西双版纳不同斑块望天树种群的密度、结构和生物量

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据5个不同斑块的野外调查数据,分析了残存分布在西双版纳的国家一级保护稀有树种望天树(Parashorea chinensis)的种群密度与数量、年龄结构与生物量动态,组建了不同生长发育阶段的望天树个体生长与年龄的回归模型、个体生物量模型及种群年龄结构模型,编制了不同斑块的望天树种群及整个种群的静态生命表、存活曲线和年龄结构图。结果表明,不同斑块的望天树种群因种群年龄及所受到的干扰方式的不同,其种群密度和年龄结构差异很大,不同年龄阶段的死亡率也不同。面积最小的斑块缺乏成熟个体,并出现龄级结构缺省的现象。不同斑块局部种群的生物量随林龄的变化近似于Logistic增长,但各斑块局部种群的最大生物量以及生物量随时间的动态变化有所不同。整个种群的年龄结构为稳定增长型种群,1~60龄的种群个体的死亡率随林龄的增加而下降,60~150龄的个体死亡率随林龄的增加而上升,180 龄后种群呈现生理衰退,个体出现死亡高峰。种群的生物量在 180 龄前呈Logistic 增长,此后,生物量下降。部分斑块受到严重的人为干扰,已严重威胁其局部种群的生存。

关键词: 望天树, 种群密度, 年龄结构, 存活曲线, 生物量

Abstract:

Aims Parashorea chinensis, an endangered plant listed as the first class protected in China, now survives in local fragmented forests in Mengla, Hekou in Yunnan and Bama, Tianyang, Longzhou, Napo in Guangxi. We developed regression models for individual growth, age structure and biomass and analyzed population density, age structure, biomass dynamics and survivorship curves for local populations and the entire population in Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, SW China. Our objective was to understand the population dynamics to aid protection of this endangered plant.
Methods We established different numbers and sizes of plots (50 m × 20 m or 100 m × 20 m ) in five local patches according to patch size, and each plot was divided into 10 m × 10 m subplots to measure the height, diameter at breast height (DBH) or basal diameter and crown of each individual >0.5 m height. We also measured height, basal diameter and crown of each individual <0.5 m height in 2 m × 2 m quadrats in each subplot.
Important findings There were large differences in population density and age structure as well as mortality rate for different age stages of local populations in different patches. The local population density of the patch in which some trees were cut was 3-4 times as much as the patch which was protected and 16 -18 times as much as the patch which was planted with Amomum villosum. Moreover, the local population of the smallest patch had no mature individuals and lacked individuals in some age stages. Although the biomass of local populations showed logistic increase with stand age, maximum biomass and biomass dynamics with time were different for local populations. The survivorship curve of the entire population was approximately a straight line, indicating that the age structure of entire population was stable and increasing. The mortality of 1-60 year-old individuals declined, mortality of 60-150 year-old individuals increased with age, and peak mortality occurred after 180 years. The biomass of the entire population was consistent with logistic growth before 180 years and was at a maximum at about 180 years. However, some patches had been so badly disturbed that the local populations were on the edge of extinction. Effective steps must be taken to protect this endangered plant population.

Key words: Parashorea chinensis, population density, age structure, survivorship curves, biomass

唐建维, 施济普, 张光明, 白坤甲. 西双版纳不同斑块望天树种群的密度、结构和生物量. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 40-54. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.005

TANG Jian-Wei, SHI Ji-Pu, ZHANG Guang-Ming, BAI Kun-Jia. DENSITY, STRUCTURE AND BIOMASS OF PARASHOREA CHINENSIS POPULATIONS IN DIFFERENT PATCHES IN XISHUANGBANNA, SW CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 40-54. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.005

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.005

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I1/40

图/表 10

图1 西双版纳望天树种群的分布

Fig.1 Distribution of Parashorea chinensis population in Xishuangbanna

表1 不同斑块望天树种群密度及样地概况

Table 1 Plot situation and density of Parashorea chinensis population in different patches

