林下植被剔除对杉木林土壤呼吸和微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0076

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 797-806.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0076

林下植被剔除对杉木林土壤呼吸和微生物群落结构的影响

贺同鑫^1,², 李艳鹏^1,², 张方月^1,², 王清奎^1,^3*()

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,沈阳 110164
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³中国科学院会同森林生态实验站, 湖南会同 418307

收稿日期:2015-02-10 接受日期:2015-06-10 出版日期:2015-08-01 发布日期:2015-08-17
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:dengchuanyuan@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB- 15010301和XDA05070305)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB416905)

Effects of understory removal on soil respiration and microbial community composition structure in a Chinese fir plantation

HE Tong-Xin^1,², LI Yan-Peng^1,², ZHANG Fang-Yue^1,², WANG Qing-Kui^1,^3,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huitong, Hunan 418307, China

Received:2015-02-10 Accepted:2015-06-10 Online:2015-08-01 Published:2015-08-17
Contact: Qing-Kui WANG
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以湖南会同地区26年生杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林为研究对象, 探讨剔除林下植被对土壤呼吸和微生物群落结构的影响。2012年6月将林下植被剔除后, 2012年7月-2014年7月每月测定一次土壤呼吸速率、5 cm土壤温度和含水量, 并分别于2013年7月和2014年7月测定了土壤微生物群落结构和土壤养分数据。研究结果表明: 杉木人工林土壤呼吸具有明显的季节变化规律, 且与5 cm深处的土壤温度呈极显著的正相关关系。林下植被剔除两年内土壤呼吸平均下降了32.8%, 2012年7月-2013年6月下降了42.9%, 2013年7月-2014年7月下降了22.2%。根据土壤呼吸与温度拟合的指数方程所计算出的土壤呼吸的温度敏感性Q₁₀值在对照区为2.10, 林下植被剔除区为1.87, 说明在杉木人工林系统中林下植被剔除2年降低了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。此外, 林下植被剔除也改变了土壤微生物群落结构。林下植被剔除1年后, 土壤细菌的浓度没有发生改变, 但真菌的浓度降低, 导致真菌与细菌的浓度比值下降。此外, 革兰氏阳性细菌(G⁺)的浓度及其与革兰氏阴性菌(G^-)的比值升高。林下植被剔除2年后, G⁺浓度和G⁺与G^-的浓度比值降低。该研究表明林下植被剔除可以降低土壤呼吸, 从而减少土壤向大气中释放碳; 同时可改变土壤微生物群落结构, 而且其效应受作用时间的影响。

关键词: CO2通量, 杉木人工林, 磷脂脂肪酸, 温度敏感性, 林下植被剔除

Abstract:

Aims Soil respiration (R_s) is the largest fraction of carbon flux in forest ecosystems, but the effects of forest understory removal on R_s in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) plantations is poorly understood. In order to quantify the effects of forest understory removal on R_s and microbial community composition, a field experiment was conducted in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation. Methods Forest understory was removed manually in June 2012. R_s was measured monthly using a LI-COR 8100 infrared gas analyzer from July 2012 through July 2014. Soil temperature and moisture were also measured at 5 cm depth at the time of R_s measurements. Surface soil (0-10 cm) samples were collected in July 2013 and 2014, respectively, and the soil microbial community structures were determined by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis. Important findings R_s decreased by 32.8% over a two-year period following understory removal (UR), with a greater rate of decrease in the first year (42.9%) than in the second year (22.2%). The temperature sensitivity of R_s was affected by UR, and was 2.10 and 1.87 in the control and UR plots, respectively. UR significantly reduced the concentration of fungal PLFAs by 18.3%, but did not affect the concentration of bacterial PLFAs, resulting in an increase in the fungal:bacterial ratio; it significantly increased the concentration of gram-positive bacterial PLFAs by 24.5%, and the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial PLFAs after one year of treatment, but decreased the concentration of gram-positive bacterial PLFAs by 9.4% and the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial PLFAs after two years of treatment. The results suggested that R_s and microbial community composition were both affected by UR in Chinese fir plantation, and the effects were dependent of the duration following the UR treatment.

