植物生态学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 124-131.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0018
收稿日期:
2004-12-17
接受日期:
2005-09-21
出版日期:
2006-12-17
发布日期:
2006-01-30
作者简介:
E-mail:lihuashou@scau.edu.cn
基金资助:
LI Hua-Shou1(), ZHANG Xiu-Yu1, ZENG Xiang-You2, NIE Cheng-Rong1
Received:
2004-12-17
Accepted:
2005-09-21
Online:
2006-12-17
Published:
2006-01-30
摘要:
氯酸盐是一类毒性强的氧化剂,曾被作为非选择性除草剂和脱叶剂大量施用,近年来,氯酸钾作为产期调控剂也在龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)反季节生产中大量应用。然而,氯酸根离子强氧化性对生物体有明显的毒害效应,其残留及次生污染物对水体和土壤环境也存在较强的污染效应。龙眼园通常间种花生(Arachis hypogaea),该文实验研究了氯酸钾和氯化钠对花生生长的毒害效应。结果表明,当浸种溶液的KClO3浓度高于50 mg·L-1时,花生种子的发芽率和胚根长度大大降低,幼芽的电解质渗漏率和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高;当土壤中KClO3浓度高于50 mg·kg-1时,会使花生幼苗叶片质膜透性增大,而硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量和根系活力显著降低,氯酸钾的毒害效应远远超过氯化钠的盐害效应,高于50 mg·kg-1的KClO3还能使花生荚果期植株的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、根系活力、生物量合成和根瘤菌的数量显著降低。结论是,土壤中的KClO3浓度高于50 mg·kg-1时,即会显著影响花生植株的正常生长。
黎华寿, 张修玉, 曾祥有, 聂呈荣. 氯酸钾对花生生长的毒害效应. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(1): 124-131. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0018
LI Hua-Shou, ZHANG Xiu-Yu, ZENG Xiang-You, NIE Cheng-Rong. TOXIC EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE ON PEANUT GROWTH. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 124-131. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0018
KClO3浓度 Potassium chlorate concentration (mg·kg-1) | 蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m-2·s-1) | 光合速率 Photosynthesis rate (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg·g-1) | 根系活力 Vitality of roots (TTC mg·g-1·h-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 19.78±0.63a | 26.70±1.16a | 1.19±0.01a | 0.46±0.01a | 0.62±0.01a |
50 | 16.21±0.18b | 24.85±0.55a | 1.11±0.01b | 0.44±0.01a | 0.56±0.02b |
100 | 12.66±0.98c | 21.60±1.61b | 0.91±0.01c | 0.38±0.01b | 0.52±0.01bc |
200 | 10.43±0.58d | 19.47±0.43bc | 0.62±0.01d | 0.23±0.01c | 0.47±0.01c |
400 | 9.36±0.36de | 17.63±0.38c | 0.36±0.02e | 0.17±0.02d | 0.42±0.02d |
800 | 8.48±0.28e | 16.80±0.21c | 0.27±0.02f | 0.14±0.01e | 0.35±0.03e |
表1 KClO3对花生成年植株某些生理指标的影响
Table 1 Effects of KClO3 on some physiological index of peanut plant
KClO3浓度 Potassium chlorate concentration (mg·kg-1) | 蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m-2·s-1) | 光合速率 Photosynthesis rate (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg·g-1) | 根系活力 Vitality of roots (TTC mg·g-1·h-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 19.78±0.63a | 26.70±1.16a | 1.19±0.01a | 0.46±0.01a | 0.62±0.01a |
50 | 16.21±0.18b | 24.85±0.55a | 1.11±0.01b | 0.44±0.01a | 0.56±0.02b |
100 | 12.66±0.98c | 21.60±1.61b | 0.91±0.01c | 0.38±0.01b | 0.52±0.01bc |
200 | 10.43±0.58d | 19.47±0.43bc | 0.62±0.01d | 0.23±0.01c | 0.47±0.01c |
400 | 9.36±0.36de | 17.63±0.38c | 0.36±0.02e | 0.17±0.02d | 0.42±0.02d |
800 | 8.48±0.28e | 16.80±0.21c | 0.27±0.02f | 0.14±0.01e | 0.35±0.03e |
KClO3浓度 Potassium chlorate concentration (mg·kg-1) | 植株总鲜重 Fresh weight of total plant (g) | 地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of stem (g) | 地上部干重 Dry weight of stem (g) | 荚果鲜重 Fresh weight of fruits (g) | 根瘤菌数量(个) Number of Rhizobium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 77.30±6.37a | 46.71±5.78a | 15.21±2.08a | 27.11±2.98a | 128.25±11.00a |
50 | 56.28±11.30ab | 42.88±9.29ab | 13.28±2.64a | 11.44±1.95b | 100.25±4.61b |
100 | 45.53±6.08b | 28.45±5.38bc | 8.18±1.74b | 14.39±2.85b | 90.50±3.97b |
200 | 24.30±2.82c | 17.16±2.43c | 5.98±0.57b | 4.22±1.01c | 69.00±6.42c |
400 | 22.93±3.32c | 16.91±2.32c | 4.92±0.66b | 3.34±0.86c | 53.00±4.65cd |
800 | 15.47±4.26c | 11.54±2.73c | 3.79±1.21b | 0.49±0.18c | 44.25±3.09d |
表2 KClO3对花生植株生物量和根瘤菌数量的影响
Table 2 Effects of KClO3 on biomass and number of rhizobium of peanut plant
KClO3浓度 Potassium chlorate concentration (mg·kg-1) | 植株总鲜重 Fresh weight of total plant (g) | 地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of stem (g) | 地上部干重 Dry weight of stem (g) | 荚果鲜重 Fresh weight of fruits (g) | 根瘤菌数量(个) Number of Rhizobium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 77.30±6.37a | 46.71±5.78a | 15.21±2.08a | 27.11±2.98a | 128.25±11.00a |
50 | 56.28±11.30ab | 42.88±9.29ab | 13.28±2.64a | 11.44±1.95b | 100.25±4.61b |
100 | 45.53±6.08b | 28.45±5.38bc | 8.18±1.74b | 14.39±2.85b | 90.50±3.97b |
200 | 24.30±2.82c | 17.16±2.43c | 5.98±0.57b | 4.22±1.01c | 69.00±6.42c |
400 | 22.93±3.32c | 16.91±2.32c | 4.92±0.66b | 3.34±0.86c | 53.00±4.65cd |
800 | 15.47±4.26c | 11.54±2.73c | 3.79±1.21b | 0.49±0.18c | 44.25±3.09d |
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