红壤稻田弃耕后植被和土壤有机碳对积水与火烧的早期响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明积水和冬季火烧对弃耕红壤稻田地表植被和土壤有机碳的影响, 该实验设置了对照(无人为干扰)、积水、冬季火烧和积水-冬季火烧4个不同处理, 采用样方法对样地植物的高度、密度、盖度及物种组成进行了调查。地上部分生物量采用收获法进行测定, 根系采用土柱法获取, 弃耕前后土壤有机碳含量的测定采用K₂Cr₂O₇外加热法。结果表明: 1)积水和冬季火烧对红壤稻田弃耕早期物种组成、丰富度、均匀度及多样性具有重要的影响。双穗雀稗(Paspalum paspaloides)和水竹叶(Murdannia triquetra)是积水条件下的优势种, 而柔枝莠竹(Microstegium vimineum)是冬季火烧条件下的优势种, 大狼杷草(Bidens frondosa)是积水和冬季火烧条件下的共优种。2)分布在0-5 cm表层土壤中的根系占0-20 cm深度土壤中根系的66.50%-80.34%。样地在积水条件下, 2011-2013年0-20 cm深度的土壤根系生物量分别高出对照样地的49.84%、73.34%和28.94%。3)冬季火烧可以提高样地的物种多样性和增加地上部分生物量, 2011-2013年冬季火烧样地分别高出对照样地的25.74%、64.30%和50.24%。4)与稻田弃耕前土壤有机碳含量逐渐上升趋势相反, 稻田弃耕6年后, 对照、积水、冬季火烧和积水-冬季火烧样地中土壤有机碳含量分别降低11.16%、18.99%、9.17%和19.12%, 并且在积水条件下土壤有机碳含量降低更明显(p < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 红壤稻田弃耕后地表植被物种组成、地上和地下生物量、土壤有机碳含量与积水和冬季火烧关系密切(p < 0.05)。

关键词: 弃耕, 生物量, 优势种, 红壤稻田, 土壤有机碳

Abstract:

Aims Large tracts of land have been abandoned since last century and the trend continues. Our objectives were to seek an effective solution for facilitating plant diversity on abandoned red paddy soils at an early stage, and to investigate the dynamics of soil organic carbon in relation to changes in vegetation.
Methods The experiment consisted of four treatments, including control (no disturbance from human activities), waterlogging, winter wildfire, and a combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire. Measurements were made in each treatment within quadrate sampling method. In each quadrate, the maximum plant height, density, coverage, and composition were surveyed and recorded by species. The above and belowground biomass and soil organic carbon content were determined with the methods of harvesting, soil coring, and K₂Cr₂O₇calefaction, respectively.
Important findings The results showed that waterlogging and winter wildfire significantly altered the vegetation richness, evenness, diversity, and species composition on the abandoned red paddy soils at the early stage. Paspalum paspaloides and Murdannia triquetra were the dominant plant species when the abandoned paddies had suffered waterlogging for the first few years, and Microstegium vimineum was the dominant species on sites experienced winter wildfire. Bidens frondosa was a co-dominant species in all the treatments. Compared with the control, the belowground biomass at the depth of 0-20 cm was increased by 49.84%, 73.34%, and 28.94%, respectively, in the waterlogging treatment in the year 2011, 2012 and 2013, and the aboveground biomass was increased by 25.74%, 64.30%, and 50.24%, respectively, in the winter wildfire treatment. The roots collected from the upper 5 cm soil layer accounted for 66.50%-80.34% of the total from the 0-20 cm layer. Winter wildfire resulted in greater values in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the vegetation. Different from the uptrend before abandonment, the soil organic carbon in the treatments of control, waterlogging, winter wildfire, and a combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire was reduced by 11.16%, 18.99%, 9.17%, and 19.12%, respectively, after six years of abandonment, and it was significantly lower in the waterlogging treatment (p < 0.05). Plant species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, biomass, and soil organic carbon all had strong relationships with waterlogging and winter wildfire on abandoned red paddy soils (p < 0.05).

Key words: abandonment, biomass, dominant species, red paddy soil, soil organic carbon

田文文,王卫,陈安磊,李裕元,李雁勇,谢小立. 红壤稻田弃耕后植被和土壤有机碳对积水与火烧的早期响应. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(6): 626-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058

TIAN Wen-Wen,WANG Wei,CHEN An-Lei,LI Yu-Yuan,LI Yan-Yong,XIE Xiao-Li. Early responses of vegetation and soil organic carbon to waterlogging and winter wildfire on abandoned red paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(6): 626-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I6/626

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	年份 Year	积水 Waterlogging	冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	积水-冬季火烧 Combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire
对照 Control	2012	0.81	0.80	0.64
对照 Control	2013	0.41	0.58	0.46
积水 Waterlogging	2012		0.88	0.78
积水 Waterlogging	2013		0.62	0.60
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	2012			0.69
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	2013			0.52

处理 Treatment	年份 Year	积水 Waterlogging	冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	积水-冬季火烧 Combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire
对照 Control	2012	0.81	0.80	0.64
对照 Control	2013	0.41	0.58	0.46
积水 Waterlogging	2012		0.88	0.78
积水 Waterlogging	2013		0.62	0.60
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	2012			0.69
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire	2013			0.52