Key words: CO2 efflux, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, phospholipid fatty acid, temperature sensitivity, understory removal

贺同鑫, 李艳鹏, 张方月, 王清奎. 林下植被剔除对杉木林土壤呼吸和微生物群落结构的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(8): 797-806. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0076

HE Tong-Xin,LI Yan-Peng,ZHANG Fang-Yue,WANG Qing-Kui. Effects of understory removal on soil respiration and microbial community composition structure in a Chinese fir plantation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(8): 797-806. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0076

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0076

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I8/797

图/表 7

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微生物群落 Soil microbial community	磷酸脂肪酸标记物 Phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers	文献 Reference
细菌 Bacteria	i14:0; i15:0; a15:0; i16:0; 16:1ω7t; i17:0; a17:0; 18:1ω7c; cy19:0	Frostegård et al., 1993
真菌 Fungi	18:1ω9; 18:2ω6,9	Bossio et al., 1998
革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram-positive bacteria	i14:0; i15:0; a15:0; i16:0; i17:0; a17:0	Waldrop & Firestone, 2004; Sampedro et al., 2006
革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram-negative bacteria	16:1ω7t; 17:1ω8c; 18:1ω7c; cy17:0; cy19:0	Sampedro et al., 2006
放线菌 Actinomycete	10Me 16:0; 10Me 17:0; 10Me18:0	Frostegård et al., 1993

微生物群落 Soil microbial community	磷酸脂肪酸标记物 Phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers	文献 Reference
细菌 Bacteria	i14:0; i15:0; a15:0; i16:0; 16:1ω7t; i17:0; a17:0; 18:1ω7c; cy19:0	Frostegård et al., 1993
真菌 Fungi	18:1ω9; 18:2ω6,9	Bossio et al., 1998
革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram-positive bacteria	i14:0; i15:0; a15:0; i16:0; i17:0; a17:0	Waldrop & Firestone, 2004; Sampedro et al., 2006
革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram-negative bacteria	16:1ω7t; 17:1ω8c; 18:1ω7c; cy17:0; cy19:0	Sampedro et al., 2006
放线菌 Actinomycete	10Me 16:0; 10Me 17:0; 10Me18:0	Frostegård et al., 1993

	2013		2014
	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (mg·kg^-1)	406.70 ± 7.70^a	373.20 ± 21.60^a	591.00 ± 26.50^a	510.90 ± 4.00^b
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)	403.40 ± 12.30^a	274.60 ± 31.70^b	425.00 ± 5.60^a	377.90 ± 5.60^b
NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	15.30 ± 0.50^b	19.50 ± 1.10^a	13.80 ± 0.50^a	13.70 ± 0.20^a
NO₃^–-N (mg·kg^-1)	7.70 ± 0.30^a	2.60 ± 0.50^b	2.80 ± 0.20^a	2.50 ± 0.30^a
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	1.40 ± 0.10^a	0.80 ± 0.20^b	2.40 ± 0.10^a	1.80 ± 0.10^b
pH值 pH value	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.01^a
根系生物量 Root biomass (Mg·hm^-2)			0.40 ± 0.03^b	0.80 ± 0.01^a
根中碳含量 Root C content (%)			45.90 ± 0.40^a	46.70 ± 0.01^a
根中氮含量 Root N content (%)			0.60 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.02^b

	2013		2014
	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (mg·kg^-1)	406.70 ± 7.70^a	373.20 ± 21.60^a	591.00 ± 26.50^a	510.90 ± 4.00^b
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)	403.40 ± 12.30^a	274.60 ± 31.70^b	425.00 ± 5.60^a	377.90 ± 5.60^b
NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	15.30 ± 0.50^b	19.50 ± 1.10^a	13.80 ± 0.50^a	13.70 ± 0.20^a
NO₃^–-N (mg·kg^-1)	7.70 ± 0.30^a	2.60 ± 0.50^b	2.80 ± 0.20^a	2.50 ± 0.30^a
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	1.40 ± 0.10^a	0.80 ± 0.20^b	2.40 ± 0.10^a	1.80 ± 0.10^b
pH值 pH value	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.02^a	3.60 ± 0.01^a
根系生物量 Root biomass (Mg·hm^-2)			0.40 ± 0.03^b	0.80 ± 0.01^a
根中碳含量 Root C content (%)			45.90 ± 0.40^a	46.70 ± 0.01^a
根中氮含量 Root N content (%)			0.60 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.02^b

	Q₁₀	R_s= ae^bTW ^c				n
	Q₁₀	a	b	c	r	n
对照 Control	2.10	0.27	0.078	0.11	0.94^**	24
林下植被剔除 Understory removal	1.87	1.44	0.061	-0.39	0.84^**	24

林下植被剔除对杉木林土壤呼吸和微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of understory removal on soil respiration and microbial community composition structure in a Chinese fir plantation

