树轮木质部解剖特征及其与环境变化的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0198

植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 238-251.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0198

树轮木质部解剖特征及其与环境变化的关系

朱良军¹, 李宗善², 王晓春^1,^*()

¹东北林业大学生态研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
²中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

收稿日期:2016-06-12 接受日期:2017-01-03 出版日期:2017-02-10 发布日期:2017-03-16
通讯作者: 王晓春
作者简介:
* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:sunzhiqiang1956@sina.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41471168和31370463)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2572016AA32和2572014DA05)和长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT-15R09)项目

Anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree rings and its relationship with environments

Liang-Jun ZHU¹, Zong-Shan LI², Xiao-Chun WANG^1,^*()

¹Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

²State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2016-06-12 Accepted:2017-01-03 Online:2017-02-10 Published:2017-03-16
Contact: Xiao-Chun WANG
About author:
KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: kangjingyao_nj@163.com。

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树轮木质部解剖特征是树轮在细胞、亚细胞尺度上的表征, 其往往能从微观尺度解释树轮宽度等宏观结构的变化。因此, 探讨木质部解剖特征与环境变化的关系, 可为年轮气候学统计结果提供生理解释, 为研究树木生长对气候变化的适应过程与响应策略提供新视野。该文以树轮木质部解剖特征与气候关系为主线, 概述了木质部解剖特征记录环境信号的基本原理和机制, 阐述了木质部解剖过程中涉及的基本方法, 探讨了木质部解剖特征与气候因子的关系, 就现有研究中存在的问题指出今后可能的研究方向: (1)探寻径向和切向上木质部解剖特征的时空变异及其与环境变化的关系; (2)探索植物对环境塑性响应的阈值及其响应策略及适应过程; (3)探寻各树轮代用指标间的协同与拮抗作用及气候响应差异的形成机理, 确定各时期主要气候因子对树轮形成的具体作用及贡献量。

关键词: 细胞年表, 木质部解剖, 水力结构, 全球变化, 塑性响应, 树轮

Abstract:

The anatomical traits of xylem are the characteristics of tree rings at the cellular and subcellular scales, and are often reflection of environmental signals. Studying the relationships between anatomical traits of xylem and environmental change not only provide physiological explanations to the statistics in dendroclimatology, but can also provide a new vision for studying the adaptation process and response strategies of tree growth to climate change. In this paper, with the relationships between the anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree-rings (cell chronology) and climate change as a main thread, we first outline the basic principles and mechanisms of wood anatomical features to record environmental signals, and expounded the basic methods involved in the process of xylem anatomy. Secondly, we discuss the relationship between the anatomical features of xylem and climate factors. We then propose the following as possible directions of future research based on the existing knowledge gap in the topical area: (1) to explore the temporal and spatial variations in the anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree-rings along radial and tangential directions and the relationships with environmental changes; (2) to explore the threshold of tree growth response to environmental plasticity and adaptation processes; (3) to assess the synergistic and antagonistic effects as well as the formation mechanisms of climate response among different tree-ring proxies, and to determine the specific roles and contributions of major climatic factors during different periods of tree-ring formation.

Key words: cell chronologies, xylem anatomy, hydraulic architecture, global change, plastic responses, tree-ring

朱良军, 李宗善, 王晓春. 树轮木质部解剖特征及其与环境变化的关系. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(2): 238-251. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0198

Liang-Jun ZHU, Zong-Shan LI, Xiao-Chun WANG. Anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree rings and its relationship with environments. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(2): 238-251. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0198

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图/表 5

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类型 Type	参数 Parameter	特征 Feature	作用 Function
导管 Vessel	Di, Nu, Ar, De, GF	由死细胞串联而成, 由穿孔相互衔接 Long straight chain by dead cells, jointed each other by perforations	输导水分和无机盐 Transport water and inorganic salt
管胞 Tracheid	Di, Nu, Ar, De, CWT	由单个细胞组成, 其不具穿孔 Consists of single cell without perforation	运输水分及矿物质, 机械支持 Transport water and minerals, mechanical support
树脂道 Resin canal	Di, Nu, An	由分泌细胞彼此分离而形成, 贮存分泌物 Developed as the divergence of secretory cells, storing secretions	对昆虫和病原菌防御反应的第一道防线 The first line of defense reaction to insects and pathogens
木射线 Ray	Nu, CWT, An	由活射线薄壁细胞构成 Consists of living ray parenchyma cells	径向输导液流 Radial transmission of sap
微纤丝 Micro-fibril	Nu, An	由纤维素分子束聚合而成, 平行排列 Aggregated by cellulose molecular beams, with parallel arrangement	细胞壁组分, 影响细胞及木材的机械性能 Components of cell wall, affect the mechanical properties of cell and wood

