伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统乔木植物功能型分类

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乔木层优势种左右着森林生态系统的结构与功能, 以乔木层优势种为主体划分森林生态系统功能型, 可以对森林生态系统的功能、框架结构及类群分布有一个明确的认识。伏牛山国家级自然保护区是中国东部森林样带中的亚热带和暖温带的结合点, 具有南北气候过渡带的典型特征, 群落的优势种突出, 随着环境梯度(海拔)的变化, 乔木层优势种变化明显, 能较好地反映出植被与环境的动态关系。采用群落生态学的调查方法, 在伏牛山南北坡设置66个样地。根据调查结果, 通过计算重要值, 选取37个优势度相对较大的乔木树种进行种间联结及相关性分析, 以χ²检验为基础, 结合联结系数AC和共同出现百分率PC来测定乔木优势种间的联结性, 根据优势种间的联结性及其在海拔梯度上的变化异同来划分植物功能群。结果表明, 栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)、短柄枹(Q. glandulifera)、锐齿栎(Q. acutidentata)、华山松(Pinus armandi)依海拔升高分别具有最大的优势势性。以这4个优势种为主体将伏牛山自然保护区乔木层划分为4个植物功能型, 第一组功能型为: 栓皮栎、槲栎(Q. aliena)、山槐(Albizia kalkora)、茅栗(Castanea seguinii)(1 100 m以下); 第二组功能型为: 短柄枹、化香(Platycarya strobilacea)、黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)(1 100~1 400 m); 第三组功能型为: 锐齿栎、千金榆(Carpinus cordata)、漆树(Toxicodendron verniciflum)(1 400~1 800 m); 第四组功能型为: 华山松、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、六道木(Abelia biflora)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)、红桦(B. albo-sinensis)(1 800 m以上)。功能群间的形态特征有明显的区别, 如叶片的大小、形状等, 这些区别需要生理生态学的进一步研究。

关键词: 功能型, 伏牛山自然保护区, 优势种, 种间联结

Abstract:

Aims Dominant tree species control the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Delimiting plant functional types (PFTs) based on dominant tree species, therefore, can assist in understanding the functional, structural framework and species distributions of an ecosystem. Straddling the subtropical and warm-temperate zones of the Funiu Mountain National Natural Reserve, East China, is representative of north-south climatic transition zones. The tree layer is composed mainly of a few dominant species whose abundances vary along altitudinal gradients.

Methods Using community ecology techniques, we sampled the north and south slopes of Funiu Mountain. We calculated species importance values for 37 tree species and identified dominant species. χ²tests, together with association coefficient and percentage co-occurrence, were used to measure interspecific associations of the dominant tree species. PFTs were defined according to interspecific associations and altitudinal distributions of the dominant species.

Important findings Four dominant tree species (Quercus variabilis, Q. glandulifera, Q. acutidentata, Pinus armandi) formed the basis of four PFTs: Ⅰ. Q. variabilis, Q. aliena, Aldizzia kalkora, Castanea seguinii (under 1 000 m); Ⅱ. Q. glandulifera, Platycarya strobilacea, Pistacia chinensis (1 100-1 400 m); Ⅲ. Q. acutidentata, Carpinus cordata, Toxicodendron vernicifluum (1 400-1 800 m) and Ⅳ. Pinus armandi, P. tabulaeformis, Abelia biflora, Betula platyphylla, B. albo-sinensis (above 1 800 m). These PFTs differ in many morphological traits such as leaf size and phellem (cork) thickness, Further eco-physiological studies are required to better understand these differences.

Key words: plant functional types, Funiu Mountain National Natural Reserve, dominant species, interspecific association

胡楠, 范玉龙, 丁圣彦, 卢训令. 伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统乔木植物功能型分类. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1104-1115. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.015

HU Nan, FAN Yu-Long, DING Sheng-Yan, LU Xun-Ling. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES BASED ON DOMINANT TREE SPECIES IN THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM AT FUNIU MOUNTAIN NATIONAL RESERVE, EAST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1104-1115. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.015

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参考文献 35

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位置 Location	气候 Climate								植被 Vegetation
110°30′~113°05′ E 32°45′~34°00′ N ≈10 000 km²	降水 (mm) Precipitation	平均温度 (℃) Average temperature						海拔(m) Altitude	暖温带落叶阔叶林向亚热带常绿阔叶林的过渡型 Transitional types from temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
	800~1 100 mm	年均 Average		最高 Max.		最低 Min.		600~2 000
		南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope	南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope	南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope
		14.1~ 15.1	12.1~ 12.7	26.5~ 28.5		1~ 2	-1.5~ -2

