青藏高原海北高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水位降低和氮添加的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00057

植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 619-625.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00057 cstr: 32100.14.SP.J.1258.2014.00057

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：植物-土壤-微生物

青藏高原海北高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水位降低和氮添加的响应

汪浩^1,²,于凌飞³,陈立同¹,王超⁴,贺金生^1,^4,^*()

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原生物进化与适应重点实验室, 西宁 810008
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁴北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2014-01-20 接受日期:2014-04-10 出版日期:2014-01-20 发布日期:2014-06-10
基金资助:
中国科学院重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-JC404);国家自然科学基金(31270481)

Responses of soil respiration to reduced water table and nitrogen addition in an alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

WANG Hao^1,²,YU Ling-Fei³,CHEN Li-Tong¹,WANG Chao⁴,HE Jin-Sheng^1,^4,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁴Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2014-01-20 Accepted:2014-04-10 Online:2014-01-20 Published:2014-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近20年来, 青藏高原高寒湿地经历了明显的气候变化, 从而导致多数湿地水位下降和氮沉降的增加。对于湿地生态系统来说, 水位下降意味着土壤通气性能的改善, 可能会导致土壤呼吸的增加; 而氮沉降的增加可能会降低土壤微生物生物量和pH值, 从而可能抑制土壤呼吸。为此, 在青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站利用中宇宙(Mesocosm)实验方法, 探讨了青藏高原高寒泥炭型湿地土壤呼吸对水位降低和氮添加的响应。结果表明: (1)水位降低显著增强了土壤呼吸, 而氮添加对土壤呼吸的影响依赖于水位的变化: 对照水位下, 氮添加显著抑制土壤呼吸; 而水位降低时, 氮添加对土壤呼吸速率无显著影响。(2)土壤呼吸速率与地上生物量、枯落物累积量之间呈显著正相关关系, 而与根系生物量无显著相关关系。(3)水位降低显著提高了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性, 而氮添加对其无显著的影响。因此预测: 随着氮沉降的升高, 高寒泥炭湿地土壤CO₂的排放量将会减少; 然而随着暖干化背景下水位的降低, 青藏高原高寒湿地会排放更多的CO₂。

关键词: 高寒湿地, 氮添加, 青藏高原, 土壤呼吸, 水位降低

Abstract:

Aims Over the past 20 years, alpine wetlands have been subjected to a rapid change in climate, resulting in water table drawdown and increased nitrogen deposition. In wetland ecosystems, the water table drawdown can improve soil aeration, hence leading to a higher soil respiration rate; whereas an increased nitrogen deposition could reduce the microbial biomass and pH value, suppressing soil respiration. Understanding the responses of soil respiration to reduced water table and increased nitrogen deposition in alpine wetlands is thus critical to predicting the carbon cycle of wetland ecosystems and its feedbacks to ongoing climate changes. This study tests the effects of water table reduction and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in the Luanhaizi wetland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
Methods We imposed four treatments, including control (WT⁰N⁰), reduced water table (WT^-N⁰), nitrogen addition (WT⁰N⁺), and a combination of reduced water table and nitrogen addition (WT^-N⁺), on 20 peat monoliths collected from the Luanhaizi wetland at the Haibei station. Soil respiration was measured from late July through mid-September under all treatments.
Important findings A reduction in water table significantly increased the rate of soil respiration. In contrast, nitrogen addition suppressed soil respiration only when water table was not reduced. A positive correlation was found between the aboveground biomass and soil respiration, while no correlation was detected between root biomass and soil respiration. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was increased by reduced water table, but was not affected by nitrogen addition. Our results suggest that nitrogen deposition is likely to reduce soil CO₂ emission in alpine wetlands where water level remains high. However, future warmer and drier conditions could result in reduced water table, and consequently alpine wetlands would be predicted to release substantially more CO₂than previously estimated.

