羊草+大针茅草原退化群落优势种群空间点格局分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草原退化的特征主要表现为群落生产力的大幅下降和植物个体的小型化, 同时, 退化的草原生态系统与一定强度的放牧压力保持平衡而相对稳定。该文应用摄影定位法测定了羊草+大针茅草原退化群落中4个优势种群羊草(Leymus chinensis)、米氏冰草(Agropyron michnoi)、大针茅(Stipa grandis)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)的空间格局。点格局分析结果表明: 在空间分布格局上, 4个优势种群均偏离完全随机模型和泊松聚块模型, 而符合嵌套双聚块模型, 也就是说, 其空间格局表现为聚集分布, 且在大聚块中分布着较高密度的小聚块。严重退化的草原群落中优势种群的嵌套双聚块空间分布格局当属一种集体行为, 是种群适应过度放牧压力的一种表现形式, 为过度放牧导致的退化草原群落的主要特征之一。这种生态学现象同植物个体小型化一样, 是种群易化(正相互作用)的结果。在过度放牧的胁迫下, 种群通过改变个体性状及个体在空间的分布状况实现自我帮助, 以抵御外界的放牧压力达到自我保护, 从而维持退化草原生态系统与放牧压力间的相对平衡。

关键词: 完全空间随机模型, 优势种群, 易化, 嵌套双聚块模型, 零模型, 摄影定位法, 点格局分析, 泊松聚块模型

Abstract:

Aims Steppe dominated byStipa grandis and Leymus chinensis is the zonal vegetation in the temperate steppe region of China and eastern Eurasia. It has been heavily disturbed by overgrazing in China. Our objective was to investigate the spatial patterns of dominant populations in a degraded community of steppe.
Methods We used photography orientation to measure the patterns of dominant populations in a degraded community of typical steppe. We used complete spatial randomness, Poisson cluster process and double-cluster process to analyze the patterns of dominant populations based on point pattern.
Important findings The patterns of dominant populations ofL. chinensis, Agropyron michnoi, S. grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa fit the nested double-cluster process at all scales in the community block of 5 m × 5 m. This ecological phenomenon may be induced by facilitation.

Key words: complete spatial randomness, dominant population, facilitation, nested double-cluster process, null model, photography orientation, point pattern analysis, Poisson cluster process

王鑫厅, 侯亚丽, 刘芳, 常英, 王炜, 梁存柱, 苗百岭. 羊草+大针茅草原退化群落优势种群空间点格局分析. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(12): 1281-1289. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01281

WANG Xin-Ting, HOU Ya-Li, LIU Fang, CHANG Ying, WANG Wei, LIANG Cun-Zhu, MIAO Bai-Ling. Point pattern analysis of dominant populations in a degraded community in Leymus chinensis + Stipa grandis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(12): 1281-1289. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01281

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01281

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I12/1281

图/表 5

表1 使用泊松聚块模型和嵌套双聚块模型的单变量分析

Table 1 Univariate analyses using Poisson cluster process and nested double-cluster process

物种 Species	复合大尺度聚块格局 Pattern of compound larger-scale clustering				小尺度聚块格局 Pattern of small-scale clustering
物种 Species	n	σ₁	Aρ₁	μ₁	σ₂	Aρ₂		μ₂
羊草 Leymus chinensis	1 649	0.154 5	210.672 0	7.827 3	0.012 0		381.507 0	4.322 3
米氏冰草 Agropyron michnoi	4 398	0.488 5	23.405 0	187.908 6	0.043 1		2 524.008 0	1.742 5
大针茅 Stipa grandis	183	0.312 6	18.559 0	9.860 4	0.017 4		97.595 0	1.875 1
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	1 185	0.532 7	8.596 0	137.854 8	0.048 7		565.927 0	2.093 9

图1 不同种群的个体分布位点图。A, 羊草。B, 米氏冰草。C, 大针茅。D, 糙隐子草。

Fig. 1 Mapped points pattern of different populations. A, Leymus chinensis. B, Agropyron michnoi. C, Stipa grandis. D, Cleistogenes squarrosa.