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	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^–-N	有效磷 Available phosphorus	可溶性碳 Dissolved organic carbon	微生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon	pH值 pH value
总磷脂脂肪酸浓度 Concentration of total phospholipid fatty acids	-0.67^*	-0.49	0.85^**	0.96^**	0.52	-0.26
细菌浓度 Concentration of bacteria	-0.61^*	-0.56	0.77^**	0.94^**	0.39	-0.26
真菌浓度 Concentration of fungi	-0.72^**	-0.39	0.88^**	0.96^**	0.62^*	-0.28
真菌:细菌浓度比值 Ratio of fungi to bacteria concentration	-0.78^**	0.06	0.83^**	0.73^**	0.85^**	-0.25
革兰氏阳性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-positive bacteria	-0.59^*	-0.65^*	0.80^**	0.92^**	0.38	-0.18
革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-negative bacteria	-0.49	-0.57	0.61^*	0.77^**	0.32	-0.03
革兰氏阳性细菌:革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria concentration concentration ration	-0.52	-0.60^*	0.79^**	0.88^**	0.37	-0.26
放线菌浓度 Concentration of actinomycete	-0.63^*	-0.47	0.86^**	0.87^**	0.63^*	-0.20

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	2013		2014
	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal
总磷脂脂肪酸浓度 Concentration of total phospholipid fatty acids (nmol·g^-1)	36.2 ± 0.7^a	35.2 ± 1.0^a	61.7 ± 2.9^a	55.5 ± 2.4^a
细菌浓度 Concentration of bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	22.6 ± 1.0^a	24.6 ± 1.8^a	38.5 ± 1.5^a	34.9 ± 1.5^a
真菌浓度 Concentration of fungi (nmol·g^-1)	7.4 ± 0.2^a	6.0 ± 0.0^b	14.1 ± 1.0^a	12.1 ± 0.6^a
真菌:细菌浓度比值 Ratio of fungi to bacteria concentration	0.33 ± 0.02^a	0.25 ± 0.02^b	0.37 ± 0.01^a	0.35 ± 0.00^a
革兰氏阳性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-positive bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	7.5 ± 0.3^b	9.3 ± 0.3^a	16.6 ± 0.5^a	15.0 ± 0.3^b
革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-negative bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	7.7 ± 0.5^a	8.2 ± 0.1^a	10.1 ± 0.5^a	10.7 ± 0.6^a
革兰氏阳性细菌:革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria concentration	0.97 ± 0.05^b	1.1 ± 0.03^a	1.8 ± 0.05^a	1.4 ± 0.06^b
放线菌浓度 Concentration of actinomycete (nmol·g^-1)	3.9 ± 0.2^a	3.7 ± 0.3^a	5.4 ± 0.2^a	5.3 ± 0.1^a

	2013		2014
	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal	对照 Control	林下植被剔除 Understory removal
总磷脂脂肪酸浓度 Concentration of total phospholipid fatty acids (nmol·g^-1)	36.2 ± 0.7^a	35.2 ± 1.0^a	61.7 ± 2.9^a	55.5 ± 2.4^a
细菌浓度 Concentration of bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	22.6 ± 1.0^a	24.6 ± 1.8^a	38.5 ± 1.5^a	34.9 ± 1.5^a
真菌浓度 Concentration of fungi (nmol·g^-1)	7.4 ± 0.2^a	6.0 ± 0.0^b	14.1 ± 1.0^a	12.1 ± 0.6^a
真菌:细菌浓度比值 Ratio of fungi to bacteria concentration	0.33 ± 0.02^a	0.25 ± 0.02^b	0.37 ± 0.01^a	0.35 ± 0.00^a
革兰氏阳性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-positive bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	7.5 ± 0.3^b	9.3 ± 0.3^a	16.6 ± 0.5^a	15.0 ± 0.3^b
革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Concentration of Gram-negative bacteria (nmol·g^-1)	7.7 ± 0.5^a	8.2 ± 0.1^a	10.1 ± 0.5^a	10.7 ± 0.6^a
革兰氏阳性细菌:革兰氏阴性细菌浓度 Ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria concentration	0.97 ± 0.05^b	1.1 ± 0.03^a	1.8 ± 0.05^a	1.4 ± 0.06^b
放线菌浓度 Concentration of actinomycete (nmol·g^-1)	3.9 ± 0.2^a	3.7 ± 0.3^a	5.4 ± 0.2^a	5.3 ± 0.1^a