干旱区杨树、榆树人工防护林地土壤CO2释放通量研究

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。随着全球气候变暖趋势逐渐明显, 土壤呼吸的时空变异及其对温度变化的响应已成为生态学研究的重要内容之一。利用LI-8100自动土壤CO₂通量测量系统, 连续两年生长季测定了准噶尔盆地新垦绿洲杨树(Populus sp.)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)人工防护林地土壤呼吸的时间动态, 并分析了土壤水热因子及光合作用对土壤呼吸的影响。研究结果表明: 两种林分土壤呼吸日变化波动呈现一定的不规则性; 季节变化表现为明显的单峰格局。杨树林地土壤呼吸速率显著高于榆树林地, 生长季平均土壤呼吸速率分别为3.71和1.82 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1。两种林分土壤呼吸的季节变化与气温、不同深度层次土壤温度间均呈显著的指数相关, 而与土壤含水量之间相关不显著。50和35 cm土壤温度可以分别解释两种林分土壤呼吸时间变化的78.5%和64.4%, 与土壤温度和含水量的共同解释率接近。林分间土壤呼吸速率差异受到林木生长状况、光合作用及土壤盐分等的影响。研究结果初步阐明了准噶尔盆地干旱区典型绿洲防护林植被土壤呼吸的季节动态特征及主要影响因子, 为进一步揭示该区域林地土壤碳循环特点提供了一定的理论基础。

关键词: 水热因子, 防护林, 土壤碳循环, 温带荒漠区, 新疆

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to examine the effects of temperature, soil water content and photosynthesis on soil respiration in Populus and Ulmus pumila planting shelterbelts in China’s Junngar Basin.

Methods Soil respiration was measured during the growing seasons in 2005 and 2006 using an automated CO₂ efflux system (LI-8100). Air temperature (at 50 cm in height) and soil temperature (every 5 cm from 0 to 50 cm depth) were monitored at three points adjacent to the chamber using a digital thermometer (WMY-01C, Huachen Medical Instrument Inc., Shanghai, China) at each site. Gravimetric soil moisture at 0-5, 5-15, 15-30, and 30-50 cm depths at three points were measured using the oven-drying method at 105 °C for 48 h.

Important findings Soil respiration displayed irregular fluctuation of daytime pattern and significant single-peaked curve of seasonal pattern in the two woodlands. Seasonally, soil respiration was characterized by a maximum in July or August and a minimum in October or May, following the change of soil temperature. The rate of soil respiration was significantly higher in Populus woodland than that in U. pumila woodland with mean rates of 3.71 and 1.82 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1in two growing seasons, respectively. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with temperature in exponential equation, but uncorrelated with soil water content in the two woodlands. Soil temperature at 50 and 30 cm depths could explain 78.5% and 64.4% of seasonal variations of soil respiration in Populus woodland and U. pumila woodland, respectively, which confirms the common explanation by temperature and soil water content. The difference in soil respiration between the woodlands was influenced by growth state of trees, photosynthesis and soil salinity. Our results suggested that there was significant seasonal variation of soil respiration in oasis shelterbelts in the arid region and soil temperature was the main regulating factor.

Key words: hydrothermal factor, planting shelterbelts, soil carbon cycle, temperate desert area, Xinjiang

张丽华, 陈亚宁, 赵锐锋, 李卫红, 谢忠奎. 干旱区杨树、榆树人工防护林地土壤CO₂释放通量研究. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5): 526-534. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.006

ZHANG Li-Hua, CHEN Ya-Ning, ZHAO Rui-Feng, LI Wei-Hong, XIE Zhong-Kui. Analysis of soil CO₂ efflux in Populus and Ulmus pumila planting shelterbelts in arid region, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5): 526-534. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.006

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参考文献 42

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年 Year	类型 Type	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	变幅 Fluctuation
2005	杨树 Populus sp.	1.854 ^A	2.696 ^aB	5.170 ^aC	3.489 ^aD	2.297 ^aAB	2.234 ^aAB	4.486
2005	榆树 Ulmus pumila		2.106 ^bA	2.497 ^bA	1.418 ^bB	1.290 ^bBC	0.999 ^bBD	2.689
2006	杨树 Populus sp.	2.968 ^aA	3.251 ^aAC	7.461 ^aB	6.853 ^aB	3.853 ^aC	2.505 ^aD	6.259
2006	榆树 Ulmus pumila	1.043 ^bAE	2.387 ^bB	1.594 ^bCE	3.433 ^bD	2.314 ^bB	1.159 ^bE	3.187

