岷江上游河岸带土地覆盖格局及其生态学解释

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0002

植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 2-10.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0002

岷江上游河岸带土地覆盖格局及其生态学解释

周睿¹^,², 胡玉喆¹, 熊颖¹, 王辉¹, 葛剑平¹^,^*(), 毕晓丽³

1 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875
2 云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明 650091
3 中国科学院植物研究所植物生态学研究中心,北京 100093

收稿日期:2006-01-12 接受日期:2006-05-14 出版日期:2007-01-12 发布日期:2007-01-30
通讯作者: 葛剑平
作者简介:* E-mail: gejp@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重大基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB111507);国家重大基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046802);国家自然科学基金项目(30270254)

INTERPRETING ECOLOGICAL LAND COVER PATTERN FOR THE RIPARIAN ZONE OF THE UPPER MINJIANG RIVER, CHINA

ZHOU Rui¹^,², HU Yu-Zhe¹, XIONG Ying¹, WANG Hui¹, GE Jian-Ping¹^,^*(), BI Xiao-Li³

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
²Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
³Research Center of Plant Ecology & Conservation Biology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2006-01-12 Accepted:2006-05-14 Online:2007-01-12 Published:2007-01-30
Contact: GE Jian-Ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对岷江上游干流河岸带的土地覆盖状况,将该区沿河流主干分为68个样方,结合空间信息及环境因子,对这些样方及流域内的12种土地覆盖类型,采用双向指示种分析法(Two-way indicator species analysis, TWINSPAN)和除趋势典范对应分析法(Detrended canonical correspondence analysis, DCCA)对种类和样方进行分类和排序,以揭示其生态学意义及环境影响因素。结果显示:1)研究区土地覆盖可分为高植被覆盖、中度植被覆盖和低/非植被覆盖3种类别,各类别在流域不同位置分布状况不同,整个流域以中度植被覆盖为主。2)所取样方可分为8个类群,各自拥有相似的土地覆盖组成,呈聚集分布。3)根据土地覆盖特征,河岸带可分为上、中、下3段,流域上段河岸带植被覆盖度较高;中段以中度植被覆盖类型为主,占总面积最大;下段集中了大部分人工土地覆盖类型。4)气温、海拔是影响岷江上游干流河岸带土地覆盖格局的最重要因素,此外降水和人类活动对其也有影响。除干旱河谷区外,顺流自上而下,海拔逐渐降低,水热条件逐渐改善,同时人类干扰强度也逐渐增加,是造成流域3段截然不同的土地覆盖格局的原因。5)干旱河谷特殊的土地覆盖格局是水、热共同作用造成的。总之,岷江上游河岸带土地覆盖呈现出一定的梯度变化特征,自然条件的制约是形成这一格局的主要原因。

关键词: 河岸带, TWINSPAN, DCCA, 土地覆盖, 岷江上游

Abstract:

Aims Riparian zones encompass sharp environmental gradients with an unusually diverse array of landforms, habitats and communities. The land cover pattern of the riparian zone was studied in the upper Minjiang River, China, to determine: 1) the land cover pattern and 2) environmental factors affecting the pattern.

Methods Sixty-eight quadrats with 12 classes of land cover were sampled along the main stream of the river. Based on the spatial information and environmental factors, the pattern of land cover was investigated using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA).

Important findings Land cover was classified into high, moderate and low/non-vegetation types. These had different distributions, with the moderate type most predominant. The quadrats were classified into 8 groups, within which each quadrat had similar land cover. Based on land cover, the riparian zone could be divided into three parts: the upper part with mostly high vegetation types, the middle part, which occupied the greatest area, mostly with moderate vegetation types, and the lower part, mostly with the man-made land cover type. Temperature and elevation were the most important environmental factors related to the land cover pattern, followed by precipitation and human distribution. From upper to lower parts of the riparian zone, temperature, precipitation and human activity increase. The overall result is explicitly different land cover patterns in the three parts of the riparian zone. The pattern of dry valley is controlled by the interaction of water and temperature. Ordination was useful in interpreting the land cover pattern of the riparian zone in the upper Minjiang River. Environment factors had a larger effect on this pattern than human factors.

