植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1326-1335.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0360 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0360
马佳正1, 陈雨婷1, 马松梅1,*()(
), 张丹2, 贺凌云1
收稿日期:
2023-12-04
接受日期:
2024-05-22
出版日期:
2024-10-20
发布日期:
2024-12-03
通讯作者:
马松梅
基金资助:
MA Jia-Zheng1, CHEN Yu-Ting1, MA Song-Mei1,*()(
), ZHANG Dan2, HE Ling-Yun1
Received:
2023-12-04
Accepted:
2024-05-22
Online:
2024-10-20
Published:
2024-12-03
Contact:
MA Song-Mei
Supported by:
摘要:
典型沙生植物白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)在中国主要分布在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠, 随着第四纪沙漠形成、扩展发生过大范围的迁移扩张事件, 开展物种的遗传格局与迁移路径研究, 有助于深入理解其分布与进化。该研究利用白梭梭的自然分布数据与不同地理种群的trnS-trnG、trnV和ITS序列组合数据, 整合GIS空间分析、物种分布模型、GIS扩散路径分析、单倍型网络分析、分子方差分析等探究古尔班通古特沙漠12个自然分布种群的空间遗传变异格局, 利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟末次盛冰期和当前气候下的物种适宜分布格局, 分析冰后期的种群动态及其迁移扩散路径。主要结果有: (1) trnS-trnG和trnV组合序列比对长度为1 340 bp, 共定义9个叶绿体DNA (cpDNA)单倍型; ITS1-ITS4序列长576 bp, 共定义6个核糖体DNA (nrDNA)单倍型; (2)种群总的遗传多样性(HT)为0.862 (cpDNA)和0.777 (nrDNA), 显著高于种群内平均遗传多样性(HS) (0.155 (cpDNA)和0.217 (nrDNA)), 超过76%的遗传变异发生于采样的不同种群间; (3)分子错配分布曲线显示白梭梭存在近期种群扩张, 扩散路径分析结果显示末次盛冰期白梭梭主要沿古尔班通古特沙漠南缘发生由东向西的扩散; 在当前气候下, 仍然呈沿沙漠南缘向西扩散的路径, 但迁移的幅度明显降低。古尔班通古特沙漠白梭梭种群具有较高的遗传多样性, 种群间遗传分化显著, 末次盛冰期以来白梭梭显示出沿沙漠边缘迁移的扩散模式, 其中古尔班通古特沙漠南缘是白梭梭最重要的扩散路径, 是连接其东西种群的重要通道。
马佳正, 陈雨婷, 马松梅, 张丹, 贺凌云. 基于多源数据的新疆沙漠植物白梭梭遗传格局与扩散路径模拟. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(10): 1326-1335. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0360
MA Jia-Zheng, CHEN Yu-Ting, MA Song-Mei, ZHANG Dan, HE Ling-Yun. Genetic pattern and diffusion path simulation of Haloxylon persicum in Xinjiang based on multi-source data. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(10): 1326-1335. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0360
序列 Sequence | 单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity | 核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity | 总遗传多样性 Total genetic diversity | 种群内平均遗传多样性 Average genetic diversity within populations | GST | NST |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 0.749 | 0.000 95 | 0.862* | 0.155 | 0.820 | 0.832 |
nrDNA | 0.600 | 0.001 42 | 0.777* | 0.217 | 0.764 | 0.723 |
表1 新疆白梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化系数
Table 1 Genetic diversity and coefficient of genetic differentiation for Haloxylon persicum in Xinjiang
序列 Sequence | 单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity | 核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity | 总遗传多样性 Total genetic diversity | 种群内平均遗传多样性 Average genetic diversity within populations | GST | NST |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 0.749 | 0.000 95 | 0.862* | 0.155 | 0.820 | 0.832 |
nrDNA | 0.600 | 0.001 42 | 0.777* | 0.217 | 0.764 | 0.723 |
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 平方和 Sum of squares | 变异组成 Variance components | 变异所占比例 Percentage of variation (%) | 固定指数 Fixation index (FST) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 种群间 Among populations | 12 | 6.750 | 0.69 | 80.65 | 0.81 |
种群内 Within populations | 94 | 1.333 | 0.17 | 19.35 | ||
总变异 Total variation | 106 | 8.083 | 0.86 | |||
nrDNA | 种群间 Among populations | 12 | 5.417 | 0.55 | 76.62 | 0.76 |
