降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟草茎尖和叶片超微结构的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用降解菌HN36降解土壤中的二氯喹啉酸及修复土壤的生态环境, 为稻田植烟地区烟叶安全生产提供技术和理论依据。采用盆栽试验, 将二氯喹啉酸与降解菌HN36配成一定量的溶液, 均匀喷洒到过筛的干土中, 将5叶期烟苗移栽到处理的塑料盆土中。当烟苗长到8叶期时分别取茎尖﹑顶叶和中部叶进行处理, 在电镜下观察细胞超微结构变化, 利用高效液相色谱仪检测土壤中二氯喹啉酸降解的动态。烟株细胞超微结构变化的程度有差异, 表现为受害烟株>修复烟株>健康烟株; 烟株的茎尖和顶叶细胞伤害最严重, 中部叶片细胞伤害较轻。研究结果还显示, 在含二氯喹啉酸的土壤中, 加入降解菌HN36能加速二氯喹啉酸降解, 改善土壤健康质量, 烟株细胞超微结构及烟叶品质明显得到修复。

关键词: 降解菌HN36, 品质, 二氯喹啉酸, 烟草, 超微结构

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to determine (a) the effects of quinclorac-degrading bacterium on ultrastructure of tobacco stem and leaves in quinclorac-contaminated soil and (b) the degradation of quinclorac in soil after bacterium HN36 treatment. The research will provide a theoretical basis for soil remediation by degrading bacteria and for tobacco production safety.
Methods We treated quinclorac-contaminated soil with degrading bacterium HN36 and then observed the ultrastructure of tobacco leaves using an electron microscope and determined chemical composition.
Important findings Cell ultrastructures of stem and tip leaves were more affected by quinclorac than those of middle leaves. The degrading bacterium HN36 had a positive effect on ultrastructure of tobacco leaves. The degradation of quinclorac in soil treated with the degrading bacterium was significantly faster than in untreated soil. Applying quinclorac-degrading bacterium HN36 to the soil contaminated by quinclorac could mitigate phytotoxicity of the tobacco cell ultrastructure and accelerate the degradation of quinclorac in soil.

Key words: degrading bacterium HN36, quality, quinclorac, tobacco, ultrastructure

刘华山, 左涛, 韩锦峰, 徐淑霞, 张志勇, 王晓军, 袁仕豪, 蒲文宣, 易建华. 降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟草茎尖和叶片超微结构的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(3): 262-268. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00262

LIU Hua-Shan, ZUO Tao, HAN Jin-Feng, XU Shu-Xia, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, WANG Xiao-Jun, YUAN Shi-Hao, PU Wen-Xuan, YI Jian-Hua. Effect of degrading bacterium HN36 on ultrastructure of flue-cured tobacco stem and leaves under quinclorac stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(3): 262-268. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00262

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00262

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I3/262

图/表 5

图1 降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟株茎尖细胞超微结构的影响。A, 健康烟株。B, 受害烟株。C, 修复烟株。D, 健康烟株。E, 受害烟株。F, 修复烟株。Ch, 叶绿体; Cw, 细胞壁; Nu, 细胞核; S, 淀粉粒; GL, 基粒片层。

Fig. 1 Effects of degrading bacterium HN36 on ultrastructure of tobacco stem tip cell under quinclorac stress. A, Normal plant. B, Phytoxicity plant. C, Repaired plant. D, Normal plant. E, Phytoxicity plant. F, Repaired plant. Ch, chloroplast; Cw, cell wall; Nu, cell nucleus; S, starch; GL, grana lamella.

图2 降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟株顶叶细胞超微结构的影响。A, 健康烟株。B, 受害烟株。C, 修复烟株。D, 健康烟株。E, 受害烟株。F, 修复烟株。Ch, 叶绿体; Cw, 细胞壁; S, 淀粉粒。

Fig. 2 Effects of degrading bacterium HN36 on cell ultrastructure of tobacco tip leaves under quinclorac stress. A, Normal plant. B, Phytoxicity plant. C, Repaired plant. D, Normal plant. E, Phytoxicity plant. F, Repaired plant. Ch, chloroplast; Cw, cell wall; S, starch.

图3 降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟株中部叶片细胞超微结构的影响。A, 健康烟株。B, 受害烟株。C, 修复烟株。D, 健康烟株。E, 受害烟株。F, 修复烟株。Ch, 叶绿体; GL, 基粒片层; S, 淀粉粒。

Fig. 3 Effects of degrading bacterium HN36 on ultrastructure of tobacco middle leaves cell under quinclorac stress. A, Normal plant. B, Phytoxicity plant. C, Repaired plant. D, Normal plant. E, Phytoxicity plant. F, Repaired plant. Ch, chloroplast; GL, grana lamella; S, starch.

表1 不同量降解菌HN36对土壤中二氯喹啉酸降解率的影响

Table 1 Effects of degradation of quinclorac with different concentration of bacterium NH36

处理 Treatment	0 d		15 d		30 d		45 d		60 d
处理 Treatment	二氯喹啉酸浓度 Quinclorac concentration	降解率Degradation rate (%)	二氯喹啉酸浓度 Quinclorac concentration	降解率Degradation rate (%)	二氯喹啉酸浓度 Quinclorac concentration	降解率Degradation rate (%)	二氯喹啉酸浓度 Quinclorac concentration	降解率Degradation rate (%)	二氯喹啉酸浓度 Quinclorac concentration	降解率 Degradation rate (%)
	(mg·kg^-1)		(mg·kg^-1)		(mg·kg^-1)		(mg·kg^-1)		(mg·kg^-1)
T0	0.085 3	0	0.075 5	11.49	0.058 1	31.89	0.052 6	38.34	0.047 2	44.67
T1	0.085 8	0	0.046 4	45.92	0.043 6	49.18	0.015 9	81.47	0.007 5	91.26
T2	0.085 9	0	0.039 9	53.55	0.022 0	74.39	0.004 9	94.30	-	100.00
T3	0.085 2	0	0.037 6	55.87	0.015 2	82.16	0.003 7	95.66	-	100.00

表2 降解菌HN36对二氯喹啉酸胁迫下烟叶主要化学成分的影响

Table 2 Effects of degrading bacterium HN36 on the main chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves under quinclorac stress (%)

处理 Treatment	总糖 Total sugar	还原糖 Reducing sugar	淀粉 Starch	总氮 Total nitrogen	烟碱 Nicotine	钾 Potassium
健康烟叶 Normal leaves (CK)	18.85	17.46	7.63	2.02	2.15	1.72
受害烟叶 Phytoxicity leaves	14.52	11.53	5.35	2.38	2.46	1.41
修复烟叶 Repaired leaves	18.57	17.32	7.57	2.06	2.08	1.69

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