底泥高磷浓度提高了喜旱莲子草的入侵性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物通过改变自身的形态和生态生理特征对多变的环境因素做出响应,这种表型可塑性能增强外来物种的入侵能力。该文研究了入侵植物喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)对底泥磷浓度、植株密度以及二者间交互作用的可塑性响应,探讨可塑性是否能使其获得更高的入侵能力。结果表明:低密度×底泥高磷浓度处理条件下的叶重、茎重、总重、叶数、分枝数和茎长等明显高于低、中磷浓度处理;高密度×底泥高磷浓度条件下的叶数、茎长和比茎长的值最大;植株的含磷量随底泥磷浓度的升高显著增加,说明喜旱莲子草响应底泥磷浓度变化时改变了自身的形态与生态生理性状。泥底含磷量对叶重比、叶数、茎长、茎磷含量、叶磷含量和植株总含磷量的影响都达到显著水平(p<0.05);植株密度对茎重、比茎长、叶磷含量和植株总磷含量的影响达到显著水平(p<0.05)。与入侵能力相关的叶重比、叶数、茎长在底泥高磷浓度处理中显著增加,说明底泥的高磷浓度增强了喜旱莲子草的入侵能力。

关键词: 表型可塑性, 底泥磷浓度, 植株密度, 入侵性, 克隆生长, 喜旱莲子草

Abstract:

Aims Plants show phenotypic plasticity in response to changing environments via variations of morphological and ecophysiological traits, and this plasticity can increase invasiveness. Plasticity, rather than genetic diversity, made Alternanthera philoxeroides more invasive, but its plasticity to sediment phosphorus concentration of invaded habitats was undocumented. This study addresses plasticity of A. philoxeroides to sediment phosphorus concentration and planting density and whether plasticity increases invasiveness.
Methods In a controlled factorial experiment, we grew artificial populations of A. philoxeroides at low and high densities (four and eight individuals per container, respectively) under three levels (low, median, high) of sediment phosphorus concentrations. All plants were harvested after six weeks, and dry mass of leaves, stems and roots were measured.
Important findings Under low planting density, leaf mass and number, stem mass and length, branch number, and total biomass of A. philoxeroides were larger at high than low or median sediment phosphorus concentration. Under high planting density, leaf number, stem length and special stem length were greater at high than at low or median sediment phosphorus concentration. Leaf, stem, root and total phosphorus concentrations in A. philoxeroides increased significantly with increasing the sediment phosphorus concentration. Leaf mass ratio was also affected by sediment phosphorus concentration, and stem mass, special stem length, leaf and total phosphorus concentration were significantly affected by planting density. Results imply that morphological and ecophysiological traits of A. philoxeroides were altered by sediment phosphorus concentration and that high sediment phosphorus may strengthen the invasiveness of A. philoxeroides.

Key words: phenotypic plasticity, sediment phosphorus, planting density, invasiveness, clonal growth, Alternanthera philoxeroides

申瑞玲, 关保华, 蔡颖, 安树青, 蒋金辉, 董蕾. 底泥高磷浓度提高了喜旱莲子草的入侵性. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 665-672. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0086

SHEN Rui-Ling, GUAN Bao-Hua, CAI Ying, AN Shu-Qing, JIANG Jin-Hui, DONG Lei. HIGH SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION ENHANCED INVASIVENESS OF ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(4): 665-672. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0086

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0086

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I4/665

图/表 5

表1 实验设计和处理代码

Table 1 The experimental design and treatment codes

植株密度 Planting density	底泥磷浓度处理 Sediment phosphorus concentration (mg·g^-1)
植株密度 Planting density	低 Low 27.56 ± 0.78	中 Medium 52.85 ± 1.30	高 High 115.61 ± 2.72
低(4株·桶^-1) Low (4 individuals per container)	LSP-LPD	MSP-LPD	HSP-LPD
高(8株·桶^-1) High (8 individuals per container)	LSP-HPD	MSP-HPD	HSP-HPD

图1 喜旱莲子草生物量积累与分配对底泥磷浓度和植株密度的响应 LPD、HPD、LSP、MSP、HSP: 见表1

Fig.1 Responses of biomass accumulation and biomass allocation of Alternanthera philoxeroides to the sediment phosphorus concentration and planting density LPD、HPD、LSP、MSP、HSP: See Table 1

图2 喜旱莲子草的形态指标对底泥磷浓度和植株密度的响应(平均值±标准差)

Fig.2 Responses of the morphological traits of Alternanthera philoxeroides to the sediment phosphorus concentration and planting density (Mean±SE) LPD、HPD、LSP、MSP、HSP: 见图1 See Fig.1 图中不同的字母表示不同处理之间通过Duncan法进行多重检验得出的显著性差异 Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Duncan's post-hoc tests)

图3 喜旱莲子草的生态生理指标对底泥磷浓度和植株密度的响应(平均值±标准差)

Fig.3 Responses of the ecophysiological traits of Alternanthera philoxeroides to the sediment phosphorus concentration and planting density (Mean±SE) LPD、HPD、LSP、MSP、HSP: 见图 1 See Fig. 1 图中不同的字母表示不同处理之间通过Duncan法进行多重检验得出的显著性差异 Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Duncan's post-hoc tests)

表2 底泥磷浓度和植株密度对喜旱莲子草形态和生态生理特征的影响的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA of effects of the sediment phosphorus concentration and planting density on the morphological and ecophysiological traits of Alternanthera philoxeroides

参数 Dependent variables	底泥磷浓度 Sediment P concentration (df=2)		植株密度 Planting density (df=1)		交互作用 Interaction (df=2)
参数 Dependent variables	F	p	F	p	F	p
叶重 Leaf mass	2.466	0.124	0.001	0.978	1.756	0.211
叶重比 Leaf mass ratio	3.873	0.048	3.614	0.080	0.430	0.659
叶数 Leaf number	3.916	0.047	0.496	0.494	1.050	0.378
茎重 Stem mass	1.890	0.190	5.261	0.039^*	7.820	0.006
茎重比 Stem mass ratio	1.767	0.210	3.218	0.096	0.701	0.514
茎长 Stem length	7.938	0.006	0.003	0.958	6.680	0.010
茎直径 Stem basal diameter	1.038	0.382	0.496	0.494	6.804	0.010
比茎长 Stem special length	0.509	0.613	4.720	0.049	4.054	0.043
分枝数 Number of branches	2.192	0.151	3.805	0.073	5.400	0.020
根重 Root mass	1.260	0.316	1.748	0.209	2.706	0.104
根重比 Root mass ratio	1.137	0.351	0.009	0.925	0.092	0.913
根冠比 Root/shoot	1.287	0.309	0.000	0.994	0.108	0.899
根数 Root number	1.586	0.242	0.933	0.352	0.674	0.526
地上重 Above-ground mass	1.186	0.336	3.341	0.091	6.757	0.010
总重 Total mass	1.236	0.323	3.171	0.098	6.107	0.014
叶磷含量 Leaf P concentration	255.010	<0.001	17.734	0.006	5.316	0.047
茎磷含量 Stem P concentration	111.116	<0.001	0.317	0.594	1.032	0.412
根磷含量 Root P concentration	2.806	0.138	3.265	0.121	0.106	0.390
总磷含量Total plant P concentration	32.482	<0.001	8.085	0.029	2.733	0.143

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