小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0107

植物生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 807-813.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0107

小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应

李永庚¹^,²(), 于振文²^,^*(), 梁晓芳², 赵俊晔², 邱希宾²

1 中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京 100093
2 山东农业大学农学院,农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室,山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2004-02-13 接受日期:2004-11-19 出版日期:2005-02-13 发布日期:2005-08-30
通讯作者: 于振文
作者简介:E-mail: liyonggeng@ibcas.ac.cn/liyonggeng@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30200165);国家自然科学基金(30471026)

RESPONSE OF WHEAT YIELDS AND QUALITY TO LOW LIGHT INTENSITY AT DIFFERENT GRAIN FILLING STAGES

LI Yong-Geng¹^,²(), YU Zhen-Wen²^,^*(), LIANG Xiao-Fang², ZHAO Jun-Ye², QIU Xi-Bin²

1 Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2 Wheat Planting Physiology & Heredity Improve Key Opening Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Received:2004-02-13 Accepted:2004-11-19 Online:2005-02-13 Published:2005-08-30
Contact: YU Zhen-Wen
About author:* E-mail: zhenwenyu@sdau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在田间池栽条件下,分别于小麦(品种:'济南17' 和 '鲁麦21')(Triticum aestivum cv. 'Jinan17' and 'Lumai21') 灌浆的前期(开花后1~10 d), 中期(11~20 d)和后期(21~30 d)进行了遮去50%光合有效辐射的试验,研究了产量和品质的变化及其生理原因。主要结论如下:1)弱光条件下,光合物质生产均受到严重抑制,产量下降,容重降低;植株的氮素积累量减少、向子粒分配的比例低,但子粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量升高,其中,子粒灌浆前期遮光升高的幅度最大。2)遮光后小麦子粒麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均升高,但麦谷蛋白升高的幅度大于醇溶蛋白,使麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比例升高,麦谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量也升高,粉质仪参数也显著提高;子粒灌浆前期或中期遮光对上述指标的影响则较小,子粒品质的形成与灌浆后期的光照条件关系更为密切。3)灌浆期相对较弱的光照强度对改善品质有利,但以降低产量为代价,两个品种的小麦所表现出的趋势基本一致。

关键词: 小麦, 光照, 蛋白质, 淀粉, 品质

Abstract:

Changes in the yields and quality, and the physiological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21') grown under low light intensities (50% PPFD) at different filling stages were studied. Wheat was planted in 2.5 m×2.0 m plots. The plots were shaded with white fabric that filtered 50%PPFD during three different filling stages: 1-10, 11-20, and 21-30 days after anthesis. Protein accumulation rate, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, kernel weight and yield, test weight, protein composition, protein content, wet gluten content, glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content, starch and protein quality were measured. The results showed that under 50% PPFD, wheat yield and test weight deceased sharply (p<0.05), less nitrogen was distributed to kernels (p<0.05), but protein content and wet gluten content increased significantly (p<0.05), especially at the early filling stage. At the late filling stage, gliadin and glutenin content, glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content and glutenin/gliadin index increased significantly (p<0.05). Thus, farinogram parameters, such as water absorption and dough stability time, improved at low light intensities (p<0.05). However, these parameters changed only slightly during the early and middle filling stages (p>0.05), which suggested that the late filling stage is an important stage during which light intensity influences protein quality. Shading or lower light intensity improved wheat quality, but yields decreased sharply, especially during the early grain filling stage. The two varieties, 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21', showed similar responses to light levels at the different filling stages. Therefore, future investigations should be conducted to resolve the conflict between differences in yield and quality.

