三种种植方式对土壤微生物群落组成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00965

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物是表征土壤质量变化的敏感指标之一。借助长期定位试验, 采用磷脂脂肪酸分析方法研究了3种种植方式(玉米(Zea mays)连作、玉米非连作和撂荒)对土壤微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明, 在不同的种植方式下, 土壤微生物群落组成有明显的差异。玉米连作的土壤中总磷脂脂肪酸和细菌磷脂脂肪酸含量最低, 分别为33.12 nmol·g^-1和18.09 nmol·g^-1。非连作的土壤真菌磷脂脂肪酸和真菌/细菌分别为0.61 nmol·g^-1和3.06%, 显著低于撂荒和连作(p < 0.05), 非连作方式下, 革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌增大。撂荒土壤的总磷脂脂肪酸和细菌磷脂脂肪酸分别为42.98和24.68 nmol·g^-1, 高于耕作处理。同时, 在撂荒方式下, 革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌的含量增加, 革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌降低。主成分分析结果表明: 耕作处理(玉米连作和非连作)分布第一主成分负方向上, 第一主成分得分系数分别为-2.48和-1.84; 撂荒分布第一主成分正方向上, 第一主成分得分系数为2.31, 与连作和非连作差异显著(p < 0.05)。冗余分析(RDA)表明: 土壤pH、总氮、有效磷和土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量与磷脂脂肪酸呈正相关, 并且土壤pH和土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量对土壤微生物群落的影响最大。

关键词: 玉米连作, 微生物群落结构, 磷脂脂肪酸, 种植方式

Abstract:

Aims Planting patterns have direct effects on soil microorganisms. Because of different plants and human activities, planting patterns change soil fertility. Our objective is to understand the effects of different planting patterns on soil microbial community structure.
Methods We carried out a long-term field experiment at Jilin Agriculture University that used phospholipid fatty acid analysis method to study the effects of three planting patterns of corn: continuous cropping, non-continuous cropping and uncultivated.
Important findings Different planting patterns affected soil microbial community structure. Continuous cropping of corn had the lowest total phospholipid fatty acids and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (33.12 nmol·g^-1 and 18.09 nmol·g^-1, respectively). Fungal phospholipid fatty acids and fungi/bacteria with non-continuous cropping were 0.61 nmol^.g^-1and 3.06%, respectively, and were significantly lower than with uncultivated and continuous cropping (p < 0.05). But the ratio of gram positive phospholipid fatty acids/gram negative phospholipid fatty acids was greater with non-continuous cropping. The uncultivated treatment had greater total and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (42.98 nmol·g^-1 and 24.68 nmol·g^-1, respectively), higher contents of gram positive phospholipid fatty acids and gram negative phospholipid fatty acids, and a lower ratio of gram positive phospholipid fatty acids/gram negative phospholipid fatty acids. Principal component analysis showed that soil microbial community structure with cropping was significant different (p < 0.05) with that of uncultured in first principal component. Non-continuous cropping and continuous cropping were negatively positioned in first principal component with principal component scores of -2.48 and -1.84, respectively. Uncultivated was in a positive position in first principal component with a principal component score of 2.31. Redundancy analysis of soil microbial community structure and environmental variables showed that soil pH and soil-water stable aggragates had the strongest positive correlation with phospholipid fatty acids and that total nitrogen and available phosphorus were also positively correlated with phospholipid fatty acids.

