水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 188-196.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响

熊淑萍¹, 曹文博¹, 曹锐¹, 张志勇¹, 付新露¹, 徐赛俊¹, 潘虎强¹, 王小纯², 马新明¹^,^*()

¹河南农业大学农学院, 作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室, 郑州 450046
²河南农业大学生命科学学院, 郑州 450002

收稿日期:2021-04-28 接受日期:2021-08-13 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-11-11
通讯作者: 马新明
作者简介:*(xinmingma@126.com)
ORCID:熊淑萍: 0000-0001-8787-5237
基金资助:
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210015);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G04);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300205)

Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum

XIONG Shu-Ping¹, CAO Wen-Bo¹, CAO Rui¹, ZHANG Zhi-Yong¹, FU Xin-Lu¹, XU Sai-Jun¹, PAN Hu-Qiang¹, WANG Xiao-Chun², MA Xin-Ming¹^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
²College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received:2021-04-28 Accepted:2021-08-13 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-11-11
Contact: MA Xin-Ming
Supported by:
Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(21A210015);Henan Province Modern Agricultural Wheat Industry Technology System Project(S2010-01-G04);National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300205)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作物的冠层结构是影响产量的重要因素, 群体微环境反映了作物冠层内小气候的变化, 与作物的冠层结构及产量形成密切相关。该研究在大田试验条件下, 设置等行距(R₁, 20 cm + 20 cm)、宽窄行(R₂, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm)两种不同行距和低(D₁, 120.0 kg·hm^-2)、中(D₂, 157.5 kg·hm^-2)、高(D₃, 195.0 kg·hm^-2) 3个播量配置组合, 分析了不同处理组合下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)生育后期冠层垂直结构、群体微环境及产量表现, 旨在优化小麦绿色栽培措施, 在不增加水肥投入情况下, 挖掘冬小麦的生产潜力和进一步增产的可能性和可行性。结果表明: 冬小麦上、中、下3个层次冠层开度(DIFN)、平均叶倾角(MLA)及叶面积指数(LAI)均表现为R₂大于R₁, 且R₂行距上层和中层DIFN、各层次MLA及LAI显著高于R₁, 在相同行距下, D₃播量LAI下降迅速, D₂播量的LAI及其中层和下层的MLA最高, 并与D₁、D₃差异显著; 冬小麦冠层温度和群体CO₂浓度均随着播量的增大而降低, 而相对湿度随播量增大而增大; 在相同播量下, R₂行距较R₁更具有降温保湿能力, 冠层平均温度较R₁下降了0.06-0.5 ℃, 相对湿度较R₁提高了1.85%-3.15%; 在相同播量下, R₂行距千粒质量、穗粒数都显著大于R₁, 因此R₂籽粒产量也显著高于R₁。综上所述, 冬小麦的水平结构配置可显著改变其冠层的垂直结构及群体微环境, 有利于冬小麦生长发育后期籽粒的灌浆, 在不减少穗数的情况下, 提高穗粒数及千粒质量, 从而达到增产目的。在该试验中以R₂D₂配置的冠层结构、群体微环境及产量最佳。

关键词: 冬小麦, 水平分布, 冠层垂直结构, 微环境, 产量

Abstract:

Aims Canopy structure of crops is an important factor affecting crop yield. The microenvironment of a community reflects the change of microclimate in the canopy, which is closely related to the canopy structure and crop yield formation. The aim of this study was to optimize the cultivation measures and improve the production potential and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Methods A field experiment was set up to be composed of two row spacing modes, R₁ (equal spacing, 20 cm + 20 cm) and R₂ (wide and narrow row spacing, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm), and three sowing rates, D₁ (low, 120.0 kg·hm^-2), D₂ (medium, 157.5 kg·hm^-2), D₃ (high, 195.0 kg·hm^-2), then the canopy structure, community microenvironment and yield performance of winter wheat under each treatment combination were analyzed.

Important findings For the diffusenon-interceptance (DIFN), mean leaf angle (MLA) and leaf area index (LAI) of each layer of the winter wheat canopy, R₂ was greater than R₁, especially in the middle and upper layers of the canopy. For the MLA and LAI of each layer, R₂ was mostly significantly greater than R₁; Under the same row spacing, the LAI of the high seeding population dropped rapidly, and LAI of the D₂ seeding rate and the middle and lower MLA were significantly higher than the other seeding rates at D₂. Winter wheat canopy temperature and community CO₂ concentration decreased with the increased sowing rate, while the relative humidity increased with the increased sowing rate; Under the same sowing rate, the row spacing of R₂ had more cooling and moisturizing ability than that of R₁. The average temperature and relative humidity of the overall canopy decreased by 0.06-0.5 °C and increased by 1.85%-3.15% compared with R₁, respectively. Under the same sowing rate, the 1 000 grain weight and grain number per spike of R₂ were significantly higher than that of R₁, so the grain yield of R₂ was also significantly higher than that of R₁. In conclusion, the horizontal distribution of crops can change the vertical structure of canopy and community microenvironment, which is conducive to grain filling in the late growth stage, and increase the number of grains per year and 1 000 grain mass without reducing the number of spikes, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield. In this experiment, R₂D₂was the best configuration for canopy structure, community microenvironment and yield.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, horizontal distribution, vertical structure of canopy, microenvironment, yield

熊淑萍, 曹文博, 曹锐, 张志勇, 付新露, 徐赛俊, 潘虎强, 王小纯, 马新明. 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 188-196. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

XIONG Shu-Ping, CAO Wen-Bo, CAO Rui, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, FU Xin-Lu, XU Sai-Jun, PAN Hu-Qiang, WANG Xiao-Chun, MA Xin-Ming. Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(2): 188-196. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/188

图/表 10

图1 冬小麦不同行距配置(R)田间示意图。

Fig. 1 Field diagram of different row spacing configuration (R) of Triticum aestivum.