年 Year	类型 Type	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	变幅 Fluctuation
2005	杨树 Populus sp.	1.854 ^A	2.696 ^aB	5.170 ^aC	3.489 ^aD	2.297 ^aAB	2.234 ^aAB	4.486
2005	榆树 Ulmus pumila		2.106 ^bA	2.497 ^bA	1.418 ^bB	1.290 ^bBC	0.999 ^bBD	2.689
2006	杨树 Populus sp.	2.968 ^aA	3.251 ^aAC	7.461 ^aB	6.853 ^aB	3.853 ^aC	2.505 ^aD	6.259
2006	榆树 Ulmus pumila	1.043 ^bAE	2.387 ^bB	1.594 ^bCE	3.433 ^bD	2.314 ^bB	1.159 ^bE	3.187

林地类型 Woodland type	温度 Temperature (℃)
林地类型 Woodland type	T_a	T₀	T₅	T₁₀	T₁₅	T₂₀	T₂₅	T₃₀	T₃₅	T₄₀	T₅₀
杨树 Populus sp.	0.436	0.348	0.538	0.567	0.611	0.641	0.682	0.720	0.747	0.769	0.785
榆树 Ulmus pumila	0.415	0.330	0.610	0.616	0.624	0.628	0.637	0.642	0.644	0.635	0.610

林地类型 Woodland type	温度 Temperature (℃)
林地类型 Woodland type	T_a	T₀	T₅	T₁₀	T₁₅	T₂₀	T₂₅	T₃₀	T₃₅	T₄₀	T₅₀
杨树 Populus sp.	0.436	0.348	0.538	0.567	0.611	0.641	0.682	0.720	0.747	0.769	0.785
榆树 Ulmus pumila	0.415	0.330	0.610	0.616	0.624	0.628	0.637	0.642	0.644	0.635	0.610

林地类型 Woodland type	4-R_s = a +b (TW)	R²	7-R_s = ae^b^TW^c	R²	6-R_s = aT^bW^c	R²
杨树 Populus sp.	R_s = -0.494 + 0.015T₅₀W_15-30	0.56**	R_s = 0.091e^0.131^T⁵⁰W_15-30^0.490	0.81*	R_s = 0.002T₅₀^2.201W_15-30^0.479	0.77*
榆树 Ulmus pumila	R_s = 0.560 + 0.004T₃₅W_5-15	0.42*	R_s = 0.181e^0.084^T³⁵W_5-15^0.291	0.59*	R_s = 0.017T₃₅^1.382W_5-15^0.258	0.58*
	8-R_s = a + bT + cW + dTW	R²	5-R_s = a + bT + cW	R²
杨树 Populus sp.	R_s = 13.554-0.738T₅₀-1.053W_15-30 + 0.071T₅₀W_15-30	0.82**	R_s = -3.472 + 0.402T₅₀+ 0.025W_15-30	0.69**
榆树 Ulmus pumila	R_s = 0.698 + 0.043T₃₅-0.087W_5-15 + 0.006T₃₅W_5-15	NS	R_s = -0.842 + 0.134T₃₅+ 0.022W_5-15	0.56*

干旱区杨树、榆树人工防护林地土壤CO₂释放通量研究

Analysis of soil CO₂ efflux in Populus and Ulmus pumila planting shelterbelts in arid region, China

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林地类型 Woodland type	深度 Depth (cm)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全量N Total N (g·kg^-1)	有效N Available N (mg·kg^-1)	pH (土水比1:5) (1:5 for soil: water)	电导率Electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)	全盐 Total salinity (g·kg^-1)	HCO₃^- (g·kg^-1)
杨树 Populus sp.	0-5	6.959	0.657	31.28	8.13	0.24	0.885	0.258
	5-15	4.173	0.330	21.12	8.24	0.22	0.895	0.261
	15-30	3.043	0.357	30.69	8.17	0.24	0.859	0.240
	30-50	2.926	0.235	13.73	8.31	0.15	0.654	0.270
榆树 Ulmus pumila	0-5	7.298	0.659	62.72	7.97	0.62	1.695	0.230
	5-15	4.191	0.442	22.90	8.17	0.18	0.668	0.329
	15-30	4.406	0.378	28.79	8.15	0.21	0.833	0.326
	30-50	4.407	0.429	14.78	7.91	0.14	0.270	0.947

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