地点 Site	南杭河 Nanhang River	阿棉洛巴 Amianluoba	灰阴河 Huiyin River	南沙河 Nansha River	回都河 Huidu River
地理位置 Location	21°36'23″ N, 101°37'07″ E	21°35'50″ N, 101°37'22″ E	21°36'32″ N, 101°36'16″ E	21°36'19″ N, 101°34'19″ E	21°35'45″ N, 101°34'25″ E
斑块面积 Patch area (hm²)	0.4	8.0	40.0	1.0	5.0
样地数 No. of plot	1	3	4	1	3
样地总面积 Total area of plot (hm²)	0.1	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.3
种群密度 Population density (ind.·hm^-2)	19 901	21 876	5 788	7 363	1 219
海拔 Altitude (m)	780~880	700~830	685~850	700~750	750~850
盖度 Coverage (%)	70	65	85	80	80
pH	5.8	5.4	5.9	5.6	6.1
有机质 Organic matter (%)	2.7	3.5	2.1	2.6	2.9
受干扰程度 Disturbed degree	大 Heavy	较大 Heavier	最小 Little	小 Minor	最大Heaviest
受干扰方式 Disturbed ways	该斑块不在自然保护区内。斑块面积最小, 周围均是农地, 群落中其它乔木被人为砍伐, 且黄竹已侵入该斑块中 This patch is the smallest among the studied ones and out of nature reserve, as well as surrounded by farmland. Some trees were cut. Dendrocalamus membranaceus has invaded in this patch	斑块中部分地段上其它乔木被砍伐, 且不在自然保护区中。人为干扰较多, 坡下部已种植砂仁 This patch is out of nature reserve. Some trees were cut. Amomum villosum was planted in lower slope	位于自然保护区, 离村寨较远,人为干扰很少 This patch is in nature reserve and far from village, and less disturbed	位于自然保护区的边缘, 受到的人为干扰较少 This patch is at the edge of nature reserve and is disturbed	虽位于自然保护区, 但林下已大量种植砂仁 This patch is in nature reserve but seriously disturbed because Amomum villosum was planted in the forest

表1 不同斑块望天树种群密度及样地概况

Table 1 Plot situation and density of Parashorea chinensis population in different patches

地点 Site	南杭河 Nanhang River	阿棉洛巴 Amianluoba	灰阴河 Huiyin River	南沙河 Nansha River	回都河 Huidu River
地理位置 Location	21°36'23″ N, 101°37'07″ E	21°35'50″ N, 101°37'22″ E	21°36'32″ N, 101°36'16″ E	21°36'19″ N, 101°34'19″ E	21°35'45″ N, 101°34'25″ E
斑块面积 Patch area (hm²)	0.4	8.0	40.0	1.0	5.0
样地数 No. of plot	1	3	4	1	3
样地总面积 Total area of plot (hm²)	0.1	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.3
种群密度 Population density (ind.·hm^-2)	19 901	21 876	5 788	7 363	1 219
海拔 Altitude (m)	780~880	700~830	685~850	700~750	750~850
盖度 Coverage (%)	70	65	85	80	80
pH	5.8	5.4	5.9	5.6	6.1
有机质 Organic matter (%)	2.7	3.5	2.1	2.6	2.9
受干扰程度 Disturbed degree	大 Heavy	较大 Heavier	最小 Little	小 Minor	最大Heaviest
受干扰方式 Disturbed ways	该斑块不在自然保护区内。斑块面积最小, 周围均是农地, 群落中其它乔木被人为砍伐, 且黄竹已侵入该斑块中 This patch is the smallest among the studied ones and out of nature reserve, as well as surrounded by farmland. Some trees were cut. Dendrocalamus membranaceus has invaded in this patch	斑块中部分地段上其它乔木被砍伐, 且不在自然保护区中。人为干扰较多, 坡下部已种植砂仁 This patch is out of nature reserve. Some trees were cut. Amomum villosum was planted in lower slope	位于自然保护区, 离村寨较远,人为干扰很少 This patch is in nature reserve and far from village, and less disturbed	位于自然保护区的边缘, 受到的人为干扰较少 This patch is at the edge of nature reserve and is disturbed	虽位于自然保护区, 但林下已大量种植砂仁 This patch is in nature reserve but seriously disturbed because Amomum villosum was planted in the forest

图2 西双版纳望天树种群个体的基径和胸径随年龄变化的生长曲线 ○: 实测值 —: 模拟曲线

Fig.2 Growth curves of individual basal diameter and diameter at breast height (DBH) of Parashorea chinensis with age change in Xishuangbanna ○: Observed values —: Simulated curves

表2 西双版纳不同斑块及整个望天树种群的静态生命表

Table 2 A static life-table of local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna

图3 不同斑块及整个望天树种群的年龄结构图

Fig.3 Age structures of local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna

图4 西双版纳不同斑块及整个望天树种群特定年龄死亡率

Fig.4 Age-specific mortality rate of local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna

图5 西双版纳不同斑块及整个望天树种群特定年龄存活曲线

Fig.5 Age-specific survivorship curves of local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna

图6 西双版纳不同斑块及整个望天树种群的双对数存活曲线(点连线是观测值,直线是模拟值)

Fig.6 Survivorship curves of individual number (log) vs. age (log) for local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna (dot lines show observed values, and straight lines show simulated values)

图7 望天树种群个体生物量随基径和胸径变化的动态曲线 ○: 实测值 —: 模拟曲线

Fig.7 Biomass dynamics of individual with basal diameter and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth for Parashorea chinensis population ○: Observed values —: Simulated curves

图8 西双版纳望天树不同斑块局部种群及整个种群的生物量动态

Fig.8 Biomass dynamics of local populations on different patches and entire population of Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna

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