Key words: continuous cropping of corn, microbial community structure, phospholipid fatty acid, planting patterns

时鹏, 王淑平, 贾书刚, 高强, 孙晓强. 三种种植方式对土壤微生物群落组成的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(9): 965-972. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00965

SHI Peng, WANG Shu-Ping, JIA Shu-Gang, GAO Qiang, SUN Xiao-Qiang. Effects of three planting patterns on soil microbial community composition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(9): 965-972. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00965

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00965

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I9/965

图/表 6

表1 土壤基本理化性质(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Soil basic physical and chemical properties (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	连作 Continuous cropping	非连作 Non-continuous cropping	撂荒 Uncultivated
pH (水土比 water : soil 1 : 2.5)	6.84 ± 0.05^b	7.01 ± 0.15^b	7.56 ± 0.09^a
总碳 Total C (g·kg^-1)	14.9 ± 0.2^b	17.9 ± 0.3^a	15.4 ± 0.5^b
总氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	1.3 ± 0.0^b	1.5 ± 0.0^a	1.3 ± 0.0^ab
碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable N (mg·kg^-1)	96.1 ± 6.7^a	94.9 ± 0.5^a	96.0 ± 0.7^a
硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	5.78 ± 0.09^a	9.29 ± 2.40^a	9.91 ± 2.35^a
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	0.12 ± 0.05^b	0.45 ± 0.02^a	0.18 ± 0.10^b
有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	10.0 ± 0.5^c	22.3 ± 0.4^b	24.5 ± 1.6^a
土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量 Contents of soil-water stable aggragate > 0.25 mm (%)	21.4 ± 1.0^a	23.3 ± 1.9^a	28.0 ± 2.4^a

表2 土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸、细菌磷脂脂肪酸、真菌磷脂脂肪酸和真菌/细菌(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Soil microbial total phospholipid fatty acids, bacterial phospholipid fatty acids, fungal phospholipid fatty acids and fungi/ bacteria (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	总磷脂脂肪酸 Total phospholipid fatty acids (nmol·g^-1)	细菌磷脂脂肪酸 Bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (nmol·g^-1)	真菌磷脂脂肪酸 Fungal phospholipid fatty acids (nmol·g^-1)	真菌/细菌 Fungi/Bacteria (%)
连作 Continuous cropping	33.12 ± 2.90^a	18.09 ± 1.55^a	2.91 ± 0.41^a	15.95 ± 1.14^a
非连作 Non-continuous cropping	33.81 ± 5.28^a	19.26 ± 2.73^a	0.61 ± 0.17^b	3.06 ± 0.44^b
撂荒 Uncultivated	42.98 ± 8.81^a	24.68 ± 4.86^a	2.62 ± 0.67^a	11.01 ± 2.22^a

图1 不同种植方式细菌的磷脂脂肪酸含量和比值(平均值±标准误差)。同一指标下不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Contents of bacterial phospholipid fatty acids and their ratios in different planting patterns (mean ± SE). Values within same index with different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05 level. CC, continuous cropping; CYCLO, cyclopropyl fatty acids; MONO, monounsaturated fatty acids; NCC, non-continuous cropping. NSAT, normal saturated fatty acids; TBSAT, terminally branched saturated fatty acids; UC, uncultivated.

图2 土壤微生物群落结构主成分分析(A)和磷脂脂肪酸初始载荷因子主成分分析(B)。

Fig. 2 Principal component analysis of soil microbial community structure (A) and eigenvector of phospholipid fatty acids contributing to soil microbial communities ordination pattern (B). CC, continuous cropping; NCC, non-continuous cropping; PC1, first principal component; PC2, second principal component; UC, uncultivated.

表3 不同处理主成分得分系数(平均值±标准误差)

Table 3 Principal component scores for different treatments (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	第一主成分 First principal component	第二主成分 Second principal component
连作 Continuous cropping	-2.48 ± 0.82^b	0.66 ± 1.01^a
非连作 Non-continuous cropping	-1.84 ± 0.73^b	1.23 ± 1.82^a
撂荒 Uncultivated	2.31 ± 1.47^a	-1.89 ± 0.90^a

图3 土壤微生物群落结构与环境因子的冗余分析。 △, 连作; □, 非连作; ○, 撂荒。AN, 碱解氮; AP, 有效磷; NO3--N, 硝态氮; NH4+-N, 铵态氮; pH, 酸碱度; SOM, 有机质; SWSA, 土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量; TC, 总碳; TN, 总氮。

Fig. 3 Redundancy analysis of soil microbial community structure and environmental variables.

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