物种 Species	IV (2012)				IV (2013)
物种 Species	CK	RF	WB	RFWB	CK	RF	WB	RFWB
双穗雀稗 Paspalum paspaloides	0.02	0.22	0.04	0.30	0	0.19	0.03	0.14
水竹叶 Murdannia triquetra	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.21
大狼杷草 Bidens frondosa	0.11	0.22	0.17	0.10	0.12	0.22	0.10	0.13
心叶荆芥 Nepeta fordii	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.08	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.07
辣蓼 Polygonum flaccidum	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.07
碎米莎草 Cyperus iria	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	0	0	0	0.03	0	0	0.02	0.04
柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum	0.35	0.15	0.33	0.04	0.34	0.15	0.33	0.04
牛毛毡 Heleocharis yokoscensis	0.02	0.03	0	0	0	0.03	0.01	0.04
空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.05	0.09	0.06	0	0.03	0.10	0.03	0
猪毛草 Scirpus wallichii	0	0	0	0.03	0	0.04	0.01	0.05
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.08	0	0.04	0
白茅 Imperata cylindrica	0.05	0	0	0	0.04	0	0	0
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	0.04	0	0	0	0.04	0	0	0
细花莴苣 Lactuca graciliflora	0.04	0	0	0	0	0	0.05	0
宽叶香蒲 Typha latifolia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0
狭叶母草 Lindernia angustifolia	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0.03
宽叶母草 Lindernia nummularifolia	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.01
圆叶节节菜 Rotala rotundifolia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
白花蛇舌草 Hedyotis diffusa	0	0	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.02
积雪草 Centella asiatica	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrate	0	0	0.03	0	0.01	0	0	0.01
地耳草 Hypericum japonicum	0	0	0	0	0.02	0	0	0
破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	0	0	0	0.10	0	0	0	0.02
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.03	0
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	0	0.03	0	0	0	0	0.03	0
海金沙 Lygodium japomicum	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0

物种 Species	IV (2012)				IV (2013)
物种 Species	CK	RF	WB	RFWB	CK	RF	WB	RFWB
双穗雀稗 Paspalum paspaloides	0.02	0.22	0.04	0.30	0	0.19	0.03	0.14
水竹叶 Murdannia triquetra	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.21
大狼杷草 Bidens frondosa	0.11	0.22	0.17	0.10	0.12	0.22	0.10	0.13
心叶荆芥 Nepeta fordii	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.08	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.07
辣蓼 Polygonum flaccidum	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.07
碎米莎草 Cyperus iria	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	0	0	0	0.03	0	0	0.02	0.04
柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum	0.35	0.15	0.33	0.04	0.34	0.15	0.33	0.04
牛毛毡 Heleocharis yokoscensis	0.02	0.03	0	0	0	0.03	0.01	0.04
空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.05	0.09	0.06	0	0.03	0.10	0.03	0
猪毛草 Scirpus wallichii	0	0	0	0.03	0	0.04	0.01	0.05
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.08	0	0.04	0
白茅 Imperata cylindrica	0.05	0	0	0	0.04	0	0	0
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	0.04	0	0	0	0.04	0	0	0
细花莴苣 Lactuca graciliflora	0.04	0	0	0	0	0	0.05	0
宽叶香蒲 Typha latifolia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0
狭叶母草 Lindernia angustifolia	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0.03
宽叶母草 Lindernia nummularifolia	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.01
圆叶节节菜 Rotala rotundifolia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
白花蛇舌草 Hedyotis diffusa	0	0	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.02
积雪草 Centella asiatica	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrate	0	0	0.03	0	0.01	0	0	0.01
地耳草 Hypericum japonicum	0	0	0	0	0.02	0	0	0
破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	0	0	0	0.10	0	0	0	0.02
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.03	0
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	0	0.03	0	0	0	0	0.03	0
海金沙 Lygodium japomicum	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0

年 Year	处理 Treatment	物种数 Number of species	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	丰富度指数 Margalef index
2012	CK	9.00 ± 1.03^ab	1.90 ± 0.10^a	0.90 ± 0.05^b	0.83 ± 0.06^a
	RF	7.40 ± 0.51^b	1.83 ± 0.09^a	0.92 ± 0.03^ab	0.77 ± 0.07^a
	WB	9.40 ± 1.12^a	1.93 ± 0.10^a	0.97 ± 0.05^ab	1.03 ± 0.14^a
	RFWB	8.00 ± 0.45^ab	1.90 ± 0.04^a	1.04 ± 0.03^a	0.96 ± 0.05^a
2013	CK	9.60 ± 0.45^bc	1.96 ± 0.04^ab	0.85 ± 0.04^ab	1.06 ± 0.13^ab
	RF	7.60 ± 0.51^c	1.84 ± 0.07^b	0.91 ± 0.02^a	0.85 ± 0.07^b
	WB	12.60 ± 0.93^a	2.14 ± 0.11^a	0.77 ± 0.04^b	1.21 ± 0.11^a
	RFWB	11.00 ± 0.45^ab	2.16 ± 0.04^a	0.79 ± 0.03^b	1.08 ± 0.07^ab