表1 不同处理冬小麦田间基本苗(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Basic seedlings of Triticum aestivum in different treatment (mean ± SD)

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)	基本苗 Basic seedling (10⁴·hm^-2)
R₁	120.0	214.95 ± 4.65
	157.5	297.15 ± 6.00
	195.0	365.40 ± 5.85
R₂	120.0	223.50 ± 8.85
	157.5	291.60 ± 10.65
	195.0	358.35 ± 9.15

图2 冬小麦冠层分层示意图。

Fig. 2 Triticum aestivum canopy stratification diagram.

图3 水平结构配置对冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)的影响(平均值±标准差)。FS, 开花期; AF1, 开花后10天; AF2, 开花后20天; AF3, 开花后30天。R1, 20 cm + 20 cm行距模式; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm行距模式。D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2播量; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2播量; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2播量。

Fig. 3 Effect of horizontal configuration on leaf area index (LAI) of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD). FS, anthesis; AF1, 10 days after anthesis; AF2, 20 days after anthesis; AF3, 30 days after anthesis. R1, 20 cm + 20 cm row spacing model; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm row spacing model. D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate.

表2 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层开度的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Effects of horizontal structure configuration on diffusenon- interceptance of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD)

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Lower layer
R₁	D₁	0.282 ± 0.003^b	0.122 ± 0.004^b	0.038 ± 0.001^ab
	D₂	0.272 ± 0.001^c	0.109 ± 0.002^cd	0.035 ± 0.003^bc
	D₃	0.253 ± 0.004^d	0.084 ± 0.001^f	0.029 ± 0.001^d
R₂	D₁	0.312 ± 0.005^a	0.129 ± 0.002^a	0.041 ± 0.001^a
	D₂	0.287 ± 0.001^b	0.113 ± 0.002^c	0.038 ± 0.001^a
	D₃	0.259 ± 0.002^d	0.095 ± 0.006^e	0.033 ± 0.001^c
R	F	86.73^**	15.32^*	15.61^*
D	F	167.57^**	124.99^**	29.78^**
R × D	F	13.63^*	1.24	0.03

表3 水平结构配置对冬小麦平均叶倾角的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 3 Effects of horizontal structure configuration on mean leaf angle of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD)

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Lower layer
R₁	D₁	65.69 ± 0.45^c	58.75 ± 0.18^d	53.30 ± 0.43^d
	D₂	66.47 ± 0.36^b	61.46 ± 0.04^b	57.00 ± 0.30^b
	D₃	67.71 ± 0.46^a	59.50 ± 0.10^c	55.42 ± 0.27^c
R₂	D₁	66.53 ± 0.03^b	59.96 ± 0.09^c	54.92 ± 0.20^c
	D₂	67.57 ± 0.14^a	62.37 ± 0.47^a	57.79 ± 0.38^a
	D₃	67.63 ± 0.14^a	60.95 ± 0.42^b	56.80 ± 0.17^b
R	F	12.05^**	56.59^**	51.39^**
D	F	25.34^**	90.23^**	117.60^**
R × D	F	3.97^*	0.93	1.99

图4 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层温度的影响(平均值±标准差)。R1, 20 cm + 20 cm行距模式; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm行距模式。D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2播量; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2播量; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2播量。

Fig. 4 Effects of horizontal structure on canopy temperature of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD). R1, 20 cm + 20 cm row spacing model; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm row spacing model. D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate.

图5 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层相对湿度的影响(平均值±标准差)。R1, 20 cm + 20 cm行距模式; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm行距模式。D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2播量; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2播量; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2播量。

Fig. 5 Effects of horizontal structure on canopy relative humidity of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD). R1, 20 cm + 20 cm row spacing model; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm row spacing model. D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate.

图6 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层CO2浓度的影响(平均值±标准差)。R1, 20 cm + 20 cm行距模式; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm行距模式。D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2播量; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2播量; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2播量。

Fig. 6 Effects of horizontal configuration on canopy CO2 concentration of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD). R1, 20 cm + 20 cm row spacing model; R2, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm row spacing model. D1, 120.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D2, 157.5 kg·hm-2 sowing rate; D3, 195.0 kg·hm-2 sowing rate.

表4 水平结构配置对冬小麦产量的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 4 Effects of different horizontal structure on yield of Triticum aestivum (mean ± SD)

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	穗数 Spike number (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒质量 1 000 grain mass (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
R₁	D₁	580.03 ± 10.05^b	42.57 ± 0.05^b	44.68 ± 0.02^b	8 080.69 ± 142.68^e
	D₂	691.11 ± 2.55^a	42.14 ± 0.08^cd	43.86 ± 0.20^d	8 695.18 ± 7.14^b
	D₃	707.53 ± 18.37^a	41.45 ± 0.11^e	42.53 ± 0.12^f	8 503.09 ± 84.99^c
R₂	D₁	589.20 ± 7.48^b	42.90 ± 0.08^a	45.05 ± 0.10^a	8 268.27 ± 23.68^d
	D₂	694.20 ± 17.01^a	42.26 ± 0.08^c	44.36 ± 0.05^bc	8 883.83 ± 57.74^a
	D₃	705.87 ± 19.05^a	41.98 ± 0.18^d	43.44 ± 0.35^e	8 673.43 ± 27.22^b
R	F	0.19	28.35^**	32.06^**	18.51^**
D	F	92.86^**	93.33^**	116.22^**	73.13^**
R × D	F	0.15	3.89^*	2.25	0.20

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水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响

Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum

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