种群内 Within populations | 94 | 1.333 | 0.17 | 23.38 | ||
总变异 Total variation | 106 | 6.750 | 0.71 |
表2 新疆白梭梭种群的分子方差分析(AMOVA)
Table 2 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for populations of Haloxylon persicum in Xinjiang
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 平方和 Sum of squares | 变异组成 Variance components | 变异所占比例 Percentage of variation (%) | 固定指数 Fixation index (FST) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 种群间 Among populations | 12 | 6.750 | 0.69 | 80.65 | 0.81 |
种群内 Within populations | 94 | 1.333 | 0.17 | 19.35 | ||
总变异 Total variation | 106 | 8.083 | 0.86 | |||
nrDNA | 种群间 Among populations | 12 | 5.417 | 0.55 | 76.62 | 0.76 |
种群内 Within populations | 94 | 1.333 | 0.17 | 23.38 | ||
总变异 Total variation | 106 | 6.750 | 0.71 |
图1 白梭梭12个地理种群和9个叶绿体DNA (cpDNA)单倍型(H1-H9)及6个核糖体DNA (nrDNA)单倍型(R1-R6)的地理分布(A)及其单倍型网络(B)。BFH, 阿勒泰地区福海县黄金海岸; BFK, 阜康市; BGH, 甘家湖梭梭自然保护区; BGN, 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘; BLT, 沙湾市奎屯县; BQT, 奇台县北沙窝; BSB, 石河子一三四团沙门子镇; BSC, 石河子一四九团莫索湾垦区; BSD, 石河子一五○团; BSM, 石河子一四七团北部沙漠; BSS, 石河子一三四团安集海; BSY, 石河子一三四团下野地。
Fig. 1 Sampling localities, geographic distribution (A) and the haplotype network (B) of 9 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes (labelled as H1-H9) and 6 nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) haplotypes (labelled as R1-R6), identified from 12 populations of Haloxylon persicum. BFH, gold coast of Fuhai County, Altay Region; BFK, Fukang City; BGH, Ganjiahu Saxoul Nature Reserve; BGN, southern edge of Gurbantünggüt Desert; BLT, Kuytun County, Shawan City; BQT, Beishawo of Qitai County; BSB, Shamenzi Town of Shihezi Corps 134th; BSC, Mosuowan Reclamation Area of Shihezi Corps 149th; BSD, Shihezi Corps 150th; BSM, desert of northern Shihezi Corps 147th; BSS, Anjihai Town of Shihezi Corps 134th; BSY, Xiayedi Town of Shihezi Corps 134th.
图2 末次盛冰期和当前气候下古尔班通古特沙漠白梭梭的适宜分布范围(A、B)和可能的迁移扩散廊道(C、D)。图C、D的颜色从蓝色到红色代表了物种潜在扩散路径可能性从低到高。CC, 当前气候; ED, 斑块边缘密度指数; LGM, 末次盛冰期; Na, 生境分布面积比。
Fig. 2 Suitable distribution (A, B) and dispersal corridors (C, D) for Haloxylon persicum in Gurbantünggüt Desert in Last Glacial Maximum and current climate. The colors in figures C and D from blue to red represent the possibility of potential dispersal paths from low to high. CC, current climate; ED, edge density; LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; Na, habitat distribution area ratio.
序列 Sequence | Fu’s Fs | Tajima’s D | 离差平方和 Sum of squared deviation | 粗糙度指数 Raggedness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 1.259 | 1.264 | 0.094* | 0.273* |
nrDNA | 2.024 | 1.665 | 0.020* | 0.211* |
表3 基于cpDNA和nrDNA的白梭梭中性检验结果和错配分布分析
Table 3 Results of neutrality tests for all populations of Haloxylon persicum based on the cpDNA and nrDNA dataset
序列 Sequence | Fu’s Fs | Tajima’s D | 离差平方和 Sum of squared deviation | 粗糙度指数 Raggedness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 1.259 | 1.264 | 0.094* | 0.273* |
nrDNA | 2.024 | 1.665 | 0.020* | 0.211* |
图3 白梭梭所有种群的错配分布曲线。cpDNA, 叶绿体DNA; nrDNA, 核糖体DNA。
Fig. 3 Mismatch distribution analysis for Haloxylon persicum populations. cpDNA, chloroplast DNA; nrDNA, nuclear ribosomal DNA.
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