Key words: alpine wetland, nitrogen addition, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, soil respiration, water table lowering

汪浩,于凌飞,陈立同,王超,贺金生. 青藏高原海北高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水位降低和氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(6): 619-625. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00057

WANG Hao,YU Ling-Fei,CHEN Li-Tong,WANG Chao,HE Jin-Sheng. Responses of soil respiration to reduced water table and nitrogen addition in an alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(6): 619-625. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00057

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00057

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I6/619

图/表 5

图1 实验期间各处理水位深度(A)、5 cm深处土壤温度(B)和土壤呼吸速率(C)的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。●, 对照; ■, 水位降低; ▽, 氮添加; ◇, 水位降低与氮添加。

Fig. 1 Variations in water table depth (A), soil temperature at 5 cm depth (B), and soil respiration rate (C) under different treatments over the experimental period (mean ± SE, n = 5). ●, control; ■, reduced water table; ▽, nitrogen addition; ◇, combination of reduced water table and nitrogen addition.

表1 将氮添加(N+)、水位降低(WT-)作为主因素, 采样日期(D)作为处理内因素时, 土壤呼吸速率、5 cm深处的土壤温度和水位深度的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 1 Summary of repeated-measures ANOVAs for soil respiration rate (SR), soil temperature at 5 cm depth (T), and water table depth (WTD) by using nitrogen addition (N+) and reduced water table (WT-) as main factors, and measurement date (D) as a within-subject factor over the experimental period

	土壤呼吸速率SR		5 cm深处土壤温度 T		水位深度 WTD
	F	p	F	p	F	p
N⁺	0.91	0.36	0.08	0.78	1.05	0.32
WT^-	338.94	<0.001	6.64	0.02	1 183.00	<0.001
N⁺ × WT^-	6.24	0.02	2.02	0.17	0.46	0.51
D	37.26	<0.001	205.06	<0.001	24.94	<0.001
D × N⁺	0.68	0.67	0.42	0.74	3.06	0.05
D × WT^-	10.93	<0.001	2.08	0.11	22.59	<0.001
D × N⁺ × WT^-	2.37	0.05	0.99	0.41	1.80	0.18

图2 实验期间各处理对土壤呼吸速率的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。WT0 N0, 对照; WT- N0, 水位降低; WT0 N+, 氮添加; WT- N+, 水位降低与氮添加。不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of different treatments on soil respiration over the experimental period (mean ± SE, n = 5). WT0 N0, control; WT- N0, reduced water table; WT0 N+, nitrogen addition; WT- N+, combination of reduced water table and nitrogen addition. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

表2 土壤呼吸速率(SR)和5 cm深处的土壤温度(T)的指数回归函数拟合结果以及土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)

Table 2 The fittings of exponential regression functions between soil respiration rate (SR) and soil temperature at 5 cm depth (T) and the values of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10)

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	p	Q₁₀
WT⁰N⁰	SR = 0.882e^0.026^T	0.209	0.006	1.30^c
WT⁰N⁺	SR = 0.421e^0.064^T	0.492	<0.001	1.90^bc
WT^-N⁰	SR = 1.113e^0.107^T	0.474	<0.001	2.92^a
WT^-N⁺	SR = 1.664e^0.089^T	0.416	<0.001	2.44^ab

图3 各处理土壤呼吸速率与生物量、枯落物累积量之间的关系。A, 地上生物量。B, 枯落物累积量。C, 0-10 cm土层根系生物量。D, 0-20 cm土层根系生物量。Pearson相关分析显著时显示相关系数。*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Relationships of soil respiration rate with biomass and litter accumulation under different treatments. A, Aboveground biomass. B, Litter accumulation. C, Root biomass in 0-10 cm soil layer. D, Root biomass in 0-20 cm soil layer. WT0 N0, control; WT- N0, reduced water table; WT0 N+, nitrogen addition; WT- N+, combination of reduced water table and nitrogen addition. The Pearson correlation coefficient is shown if significant. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.

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青藏高原海北高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水位降低和氮添加的响应

Responses of soil respiration to reduced water table and nitrogen addition in an alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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