中华水韭残存居群的数量性状分化和地方适应性及其对保育遗传复壮策略的提示

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究残存居群的数量性状分化及其地方适应性有助于了解不同居群对环境的适应性并制定相应的保育策略。本研究采用同园实验,利用随机区组设计,对中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis)3个居群的9种优势基因型的数量性状进行巢式方差分析,并采用Bayesian方法计算等位酶(F_ST)和数量性状(Q_ST)的居群分化值。结果表明,在测量的14个数量性状中,有10个性状在居群间有显著性差异,仅有3个性状在居群内有显著性差异;多重比较表明其中5个性状的平均值均以松阳居群最高,休宁居群最低;建德居群的大孢子囊的性状和植株高度的平均值最高,休宁居群最低;推测这可能是与奠基者效应、物种间竞争及中华水韭在自然生境下形成的营养生长和生殖生长之间的权衡有关。对居群数量性状分化的Q_ST值和等位酶分化的F_ST值分析比较发现,在假设为自交系时有8个性状的Q_ST值均大于F_ST值,表明存在明显的地方适应性,居群间个体的混合存在潜在的远交衰退的风险,所以不宜采用居群间相互移植个体的方法来进行中华水韭居群的遗传复壮。对休宁和松阳两个居群的保育应采用提高居群内基因流和改善生境环境的方法,促进居群内的遗传复壮;对建德居群应尽量减少人为干扰,宜建立特定生境的保护小区。

关键词: 中华水韭, 遗传分化, 数量性状, 基因型, 地方适应, 保育策略, 遗传复壮

Abstract:

Aims Isoetes sinensis (Isoeteaceae) is a critically endangered aquatic fern ally in China. Understanding the genetic differentiation of quantitative traits and local adaptation of the remnant populations should provide insight into the adaptation of different populations to their local environment and useful information for formulating appropriate conservation strategy.
Methods The quantitative traits of nine isozyme multilocus genotypes from three remnant populations of I. sinensis were investigated using nested analysis based on random block design in common-garden experiments. Population differentiation of allozyme (F_ST) and quantitative traits (Q_ST) were estimated using the Bayesian approach.
Important findings Of 14 quantitative traits examined, ten were found to be significantly different among populations and three were significantly different within populations. Multiple comparison by Turkey tests indicated that the mean values of five traits were the highest for the Songyang population and lowest for the Xiuning population, whereas the mean values of the macrosporangium characteristics and plant height were highest for the Jiande population and lowest for the Xiuning population. This result probably reflected different scenarios of founder effect, habitat competition ability and trade-off between vegetative and reproductive growth. Local adaptation was evaluated as a difference of Q_ST vs. F_ST value, and eight important reproductive fitness traits were found to be significant (Q_ST>F_ST, p≤0.05 ) under the selfing assumption, suggesting local adaptability in the remnant populations. It is more likely that there is a potential risk of outbreeding depression if genetic enhancement is implemented by translocation of individuals from different populations. Therefore, translocation among these remnant populations is not recommended. Instead, we recommend increasing gene flow within each population and improving habitat management by reducing competition with companion species in in situ conservation for Xiuning and Songyang populations. In the case of Jiande population, minimizing human disturbance should be considered as a top priority and an in situ conservation plot should be designated for the population.

Key words: Isoetes sinensis, genetic differentiation, quantitative traits, genotype, local adaptation, conservation strategy, genetic reinforcement

杨伟, 叶其刚, 李作洲, 黄宏文. 中华水韭残存居群的数量性状分化和地方适应性及其对保育遗传复壮策略的提示. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 143-151. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.016

YANG Wei, YE Qi-Gang, LI Zuo-Zhou, HUANG Hong-Wen. GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AND LOCAL ADAPTABILITY OF REMNANT POPULATIONS OF ISOETES SINENSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND GENETIC REINFORCEMENT. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 143-151. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.016

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I1/143

图/表 4

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居群 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	水体酸度 Water pH value	居群大小 Population size	土壤 Soil
休宁 Xiuning	29°30'	118°09'	300	梯田排水沟 Drainage ditch in terrace	5.5	200~330	黄壤 Yellow soil
松阳 Songyang	28°16'	119°16'	1 110	废弃20年左右水田 Paddy field abandoned for about 20 years	6.0	550~900	黄棕壤、红壤 Yellow-brown soil, red soil
建德 Jiande	29°28'	119°15'	28	淡水性沿岸潮间带 Freshwater intertidal zone	5.5	20 000~ 30 000	沙质土 Sandy soil