Key words: Wheat, Light intensity, Protein, Starch, Quality

李永庚, 于振文, 梁晓芳, 赵俊晔, 邱希宾. 小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5): 807-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0107

LI Yong-Geng, YU Zhen-Wen, LIANG Xiao-Fang, ZHAO Jun-Ye, QIU Xi-Bin. RESPONSE OF WHEAT YIELDS AND QUALITY TO LOW LIGHT INTENSITY AT DIFFERENT GRAIN FILLING STAGES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(5): 807-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0107

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0107

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I5/807

图/表 7

图1 '济南17'(A)和 '鲁麦21',(B)的子粒蛋白质积累速率(PAR) 小麦灌浆前期遮光(S1)、中期遮光(S2)、后期遮光(S3)和自然照光(S0)条件下的遮光率为50%的光合有效辐射

Fig.1 Protein accumulate rate (PAR) of 'Ji'nan17' (A) and 'Lumai21' (B) under different light intensity S0 represent the natural light intensity, S1, S2 and S3 represent 50% PPFD treatment during 1-10, 11-20, 21-30 days after anthesis

图2 '济南17' 和 '鲁麦21' 的氮素积累量(NA)与氮素收获指数(NHI) 图注同图1

Fig.2 Nitrogen accumulates (NA) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21' under different light intensity Note see Fig.1

图3 '济南17' 和 '鲁麦21' 的醇溶蛋白(Gli.)含量(A)、麦谷蛋白(Glu.)含量(B)及其比例(C)和谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量(D)的差异图注同图1

Fig.3 Gliadin content (Gli., A) glutenin content (Glu., B), Glu./Gli. index (C) and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content (D) of 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21' under different light intensity Note see Fig.1

图4 '济南17' 和 '鲁麦21'的蛋白质含量(A)和湿面筋含量(B)的差异图注同图1

Fig.4 Protein content (A) and wet gluten content (B) of 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21' under different light intensity Note see Fig.1

图5 '济南17' 和 '鲁麦21' 的粒重(A)、产量(B)和容重(C)的差异图注同图1

Fig.5 Kernel weight (A), yield (B) and test weight (C) of 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21' under different light intensity Note see Fig.1

表1 小麦灌浆前期遮光(S1)、中期遮光(S2)、后期遮光(S3)和自然照光(S0)条件下的 '济南17' 和'鲁麦21'的淀粉和蛋白质品质指标(遮光率为50%的光合有效辐射)

Table 1 Starch and protein quality of 'Ji'nan17' and 'Lumai21' under different light intensity. S0 represent the natural light intensity, S1, S2 and S3 represent 50% PPFD treatment during 1-10, 11-20, 21-30 days after anthesis

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatments	淀粉品质指标 Starch quality features		蛋白质品质指标 Protein quality features
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatments	膨胀势 Swelling power (g·g^-1)	高峰粘度 Peak viscosity (RVU)	沉降值 Sedimentation volume (ml)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)
‘济南17’ 'Ji'nan17'	S0	6.82±0.21	202.00±1.21	53.0±1.00	69.7±0.33	7.40±0.14
	S1	8.02±0.34	208.42±1.93	54.2±0.55	70.9±0.89	7.50±0.25
	S2	7.20±0.19	203.83±1.24	51.1±0.46	72.3±0.76	8.00±0.67
	S3	7.41±0.28	207.00±0.77	50.9±0.29	75.9±1.80	9.40±1.33
‘鲁麦21’ 'Lumai21'	S0	9.26±0.37	240.25±1.47	35.0±0.32	62.9±1.71	2.40±0.24
	S1	10.82±0.26	246.92±0.99	36.7±0.21	65.5±1.19	2.40±0.33
	S2	9.52±0.32	241.75±1.12	34.7±0.18	66.5±1.08	3.30±0.56
	S3	10.08±0.17	242.83±2.15	33.8±0.27	67.9±1.22	4.10±0.27

图6 小麦灌浆期遮光条件下子粒蛋白质含量与粒重(A)、面粉膨胀势与粒重(B)和沉降值与小麦粒重(C)的相互关系 ○'济南17' 'Ji'nan17' ●'鲁麦21' 'Lumai21'

Fig.6 Relationships between protein content and kernel weight (A), swelling power and kernel weight (B), sedimentation volume and kernel weight (C) under different light intensity

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小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应

RESPONSE OF WHEAT YIELDS AND QUALITY TO LOW LIGHT INTENSITY AT DIFFERENT GRAIN FILLING STAGES

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