图2 不同种群基于完全空间随机模型的点格局分析。A, 羊草。B, 米氏冰草。C, 大针茅。D, 糙隐子草。g(r), 成对相关函数。

Fig. 2 Point pattern analysis of different populations based on complete spatial randomness. A, Leymus chinensis. B, Agropyron michnoi. C, Stipa grandis. D, Cleistogenes squarrosa. g(r), pair correlation function.

图3 不同种群基于泊松聚块模型的点格局分析。A, 羊草。B, 米氏冰草。C, 大针茅。D, 糙隐子草。g(r), 成对相关函数。

Fig. 3 Point pattern analysis of different populations based on Poisson cluster process. A, Leymus chinensis. B, Agropyron michnoi. C, Stipa grandis. D, Cleistogenes squarrosa. g(r), pair correlation function.

图4 不同种群基于嵌套双聚块模型的点格局分析。A, 羊草。B, 米氏冰草。C, 大针茅。D, 糙隐子草。g(r), 成对相关函数。

Fig. 4 Point pattern analysis of different populations based on nested double-cluster process. A, Leymus chinensis. B, Agropyron michnoi. C, Stipa grandis. D, Cleistogenes squarrosa. g(r), pair correlation function.

参考文献 43

[1]	Atsatt PR, O’Dowd D (1976). Plant defense guilds. Science, 193,24-29.
[2]	Barot S, Gignoux J, Menaut JC (1999). Demography of a savanna palm tree: predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses. Ecology, 80,1987-2005.
[3]	Batista JLF, Maguire DA (1998). Modeling the spatial structure of tropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 110,293-314.
[4]	Brooker RW, Callaghan TM (1998). The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos, 81,196-207.
[5]	Callaway RM (2007). Positive Interactions and Interdependence in Plant Communities. Springer,Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
[6]	Callaway RM, Brooker RW, Choler P, Kikvidze Z, Lortie CJ, Michalet R, Paolini L, Pugaaire FI, Newingham B, Aschehoug ET, Armas C, Kikodze D, Cook BJ (2002). Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature, 417,844-848. DOI URL PMID
[7]	Chase JM, Leibold MA (2003). Ecological Niche: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[8]	Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, Bunyavejchewin S, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Hubbell SP, Foster RB, Itoh A, LaFrankie JV, Lee HS, Losos E, Manokaran N, Sukumar R, Yamakura T (2000). Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science, 288,1414-1418.
[9]	Dale MRT, MacIsaac DA (1989). New methods for the analysis of spatial pattern in vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 77,78-91.
[10]	Diggle PJ (1983). Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns. Academic Press, New York.
[11]	Diggle PJ (2003). Statistical Analysis of Point Patterns. Arnold, London.
[12]	Dixon PM (2002). Ripley’s K function. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, 3,1796-1803.
[13]	Galiano EF (1983). Detection of multi-species patterns in plant populations. Vegetatio, 53,129-138.
[14]	Gause GF, Witt AA (1935). Behavior of mixed populations and the problem of natural selection. The American Naturalist, 69,596-609.
[15]	Greig-Smith P (1979). Pattern in vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 67,755-779.
[16]	Greig-Smith P (1987). Quantitative Plant Ecology. Butterworths, London.
[17]	Inner Mongolia-Ningxia Complex Expert Team of the Chinese Academy of Science (中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队) (1985). Vegetation of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古植被). Science Press, Beijing.572-602. (in Chinese)
[18]	Jiang Y (姜晔), Bi XL (毕晓丽), Huang JH (黄建辉), Bai YF (白永飞) (2010). Patterns and drivers of vegetation degradation in Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 34,1132-1141. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Kershaw KA (1963). Pattern in vegetation and its causality. Ecology, 44,377-388.
[20]	Leps J (1990). Can underlying mechanisms be deduced from observed patterns? In: Krahulec F, Agnew ADQ, Agnew S, Willems JH eds. Spatial Processes in Plant Communities. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague. 1-11.
[21]	Levin SA (1992). The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73,1943-1967.
[22]	Li SY (李素英), Li XB (李晓兵), Wang DD (王丹丹) (2007). Prediction of grassland degradation in Xilinhaote of Inner Mongolia based on Markov Process Model. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 26,78-82. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Pielou EC (1968). An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology. Wiley, New York.
