植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 626-634.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058
田文文1,2,3,王卫1,3,陈安磊1,3,李裕元1,李雁勇1,2,3,谢小立1,3,*()
收稿日期:
2013-12-31
接受日期:
2014-03-03
出版日期:
2014-12-31
发布日期:
2014-06-10
通讯作者:
谢小立
基金资助:
TIAN Wen-Wen1,2,3,WANG Wei1,3,CHEN An-Lei1,3,LI Yu-Yuan1,LI Yan-Yong1,2,3,XIE Xiao-Li1,3,*()
Received:
2013-12-31
Accepted:
2014-03-03
Online:
2014-12-31
Published:
2014-06-10
Contact:
XIE Xiao-Li
摘要:
为了探明积水和冬季火烧对弃耕红壤稻田地表植被和土壤有机碳的影响, 该实验设置了对照(无人为干扰)、积水、冬季火烧和积水-冬季火烧4个不同处理, 采用样方法对样地植物的高度、密度、盖度及物种组成进行了调查。地上部分生物量采用收获法进行测定, 根系采用土柱法获取, 弃耕前后土壤有机碳含量的测定采用K2Cr2O7外加热法。结果表明: 1)积水和冬季火烧对红壤稻田弃耕早期物种组成、丰富度、均匀度及多样性具有重要的影响。双穗雀稗(Paspalum paspaloides)和水竹叶(Murdannia triquetra)是积水条件下的优势种, 而柔枝莠竹(Microstegium vimineum)是冬季火烧条件下的优势种, 大狼杷草(Bidens frondosa)是积水和冬季火烧条件下的共优种。2)分布在0-5 cm表层土壤中的根系占0-20 cm深度土壤中根系的66.50%-80.34%。样地在积水条件下, 2011-2013年0-20 cm深度的土壤根系生物量分别高出对照样地的49.84%、73.34%和28.94%。3)冬季火烧可以提高样地的物种多样性和增加地上部分生物量, 2011-2013年冬季火烧样地分别高出对照样地的25.74%、64.30%和50.24%。4)与稻田弃耕前土壤有机碳含量逐渐上升趋势相反, 稻田弃耕6年后, 对照、积水、冬季火烧和积水-冬季火烧样地中土壤有机碳含量分别降低11.16%、18.99%、9.17%和19.12%, 并且在积水条件下土壤有机碳含量降低更明显(p < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 红壤稻田弃耕后地表植被物种组成、地上和地下生物量、土壤有机碳含量与积水和冬季火烧关系密切(p < 0.05)。
田文文,王卫,陈安磊,李裕元,李雁勇,谢小立. 红壤稻田弃耕后植被和土壤有机碳对积水与火烧的早期响应. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(6): 626-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058
TIAN Wen-Wen,WANG Wei,CHEN An-Lei,LI Yu-Yuan,LI Yan-Yong,XIE Xiao-Li. Early responses of vegetation and soil organic carbon to waterlogging and winter wildfire on abandoned red paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(6): 626-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00058
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 积水 Waterlogging | 冬季火烧 Winter wildfire | 积水-冬季火烧 Combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 2012 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.64 |
2013 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.46 | |
积水 Waterlogging | 2012 | 0.88 | 0.78 | |
2013 | 0.62 | 0.60 | ||
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire | 2012 | 0.69 | ||
2013 | 0.52 |
表1 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田2012和2013年群落相似性指数
Table 1 Community similarity index under different treatments on abandoned red paddy soils in 2012 and 2013
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 积水 Waterlogging | 冬季火烧 Winter wildfire | 积水-冬季火烧 Combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 2012 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.64 |
2013 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.46 | |
积水 Waterlogging | 2012 | 0.88 | 0.78 | |
2013 | 0.62 | 0.60 | ||
冬季火烧 Winter wildfire | 2012 | 0.69 | ||
2013 | 0.52 |
物种 Species | IV (2012) | IV (2013) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | RF | WB | RFWB | CK | RF | WB | RFWB | ||
双穗雀稗 Paspalum paspaloides | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.14 | |
水竹叶 Murdannia triquetra | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.21 | |
大狼杷草 Bidens frondosa | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.13 | |
心叶荆芥 Nepeta fordii | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | |
辣蓼 Polygonum flaccidum | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | |
碎米莎草 Cyperus iria | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.04 | |
牛毛毡 Heleocharis yokoscensis | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |
空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0 | |
猪毛草 Scirpus wallichii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum | 0.07 | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | |
白茅 Imperata cylindrica | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
细花莴苣 Lactuca graciliflora | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | |
宽叶香蒲 Typha latifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | |
狭叶母草 Lindernia angustifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | |
宽叶母草 Lindernia nummularifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
圆叶节节菜 Rotala rotundifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
白花蛇舌草 Hedyotis diffusa | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | |
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | |
积雪草 Centella asiatica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrate | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
地耳草 Hypericum japonicum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | |
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | |
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | |
海金沙 Lygodium japomicum | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
表2 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田2012和2013年主要物种重要值(IV)
Table 2 Importance values (IV) of the major plant species under different treatments on abandoned red paddy soils in 2012 and 2013
物种 Species | IV (2012) | IV (2013) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | RF | WB | RFWB | CK | RF | WB | RFWB | ||
双穗雀稗 Paspalum paspaloides | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.14 | |
水竹叶 Murdannia triquetra | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.21 | |
