宁夏沙湖几种主要荒漠植物成丛性分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0005

植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 32-39.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0005

宁夏沙湖几种主要荒漠植物成丛性分析

张程¹, 张明娟², 徐驰¹, 刘茂松¹^,^*(), 王汉杰³, 胡海波⁴

1 南京大学生命科学学院,南京 210093
2 南京农业大学园艺系,南京 210000
3 中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京 100085
4 南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京 210037

收稿日期:2005-12-12 接受日期:2006-04-28 出版日期:2007-12-12 发布日期:2007-01-30
通讯作者: 刘茂松
作者简介:* E-mail: msliu@nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国西部环境和生态科学重大研究计划(90302015)

ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATION IN DESERT PLANT SPECIES IN SAND LAKE, NINGXIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA

ZHANG Cheng¹, ZHANG Ming-Juan², XU Chi¹, LIU Mao-Song¹^,^*(), WANG Han-Jie³, HU Hai-Bo⁴

¹School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
²Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
³Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
⁴College of Forest Resource and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2005-12-12 Accepted:2006-04-28 Online:2007-12-12 Published:2007-01-30
Contact: LIU Mao-Song

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文对宁夏沙湖地区几种主要荒漠植物成丛或聚集分布的空间特征进行了研究,提出应用成丛性表征植物丛聚水平,并以丛生植物的丛径或散生植物的聚集分布尺度范围衡量植物成丛性的发育程度。其中散生植物的聚集尺度以Riplay's K点格局法进行计算。结果表明,植物的丛聚水平与生境条件密切相关,强日照、干热风、空旷的立地、较高土壤含水率、强透水蓄水能力等生境条件会促进植物成丛性的发育,而蒸腾胁迫低、土壤供水能力较差的生境条件下植物成丛性发育较弱。荒漠植物通过成丛或聚集分布可以形成局部微生境,减少地上部分的水分胁迫,是植物在群落水平适应环境的重要途径。

关键词: 种群格局, 成丛性, 丛生植物, 散生植物, 聚集尺度, 点格局分析, 群落适应

Abstract:

Aims Many desert plants show clumped or aggregated distribution patterns, but the adaptive advantage of this spatial pattern is rarely studied. We selected several representative desert plant communities in Sand Lake, Ningxia Autonomous Region and examined the distribution patterns of common desert species to determine adaptation to arid conditions through aggregation. Aggregation was measured by the clump diameter of the caespitose species and the aggregation scale of the scattered species, and relationships between degree of aggregation and soil properties were examined.

Methods We used point pattern analysis to calculate the aggregation scale of scattered species in plots and collected data on soil steady infiltration rate and community characteristics such as species composition and abundance, as well as diameters and central coordinates of individuals or clumps. Soil moisture content was measured in five different depths: top soil, 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm.

Important findings Caespitose and scattered species have different degrees of aggregation in different communities. Herbaceous caespitose species, such as Achnatherum splendens, usually had a lower degree of aggregation with better site conditions. A. splendens had the smallest average clump diameter in the only plot with a tree canopy that blocked direct solar radiation and reduced evaportranspiration. Other caespitose species exhibited a similar phenomenon, e.g., the clump diameter of Nitraria tangutorum was the largest in a plot where habitat conditions were poor. Scattered species had a higher degree of aggregation in a plot that had a high steady infiltration rate, indicating that high soil permeability could enhance the degree of aggregation. Point pattern analysis indicated a wide range of aggregation of Reaumuria soongoric in plot 3 (0-2 m, 2.3-3.75 m and 4-4.5 m), while another dominant, Kalidium foliatum, was aggregated at 0-5 m. The study indicates that aggregation of desert plants is correlated with habitat conditions. The degree of aggregation tends to be greater in habitats with high solar radiation, hot and dry wind, open stand structure, high soil moisture content and high soil hydraulic permeability. Low aggregation is associated with low transpiration stress and soil water supply. Desert plants could form a micro-habitat by aggregation, reducing evaportranspiration stress and serving as an important adaptive strategy at the community level.

Key words: distribution pattern, caespitose plants, scattered plants, aggregation, point pattern analysis, adaptation at community level

张程, 张明娟, 徐驰, 刘茂松, 王汉杰, 胡海波. 宁夏沙湖几种主要荒漠植物成丛性分析. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 32-39. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0005

ZHANG Cheng, ZHANG Ming-Juan, XU Chi, LIU Mao-Song, WANG Han-Jie, HU Hai-Bo. ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATION IN DESERT PLANT SPECIES IN SAND LAKE, NINGXIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 32-39. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0005

