% CI-overlay method.

图3 北京6个地点归一化建筑指数(NDBI) (A)、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD) (B)、黎明前水势(Ψpd) (C)、月地表平均温度(Ts) (D)的平均值与50%导水率损失对应的水势值(Ψ50)之间的相关性(平均值±标准误)。地点同图1。

Fig. 3 Correlations between 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (Ψ50) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) (A), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (B), pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) (C), monthly mean surface air temperature (Ts) (D) at the six study sites in Beijing (mean ± SE). Site see Fig. 1.

图4 北京6个实验位点绒毛梣的比导率(ks) (A)、叶比导率(LSC) (B)和胡伯尔值(Hv) (C) (平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各地点间差异显著(p < 0.05)。地点同图1。

Fig. 4 Specific conductivity (ks) (A), leaf specific conductivity (LSC) (B) and Huber values (Hv) (C) of Fraxinus velutina measured at the six study sites in Beijing (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among sites (p < 0.05). Site see Fig. 1.

图5 北京6个地点绒毛梣比导率(ks) (A)、叶比导率(LSC) (B)与50%导水率损失对应的水势值(Ψ50)间的相关性(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 5 Relationships between specific conductivity (ks) (A), leaf specific conductivity (LSC) (B) and 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (Ψ50) in Fraxinus velutina at six experimental sites in Beijing (mean ± SE).

图6 北京6个实验点的黎明前水势与对应位点绒毛梣栓塞修复力之间的相关关系(平均值±标准误)。地点同图1。

Fig. 6 Correlation between pre-dawn leaf water potential and embolism repair ability of Fraxinus velutina at six experimental sites in Beijing (mean ± SE). Site see Fig. 1.

图7 绒毛梣气孔导度(Gs)和叶比导率(LSC)的关系(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 7 Relationship between leaf specific conductivity (LSC) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of Fraxinus velutina (mean ± SE).

表2 北京6个实验点绒毛梣的气孔导度(Gs)、光系统II (PSII)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)和净光合速率(A) (平均值±标准误)。

Table 2 Stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and net photosynthesis rate (A) of Fraxinus velutina measured at the six experimental sites in Beijing (mean ± SE)

实验点 Experimental site	G_s (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	F_v/F_m	A (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
LDS	0.383 ± 0.034^a	0.828 6 ± 0.048 3	21.17 ± 1.730^a
WJS	0.350 ± 0.016^a	0.841 9 ± 0.027 2	19.66 ± 1.456^ab
XZS	0.254 ± 0.022^b	0.839 7 ± 0.011 5	20.04 ± 1.174^a
SSS	0.181 ± 0.026^c	0.833 4 ± 0.023 0	17.34 ± 1.166^b
LTS	0.138 ± 0.023^c	0.837 4 ± 0.035 1	14.11 ± 1.274^c
ADS	0.157 ± 0.015^c	0.826 3 ± 0.019 4	14.63 ± 1.334^c

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北京市行道树绒毛梣的水力结构对城市不透水表面比例的响应

Response of hydraulic architecture in Fraxinus velutina street trees to the percentage of impervious pavement in Beijing

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