生物结皮对5种不同形态的荒漠植物种子萌发的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物结皮广泛分布于干旱、半干旱区, 强烈影响着土壤表层理化特性, 进而对种子散布、萌发和定居产生影响。目前关于生物结皮与植物种子萌发关系的研究结论存在争议。该文通过室内人工控制实验, 研究了生物结皮对古尔班通古特沙漠5种具不同种子形态特征的荒漠植物白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)、蛇麻黄(Ephedra distachya)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenaarius)、涩芥(Malcolmia africana)和狭果鹤虱(Lappula semiglabra)的种子萌发的影响。结果表明, 在干燥和湿润两种条件下, 生物结皮对不同形态植物种子萌发均具有不同的作用。在干燥条件下, 生物结皮显著抑制了角果藜和涩芥种子的萌发(p<0.05), 对其它3种植物无显著影响; 而湿润条件下, 生物结皮显著抑制了白梭梭、角果藜和狭果鹤虱种子的萌发(p<0.05), 对蛇麻黄、涩芥则无显著影响。

关键词: 生物结皮, 种子萌发, 种子形态, 荒漠植物, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

Aims As a universal, common feature in arid and semi-arid regions, biological crusts can affect soil surface properties which may relate to seed dispersal, germination and establishment of vascular plants. Numerous studies have addressed aspects of the influence of crusts on vascular plants; however, the interaction between crusts and vascular plants is controversial. Our objective was to examine effects of biological crusts on seed germination of desert vascular plants with different seed morphologies in Gurbantunggut Desert, China.
Methods Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, has well-developed biological crusts. We conducted a series of shadow experiments to examine the effects of biological crusts on seed germination of Haloxylon persicum, Ephedra distachya, Ceratocarpus arenaarius, Malcolmia africana and Lappula semiglabra.
Important findings The effects of biological crusts on germination were variable under both moist and dry conditions. The presence of crusts significantly reduced germination of Ceratocarpus arenaarius and Malcolmia africana compared with surfaces from which the crusts had been removed, but there was no significant effect on germination of the other species under dry conditions. Under moist conditions, seed germination of Haloxylon persicum, Ceratocarpus arenaarius and Lappula semiglabra was significantly lower on crust than on the surface devoided of crust, and there was no significant effect for Ephedra distachya and Malcolmia africana. In general, biological crusts affected the germination of some vascular plants, but whether the effect was negative or positive depended on water condition and biological characteristics of the seeds.

Key words: biological crusts, seed germination, seed morphology, desert vascular plants, Gurbantonggut Desert

聂华丽, 张元明, 吴楠, 张静, 张丙昌. 生物结皮对5种不同形态的荒漠植物种子萌发的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.018

NIE Hua-Li, ZHANG Yuan-Ming, WU Nan, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Bing-Chang. EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL CRUSTS ON THE GERMINATION OF FIVE DESERT VASCULAR PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT SEED MORPHOLOGIES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I1/161

图/表 7

图1 5种荒漠植物种子形态结构 a: 白梭梭 Haloxylon persicum b: 角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenaarius c: 狭果鹤虱 Lappula semiglabra d: 蛇麻黄 Ephedra distachya e: 涩芥 Malcolmia Africana 图中比例尺表示种子放大倍数

Fig. 1 Seed morphological characteristics of five desert plants Scales in figures indicate magnified multiple of seeds

图2 5种植物种子在滤纸上的萌发率图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)

Fig. 2 Seed germination percentage of five desert plants on filter paper Different small letter indicate difference is significant at the 0.05 level

图3 干燥条件下生物结皮对5种植物种子萌发率的影响 *: 表示差异显著(p<0.05) Mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level **: 表示差异极显著(p<0.01) Mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level 下同 The same as below

Fig. 3 Effects of crusts on seed germination percentage of five desert vascular plants under dry condition

图4 湿润条件下生物结皮对5种植物种子萌发率的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of crusts on seed germination percentage of five desert vascular plants under moist condition

表1 主效应方差分析表

Table 1 Tests of between subjects effects

变异来源 Source	III型平方和 Type III Sum of Squares	df	均方 Mean Square	F	P
校正模型 Corrected Model	4.558	19	0.24	39.806	0
截距 Intercept	35.085	1	35.085	5 821.268	0
物种 Species	0.972	4	0.243	40.324	0
结皮处理 Crust treatment	0.303	1	0.303	50.208	0
水分条件 Water condition	2.677	1	2.677	444.238	0
物种×结皮 Species×crust	0.175	4	0.044	7.265	0
物种×水分 Species×water	0.164	4	0.041	6.82	0
结皮×水分 Crust×water	0.002	1	0.002	0.413	0.522
物种×结皮×水分 Species×crust×water	0.264	4	0.066	10.954	0
误差 Error	0.482	80	0.006
总和 Total	40.126	100
校正总和 Corrected Total	5.041	99

表2 5种植物种子在不同水分处理下的萌发速率

Table 2 Germination rate of five desert plants under different water condition

物种 Species	萌发速率 Germination rate
	干燥 Dry		湿润 Moist
	完整结皮 Entire curst	去结皮 Devoid curst	完整结皮 Entire curst	去结皮 Devoid curst
白梭梭 Haloxylon persicum	5.16	3.75	10.21**	19.05
蛇麻黄 Ephedra distachya	9.06	13.07	22.44	21.21
角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenaarius	4.12**	11.10	13.2**	21.16
涩芥 Malcolmia africana	1.65**	8.64	11.99	15.80
狭果鹤虱 Lappula semiglabra	2.65	1.27	13.65**	19.00

图5 生物结皮对5种植物种子萌发速率的影响 CD和SD分别代表干燥下的完整结皮和去结皮处理; CM和SM代表湿润下的完整和去结皮处理

Fig. 5 Effects of crusts on seed germination rate of five desert vascular plants CD: Entire crust under dry condition SD: Devoid crust under dry condition CM: Entire crust under moist condition SM: Devoid crust under moist condition

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