Key words: riparian zone, TWINSPAN, DCCA, land cover, the upper Minjiang River

周睿, 胡玉喆, 熊颖, 王辉, 葛剑平, 毕晓丽. 岷江上游河岸带土地覆盖格局及其生态学解释. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 2-10. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0002

ZHOU Rui, HU Yu-Zhe, XIONG Ying, WANG Hui, GE Jian-Ping, BI Xiao-Li. INTERPRETING ECOLOGICAL LAND COVER PATTERN FOR THE RIPARIAN ZONE OF THE UPPER MINJIANG RIVER, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 2-10. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0002

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图/表 9

参考文献 29

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编码 Code	类型 Class name	比例(%) Percentage
11	水田 Paddy field	0.47
12	旱地 Dry land	7.40
21	有林地 Woodland	9.84
22	灌木林地 Shrub	35.19
23	其它林地 Other woodland	3.98
24	园地 Orchard	0.09
31	高覆盖度草地 High cover grassland	10.98
32	中覆盖度草地 Moderate cover grassland	31.46
41	河渠 River	0.10
42	湖泊 Lake	0.12
51	城镇用地 Town	0.14
52	工矿用地 Factory	0.22

编码 Code	类型 Class name	比例(%) Percentage
11	水田 Paddy field	0.47
12	旱地 Dry land	7.40
21	有林地 Woodland	9.84
22	灌木林地 Shrub	35.19
23	其它林地 Other woodland	3.98
24	园地 Orchard	0.09
31	高覆盖度草地 High cover grassland	10.98
32	中覆盖度草地 Moderate cover grassland	31.46
41	河渠 River	0.10
42	湖泊 Lake	0.12
51	城镇用地 Town	0.14
52	工矿用地 Factory	0.22

类群 Type	子流域 Sub- watershed	土地覆盖组成 Land cover			环境因子 Environmental factors
类群 Type	子流域 Sub- watershed	第一组比例 Percentage of group 1 (%)	第二组比例 Percentage of group 2 (%)	第三组比例 Percentage of group 3 (%)	海拔高度 Elevation (m)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Average annual temperature (℃)	居民点密度 Density of residence (km^-2)
Ⅷ	1	35.10	64.88	0.02	3 892.33	386.66	3.24	0.02
Ⅵ	1	78.13	21.27	0.60	3 169.08	656.67	5.84	0.09
Ⅶ	1	48.75	51.25	0	3 574.33	686.52	5.64	0.09
Ⅲ	2、3、4	3.93	95.36	0.81	2 412.19	650.63	10.74	0.12
Ⅱ	3、4	8.65	75.19	16.16	1 856.46	793.49	11.67	0.13
Ⅳ	1、2、3、4	24.58	72.11	3.31	2 536.40	721.82	8.64	0.15
Ⅴ	5	50.89	42.02	7.09	1 615.00	1 161.23	15.59	0.15
Ⅰ	5	35.33	42.37	22.30	1 061.00	1 122.02	15.30	0.21

类群 Type	子流域 Sub- watershed	土地覆盖组成 Land cover			环境因子 Environmental factors
类群 Type	子流域 Sub- watershed	第一组比例 Percentage of group 1 (%)	第二组比例 Percentage of group 2 (%)	第三组比例 Percentage of group 3 (%)	海拔高度 Elevation (m)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Average annual temperature (℃)	居民点密度 Density of residence (km^-2)
Ⅷ	1	35.10	64.88	0.02	3 892.33	386.66	3.24	0.02
Ⅵ	1	78.13	21.27	0.60	3 169.08	656.67	5.84	0.09
Ⅶ	1	48.75	51.25	0	3 574.33	686.52	5.64	0.09
Ⅲ	2、3、4	3.93	95.36	0.81	2 412.19	650.63	10.74	0.12
Ⅱ	3、4	8.65	75.19	16.16	1 856.46	793.49	11.67	0.13
Ⅳ	1、2、3、4	24.58	72.11	3.31	2 536.40	721.82	8.64	0.15
Ⅴ	5	50.89	42.02	7.09	1 615.00	1 161.23	15.59	0.15
Ⅰ	5	35.33	42.37	22.30	1 061.00	1 122.02	15.30	0.21

		轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	轴3 Axis 3
环境因子-排序轴相关系数 Correlations of environmental variables with the first three axes of DCCA	海拔高度DEM	0.680	0.206	0.285
	年均温TEM	-0.830	-0.086	-0.451
	年降水RAIN	-0.326	-0.708	-0.034
	居民点密度RES	0.171	-0.632	-0.276
	坡度SLOP	-0.428	0.013	-0.793
土地覆盖类型-环境相关系数 Landcover-environment correlation coefficients		0.762	0.575	0.451
特征值 Eigenvalues		0.258	0.074	0.023
累计解释量 Cumulative percentage variance of landcover-environment relation		60.879	81.702	81.702

岷江上游河岸带土地覆盖格局及其生态学解释

INTERPRETING ECOLOGICAL LAND COVER PATTERN FOR THE RIPARIAN ZONE OF THE UPPER MINJIANG RIVER, CHINA

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