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I1/32

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参考文献 41

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样地号 Plot No.	群落名称 Community	盖度(%) Coverage	立地条件 Site conditions
1	沙枣-芨芨草群落 Community of Elaeagnus angustifolia-Achnatherum splendens	85.5	沙枣林下,白僵土,壤质较发育,无曝晒 Understory, loamy sand developed from alkali adobe soil, little direct sunshine
2	芨芨草-苦豆子群落 Community of Achnatherum splendens-Sophora alopecuroides	62.5	白僵土,土壤裸露少,壤土成分较高 Little bare area of alkali adobe soil, with a considerable loamy sand of topsoil
3	红砂-盐爪爪-细枝盐爪爪群落 Community of Reaumuria songarica-Kalidium foliatum-Kalidium gracile	54.4	白僵土,粉沙质土壤 Part of bare area of alkali adobe soil with some loamy sand topsoil
4	白刺-芨芨草群落 Community of Nitraria tangutorum-Achnatherum splendens	25.9	白僵土,大片裸地,白刺生于沙包上 Large proportion of bare alkali adobe soil with sand dunes where grow N. tangutorum

样地号 Plot No.	群落名称 Community	盖度(%) Coverage	立地条件 Site conditions
1	沙枣-芨芨草群落 Community of Elaeagnus angustifolia-Achnatherum splendens	85.5	沙枣林下,白僵土,壤质较发育,无曝晒 Understory, loamy sand developed from alkali adobe soil, little direct sunshine
2	芨芨草-苦豆子群落 Community of Achnatherum splendens-Sophora alopecuroides	62.5	白僵土,土壤裸露少,壤土成分较高 Little bare area of alkali adobe soil, with a considerable loamy sand of topsoil
3	红砂-盐爪爪-细枝盐爪爪群落 Community of Reaumuria songarica-Kalidium foliatum-Kalidium gracile	54.4	白僵土,粉沙质土壤 Part of bare area of alkali adobe soil with some loamy sand topsoil
4	白刺-芨芨草群落 Community of Nitraria tangutorum-Achnatherum splendens	25.9	白僵土,大片裸地,白刺生于沙包上 Large proportion of bare alkali adobe soil with sand dunes where grow N. tangutorum

样方号 Plot No.	土壤含水率 Percentage of soil absolute moisture content (%)					稳渗率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·h^-1)	达到稳渗时间 Time (min)
样方号 Plot No.	表土层Top soil	0~10 cm	10~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~100 cm	稳渗率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·h^-1)	达到稳渗时间 Time (min)
1	6.770	4.67	11.79	14.50	14.53	10.40	23
2	0.925	2.25	10.25	12.73	16.54	2.39	14
3	0.265	0.87	5.06	12.22	16.72	6.92	17
4	2.330	6.47	10.26	8.75	13.77	1.00	18

样方号 Plot No.	土壤含水率 Percentage of soil absolute moisture content (%)					稳渗率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·h^-1)	达到稳渗时间 Time (min)
样方号 Plot No.	表土层Top soil	0~10 cm	10~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~100 cm	稳渗率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·h^-1)	达到稳渗时间 Time (min)
1	6.770	4.67	11.79	14.50	14.53	10.40	23
2	0.925	2.25	10.25	12.73	16.54	2.39	14
3	0.265	0.87	5.06	12.22	16.72	6.92	17
4	2.330	6.47	10.26	8.75	13.77	1.00	18

样地号 Plot No.	种名 Species name	生态习性 Habits	平均丛径 (cm) Average diameter of clumps	聚集分布范围(m) Scale of aggregated distribution
1	芨芨草 Achnatherum splendens 苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroides 白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	丛生 Clump 散生 Scatter 丛生 Clump	7.12 - 10.08	- 0~0.25、1.00~2.25 -
2	芨芨草A. splendens 苦豆子S. alopecuroides 白刺N. tangutorum 披针叶黄华 Tlanceolata lancedatas 甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	丛生Clump 散生Scatter 丛生Clump 散生Scatter 散生Scatter	10.56 - 12.76 - -	- 0~4.75 - 0~2.6 0.75~1.30、1.80~2.75、2.90~5.00
3	红砂 Reaumuria soongorica 盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum 细枝盐爪爪K. gracile 山苦荬Ixeris chinensis 白刺N. tangutorum	散生Scatter 散生Scatter 散生Scatter 散生Scatter 丛生Clump	- - - - 7.90	0~2.00、2.30~3.75、4.00~4.50 0~5.00 0~2.75、3.60~5.00 0~4.40 -
4	芨芨草A. splendens 白刺N. tangutorum 红砂 R. soongorica	丛生Clump 丛生Clump 散生Scatter	11.02 27.63 -	- - 0~2.00、2.40~3.70、4.00~4.50

宁夏沙湖几种主要荒漠植物成丛性分析

ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATION IN DESERT PLANT SPECIES IN SAND LAKE, NINGXIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA

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