类型 Type	参数 Parameter	特征 Feature	作用 Function
导管 Vessel	Di, Nu, Ar, De, GF	由死细胞串联而成, 由穿孔相互衔接 Long straight chain by dead cells, jointed each other by perforations	输导水分和无机盐 Transport water and inorganic salt
管胞 Tracheid	Di, Nu, Ar, De, CWT	由单个细胞组成, 其不具穿孔 Consists of single cell without perforation	运输水分及矿物质, 机械支持 Transport water and minerals, mechanical support
树脂道 Resin canal	Di, Nu, An	由分泌细胞彼此分离而形成, 贮存分泌物 Developed as the divergence of secretory cells, storing secretions	对昆虫和病原菌防御反应的第一道防线 The first line of defense reaction to insects and pathogens
木射线 Ray	Nu, CWT, An	由活射线薄壁细胞构成 Consists of living ray parenchyma cells	径向输导液流 Radial transmission of sap
微纤丝 Micro-fibril	Nu, An	由纤维素分子束聚合而成, 平行排列 Aggregated by cellulose molecular beams, with parallel arrangement	细胞壁组分, 影响细胞及木材的机械性能 Components of cell wall, affect the mechanical properties of cell and wood

项目 Item	显微切片法 Micro section method		直接打磨法 Direct polishing method
项目 Item	传统切片 Conventional slicing	现代切片 Contemporary slicing	直接打磨法 Direct polishing method
适用样品类型 Applicable sample type	微生长芯(短) Micro-core (short)	普通生长芯(长) General core (long)	普通生长芯或圆盘(长) General core or disk (long)
样品预处理流程 Sample pretreatment process	固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋、切片、粘片、脱蜡、染色等 Fixation, dehydration, paraffin, embedding, sectioning, sticky pills, dewaxing and dyeing etc.	切片及染色等 Sectioning and staining, etc.	打磨、清洗及增加对比度等 Grinding, cleaning and increasing contrast, etc.
适用尺度 Applicable scale	细胞或亚细胞 Cells or subcellular	细胞或亚细胞 Cells or subcellular	细胞 Cell
适宜组织部位 Applicable site	韧皮部或木质部 Phloem or xylem	木质部 Xylem	木质部 Xylem
分辨率 Resolution	高 High	高 High	略低 Slightly low
工作量 Workload	重 Heavy	轻 Light	适中 Moderate
主要设备 Major equipment	普通切片机和成像显微镜 General microtome and imaging microscope	专用切片机和成像显微镜 Specialized microtome and imaging microscope	高分辨率相机或扫描仪 High resolution camera or scanner

项目 Item	显微切片法 Micro section method		直接打磨法 Direct polishing method
项目 Item	传统切片 Conventional slicing	现代切片 Contemporary slicing	直接打磨法 Direct polishing method
适用样品类型 Applicable sample type	微生长芯(短) Micro-core (short)	普通生长芯(长) General core (long)	普通生长芯或圆盘(长) General core or disk (long)
样品预处理流程 Sample pretreatment process	固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋、切片、粘片、脱蜡、染色等 Fixation, dehydration, paraffin, embedding, sectioning, sticky pills, dewaxing and dyeing etc.	切片及染色等 Sectioning and staining, etc.	打磨、清洗及增加对比度等 Grinding, cleaning and increasing contrast, etc.
适用尺度 Applicable scale	细胞或亚细胞 Cells or subcellular	细胞或亚细胞 Cells or subcellular	细胞 Cell
适宜组织部位 Applicable site	韧皮部或木质部 Phloem or xylem	木质部 Xylem	木质部 Xylem
分辨率 Resolution	高 High	高 High	略低 Slightly low
工作量 Workload	重 Heavy	轻 Light	适中 Moderate
主要设备 Major equipment	普通切片机和成像显微镜 General microtome and imaging microscope	专用切片机和成像显微镜 Specialized microtome and imaging microscope	高分辨率相机或扫描仪 High resolution camera or scanner

树轮木质部解剖特征及其与环境变化的关系

Anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree rings and its relationship with environments

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