[24]	Ripley BD (1977). Modelling spatial pattern. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 39,17-212.
[25]	Stoyan D, Stoyan H (1996). Estimating pair correlation functions of planar cluster processes. Biometrical Journal, 38,259-271.
[26]	Tang MP (汤孟平), Zhou GM (周国模), Shi YJ (施拥军), Chen YG (陈永刚), Wu YQ (吴亚琪), Zhao MS (赵明水) (2006). Study of dominant plant populations and their spatial patterns in evergreen broadleaved forest in Tianmu Mountain, China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version)(植物生态学报), 30,743-752. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	Tilman D (1982). Resource Competition and Community Struc- ture. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
[28]	Ver Hoef JM, Cressie NAC, Glenn-Lewin DC (1993). Spatial models for spatial statistics: some unification. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4,441-452.
[29]	Wang BY (王本洋), Yu SX (余世孝), Wang YF (王永繁) (2006). Fractal analysis of the dynamics of population patterns during vegetation succession. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version)(植物生态学报), 30,924-930. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Wang SP (汪诗平), Li YH (李永宏) (1999). Degradation mechanism of typical grassland in Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 10,437-441. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Wang W (王炜), Liang CZ (梁存柱), Liu ZL (刘钟龄), Hao DY (郝敦元) (2000). Analysis of the plant individual behaviour during the degradation and restoring succession in steppe community. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24,268-274. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Wang W (王炜), Liu ZL (刘钟龄), Hao DY (郝敦元), Liang CZ (梁存柱) (1996). Research on the restoring succession of the degenerated grassland in Inner Mongolia. I. Basic characteristics and driving force for restoration of the degenerated grassland. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 20,449-459. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	Wang XG, Wiegand T, Hao ZQ, Li BH, Ye J, Lin F (2010). Species associations in an old-growth temperate forest in Northeastern China. Journal of Ecology, 98,674-686.
[34]	Wang XT (王鑫厅), Wang W (王炜), Liu JH (刘佳慧), Liang CZ (梁存柱), Zhang T (张韬) (2006). A new method for measure of plant population spatial patterns: photography orientation method. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 30,571-575. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Watson DM, Roshier DA, Wiegand T (2007). Spatial ecology of a parasitic shrub: pattern and predictions. Austral Ecology, 32,359-369.
[36]	Watt AS (1947). Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology, 35,1-22.
[37]	Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N (2007a). Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan Dipterocarp forest. The American Naturalist, 170,77-95.
[38]	Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Okuda T (2007b). Analyzing the spatial structure of a Sri Lankan tree species with multiple scales of clustering. Ecology, 88,3088-3102.
[39]	Wiegand T, Jeltsch F, Hanski I, Grimm V (2003). Using pattern-oriented modeling for revealing hidden information: a key for reconciling ecological theory and application. Oikos, 100,209-222.
[40]	Wiegand T, Moloney KA (2004). Ring, circles, and null- models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos, 104,209-229.
[41]	Xing F (邢福), Wang YH (王艳红), Guo JX (郭继勋) (2004). Spatial distribution patterns and dispersal mechanisms of the seed population of Stellera chamaejasme on degraded grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 24,143-148. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]	Yang HX (杨洪晓), Zhang JT (张金屯), Wu B (吴波), Li XS (李晓松), Zhang YY (张友炎) (2006). Point pattern analysis of Artemisia ordosica population in the Mu Us Sandy Land. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 30,563-570. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	Zhang JT (张金屯) (1998). Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica(植物生态学报), 22,344-349. (in Chinese with English abstract)