大狼杷草 Bidens frondosa | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.13 | |
心叶荆芥 Nepeta fordii | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | |
辣蓼 Polygonum flaccidum | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | |
碎米莎草 Cyperus iria | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.04 | |
牛毛毡 Heleocharis yokoscensis | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |
空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0 | |
猪毛草 Scirpus wallichii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum | 0.07 | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | |
白茅 Imperata cylindrica | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
细花莴苣 Lactuca graciliflora | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | |
宽叶香蒲 Typha latifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | |
狭叶母草 Lindernia angustifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | |
宽叶母草 Lindernia nummularifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
圆叶节节菜 Rotala rotundifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
白花蛇舌草 Hedyotis diffusa | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | |
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | |
积雪草 Centella asiatica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
丁香蓼 Ludwigia prostrate | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
地耳草 Hypericum japonicum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | |
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | |
鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | |
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | |
海金沙 Lygodium japomicum | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
年 Year | 处理 Treatment | 物种数 Number of species | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 丰富度指数 Margalef index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | CK | 9.00 ± 1.03ab | 1.90 ± 0.10a | 0.90 ± 0.05b | 0.83 ± 0.06a |
RF | 7.40 ± 0.51b | 1.83 ± 0.09a | 0.92 ± 0.03ab | 0.77 ± 0.07a | |
WB | 9.40 ± 1.12a | 1.93 ± 0.10a | 0.97 ± 0.05ab | 1.03 ± 0.14a | |
RFWB | 8.00 ± 0.45ab | 1.90 ± 0.04a | 1.04 ± 0.03a | 0.96 ± 0.05a | |
2013 | CK | 9.60 ± 0.45bc | 1.96 ± 0.04ab | 0.85 ± 0.04ab | 1.06 ± 0.13ab |
RF | 7.60 ± 0.51c | 1.84 ± 0.07b | 0.91 ± 0.02a | 0.85 ± 0.07b | |
WB | 12.60 ± 0.93a | 2.14 ± 0.11a | 0.77 ± 0.04b | 1.21 ± 0.11a | |
RFWB | 11.00 ± 0.45ab | 2.16 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.03b | 1.08 ± 0.07ab |
表3 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田2012和2013年植物群落特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)
Table 3 Characteristics of plant communities on abandoned red paddy soils under different treatments in 2012 and 2013 (mean ± SE, n = 5)
年 Year | 处理 Treatment | 物种数 Number of species | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 丰富度指数 Margalef index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | CK | 9.00 ± 1.03ab | 1.90 ± 0.10a | 0.90 ± 0.05b | 0.83 ± 0.06a |
RF | 7.40 ± 0.51b | 1.83 ± 0.09a | 0.92 ± 0.03ab | 0.77 ± 0.07a | |
WB | 9.40 ± 1.12a | 1.93 ± 0.10a | 0.97 ± 0.05ab | 1.03 ± 0.14a | |
RFWB | 8.00 ± 0.45ab | 1.90 ± 0.04a | 1.04 ± 0.03a | 0.96 ± 0.05a | |
2013 | CK | 9.60 ± 0.45bc | 1.96 ± 0.04ab | 0.85 ± 0.04ab | 1.06 ± 0.13ab |
RF | 7.60 ± 0.51c | 1.84 ± 0.07b | 0.91 ± 0.02a | 0.85 ± 0.07b | |
WB | 12.60 ± 0.93a | 2.14 ± 0.11a | 0.77 ± 0.04b | 1.21 ± 0.11a | |
RFWB | 11.00 ± 0.45ab | 2.16 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.03b | 1.08 ± 0.07ab |
图1 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田地上部分生物量特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。CK, 对照; RF, 积水; RFWB, 积水-冬季火烧; WB, 冬季火烧。相同年份不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Characteristics of aboveground biomass on abandoned red paddy soils under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). CK, control; RF, waterlogging; RFWB, combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire; WB, winter wildfire. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in the same year (p < 0.05).
图2 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田根系生物量特征及其在0-5 cm、5-10 cm和10-20 cm不同深度土壤中的分配(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。图注同图1。
Fig. 2 Characteristics and allocation of root biomass in the soil layers of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm on abandoned red paddy soils under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). Notes are the same as in Fig. 1.
图3 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田地上部立枯植物和落叶层生物量特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。图注同图1。
Fig. 3 Characteristics of the biomass of standing litter and ground leaf litter on abandoned red paddy soils under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). Notes are the same as in Fig. 1.
图4 不同处理弃耕红壤稻田土壤有机碳特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。CK, 对照; RF, 积水; RFWB, 积水-冬季火烧; WB, 冬季火烧。
Fig. 4 Characteristics of soil organic carbon on abandoned red paddy soils under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). CK, control; RF, waterlogging; RFWB, combination of waterlogging and winter wildfire; WB, winter wildfire.
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