位置 Location	气候 Climate								植被 Vegetation
110°30′~113°05′ E 32°45′~34°00′ N ≈10 000 km²	降水 (mm) Precipitation	平均温度 (℃) Average temperature						海拔(m) Altitude	暖温带落叶阔叶林向亚热带常绿阔叶林的过渡型 Transitional types from temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
	800~1 100 mm	年均 Average		最高 Max.		最低 Min.		600~2 000
		南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope	南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope	南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope
		14.1~ 15.1	12.1~ 12.7	26.5~ 28.5		1~ 2	-1.5~ -2

种号 No. of species	种名 Name of species	重要值 Important value	种号 No. of species	种名 Name of species	重要值 Important value
1	栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis	0.46	20	漆树 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	0.05
2	短柄枹 Q. glandulifera	0.35	21	黄檩 Dalbergia hupeana	0.01
3	锐齿栎 Q. acutidentata	0.63	22	青榨槭 Acer davidii	0.06
4	华山松 Pinus armandi	0.20	23	山楂 Crataegus pinnatifida	0.02
5	槲栎 Q. aliena	0.09	24	华榛 Corylus chinensis	0.02
6	化香 Platycarya strobilacea	0.10	25	麻栎 Quercus acutissima	0.01
7	千金榆 Carpinus cordata	0.12	26	六道木 Abelia biflora	0.01
8	山槐 Aldizia kalkora	0.04	27	合欢 Albizia julibrissin	0.01
9	椴树 Tilia chinensis	0.10	28	白蜡 Fraxinus chinensis	0.01
10	黄连木 Pistacia chinensis	0.03	29	白桦 Betula platyphylla	0.01
11	茅栗 Castanea seguinii	0.03	30	华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii	0.01
12	三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	0.06	31	红桦 B. albo-sinensis	0.01
13	鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	0.06	32	五角枫 Acer mono	0.01
14	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	0.02	33	拐枣 Hovenia dulcis	0.01
15	山樱桃 Prunus tomentosa	0.04	34	四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica	0.01
16	苦楝 Elia azedarach	0.01	35	岩栎 Q. acrodenta	0.01
17	黄栌 Cotinus coggyria	0.01	36	暖木 Elios aveitchioru	0.01
18	山橿 Lindera reflexa	0.01	37	山杨 Populus davidiana	0.01
19	油松 P. tabulaeformis	0.06

种号 No. of species	种名 Name of species	重要值 Important value	种号 No. of species	种名 Name of species	重要值 Important value
1	栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis	0.46	20	漆树 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	0.05
2	短柄枹 Q. glandulifera	0.35	21	黄檩 Dalbergia hupeana	0.01
3	锐齿栎 Q. acutidentata	0.63	22	青榨槭 Acer davidii	0.06
4	华山松 Pinus armandi	0.20	23	山楂 Crataegus pinnatifida	0.02
5	槲栎 Q. aliena	0.09	24	华榛 Corylus chinensis	0.02
6	化香 Platycarya strobilacea	0.10	25	麻栎 Quercus acutissima	0.01
7	千金榆 Carpinus cordata	0.12	26	六道木 Abelia biflora	0.01
8	山槐 Aldizia kalkora	0.04	27	合欢 Albizia julibrissin	0.01
9	椴树 Tilia chinensis	0.10	28	白蜡 Fraxinus chinensis	0.01
10	黄连木 Pistacia chinensis	0.03	29	白桦 Betula platyphylla	0.01
11	茅栗 Castanea seguinii	0.03	30	华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii	0.01
12	三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	0.06	31	红桦 B. albo-sinensis	0.01
13	鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	0.06	32	五角枫 Acer mono	0.01
14	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	0.02	33	拐枣 Hovenia dulcis	0.01
15	山樱桃 Prunus tomentosa	0.04	34	四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica	0.01
16	苦楝 Elia azedarach	0.01	35	岩栎 Q. acrodenta	0.01
17	黄栌 Cotinus coggyria	0.01	36	暖木 Elios aveitchioru	0.01
18	山橿 Lindera reflexa	0.01	37	山杨 Populus davidiana	0.01
19	油松 P. tabulaeformis	0.06