居群 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	水体酸度 Water pH value	居群大小 Population size	土壤 Soil
休宁 Xiuning	29°30'	118°09'	300	梯田排水沟 Drainage ditch in terrace	5.5	200~330	黄壤 Yellow soil
松阳 Songyang	28°16'	119°16'	1 110	废弃20年左右水田 Paddy field abandoned for about 20 years	6.0	550~900	黄棕壤、红壤 Yellow-brown soil, red soil
建德 Jiande	29°28'	119°15'	28	淡水性沿岸潮间带 Freshwater intertidal zone	5.5	20 000~ 30 000	沙质土 Sandy soil

性状 Trait	区组^d1 Block			居群^d2 Population			基因型^d3(居群内) Genotype (within population)
性状 Trait	MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	14.370		2.100	46.784		6.870^**	2.237	0.330
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	9.015		1.640	54.440		9.900^**	2.600	0.470
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.126		2.440	2.245		43.630^**	0.134	2.610^*
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.049		2.330	0.201		9.610^**	0.012	0.610
植株高度1 Height 1	13.632		2.470	118.169		21.390^**	5.204	0.940
植株高度2 Height 2	19.787		4.160^*	52.109		10.940^**	5.918	1.240
叶片数 Number of fronds	1.485		3.540^*	15.502		36.980^**	0.676	1.610
平均叶片面积 Mean area of frond	0.636		0.750	1.200		1.068	1.228	1.450
大孢子叶高度 Height of macrosporophyll	2.232		0.460	11.331		2.330	7.179	1.470
大孢子叶基宽度 Width of the base of macrosporophyll	0.004		1.960	0.003		1.780	0.001	0.680
大孢子囊的长度 Length of macrosporangium	0.012		4.400^*	0.009		3.220^*	0.007	2.440^*
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.001		0.850	0.005		3.810^*	0.004	2.840^*
大孢子囊的长宽比 Ratio of length to width	0.091		2.690	0.009		0.270	0.043	1.280
大孢子囊的产孢数 Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	0.069		4.810^*	0.554		38.690^**	0.031	2.190

性状 Trait	区组^d1 Block			居群^d2 Population			基因型^d3(居群内) Genotype (within population)
性状 Trait	MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	14.370		2.100	46.784		6.870^**	2.237	0.330
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	9.015		1.640	54.440		9.900^**	2.600	0.470
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.126		2.440	2.245		43.630^**	0.134	2.610^*
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.049		2.330	0.201		9.610^**	0.012	0.610
植株高度1 Height 1	13.632		2.470	118.169		21.390^**	5.204	0.940
植株高度2 Height 2	19.787		4.160^*	52.109		10.940^**	5.918	1.240
叶片数 Number of fronds	1.485		3.540^*	15.502		36.980^**	0.676	1.610
平均叶片面积 Mean area of frond	0.636		0.750	1.200		1.068	1.228	1.450
大孢子叶高度 Height of macrosporophyll	2.232		0.460	11.331		2.330	7.179	1.470
大孢子叶基宽度 Width of the base of macrosporophyll	0.004		1.960	0.003		1.780	0.001	0.680
大孢子囊的长度 Length of macrosporangium	0.012		4.400^*	0.009		3.220^*	0.007	2.440^*
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.001		0.850	0.005		3.810^*	0.004	2.840^*
大孢子囊的长宽比 Ratio of length to width	0.091		2.690	0.009		0.270	0.043	1.280
大孢子囊的产孢数 Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	0.069		4.810^*	0.554		38.690^**	0.031	2.190

性状Trait	居群 Population
性状Trait	松阳 Songyang	建德 Jiande	休宁 Xiuning
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	7.999(0.659)^a	6.637(0.434)^a	5.367(0.342)^c
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	5.483(0.513)^a	5.320(0.369)^a	2.897(0.452)^b
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.855(0.059)^a	0.452(0.048)^b	0.359(0.047)^b
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.395(0.035)^a	0.341(0.023)^a	0.208(0.023)^b
植株高度1 Height 1	14.963(0.390)^b	18.481(0.451)^a	15.963(0.522)^b
植株高度2 Height 2	15.741(0.435)^b	18.981(0.457)^a	16.634(0.440)^b
叶片数 Number of fronds	6.420(0.656)^a	5.893(0.122)^a	4.905(0.149)^b
大孢子囊的长度Length of macrosporangium	0.352(0.013)^ab	0.368(0.012)^a	0.329(0.009)^b
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.253(0.009)^ab	0.267(0.007)^a	0.236(0.009)^b
大孢子囊的产孢数Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	2.040(0.025)^b	2.309(0.029)^a	2.065(0.025)^b