丛枝菌根化翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微环境

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以我国二级濒危保护植物翅果油(Elaeagnus mollis)为供试植物, 通过温室盆栽试验, 研究接种丛枝菌根真菌对翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微生态环境的影响。试验设计分4个组: 摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)单独接种组(GM)、脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicata)单独接种组(AD)、混合接种组(GM + AD)、不接种的对照组(CK)。测定了菌根侵染率、生物量、根际微生物数量、土壤pH值、土壤酶活性及其对N、P营养的影响等指标。结果显示: 菌根真菌对3个接种组均有侵染, 其中, GM + AD的侵染率最大(90.5%), 生态学效应最好; 与对照组相比, 接种组的生物量均明显提高(p < 0.05), 其中GM + AD组生物量显著增加, 是CK组的2.2倍; AM菌根对根部微生物种群数量产生一定的影响, 主要是使根面上的细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量显著增加(p < 0.05); AM菌根使根际pH值降低, 与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关关系(p < 0.05); 接种组根际土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性增加, 根际土壤的磷酸酶、蛋白酶的活性增加量与菌根侵染率呈极显著相关关系(p < 0.01); 接种组的根际土壤中, 可直接被植物吸收利用的N、P元素出现富集现象, 与菌根侵染率呈显著相关关系(p < 0.05)。研究表明: 丛枝菌根的形成改善了翅果油树幼苗的微生态环境, 提高了根际土壤肥力。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 翅果油树, 根际土壤, 土壤酶活性, 酸碱度, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Aim Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were inoculated into the seedlings of Elaeagnus mollis, an endangered plant in China. Our objectives were to study the impact of AM fungi inoculation on the soil micro-area in the rhizosphere of E. mollis seedlings using a greenhouse pot experiment.

Methods The experimental design included separate inoculation (Glomus mosseae = GM or Acaulospora delicata = AD) and mixed inoculation (GM + AD); control groups were not inoculated. We determined the infection rate of AM fungi, biomass, infection rate of mycorrhizae, number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere, soil pH, soil enzyme activity, N and P nutrients in the rhizosphere, etc.

Important findings AM fungi infected the three inoculated groups, among which the infection rate of GM + AD was the greatest, up to 90.5%. Compared with the control group, the biomass of inoculated groups improved markedly (p < 0.05) and the biomass of the GM + AD group was 2.2 times that of the CK group. AM mycorrhizae impacted microbial populations on the roots; the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the root surface increased significantly (p < 0.05). The AM mycorrhizae made the pH in the rhizosphere decrease, and this was significantly negatively correlated with the infection rate (p < 0.05). The activity of soil phosphatase, urease and protease in the rhizosphere of inoculated groups increased. Moreover, the increase of their activity was significantly correlated with mycorrhizal infection rate (p < 0.01). The phenomenon that the N and P elements directly absorbed by plants enriched the rhizosphere soil of inoculated groups was significantly correlated with the mycorrhizal infection rate (p < 0.05). AM formation improved the micro-ecological environment of E. mollis seedlings and increased soil fertility in the rhizosphere.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Elaeagnus mollis, rhizospheric soil, soil enzyme activity, pH, soil nutrient

袁丽环, 闫桂琴. 丛枝菌根化翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微环境. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(6): 678-686. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.06.007

YUAN Li-Huan, YAN Gui-Qin. Rhizospheric soil of seedlings of Elaeagnus mollis colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(6): 678-686. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.06.007

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I6/678

图/表 6

表1 丛枝菌根对翅果油树幼苗生长的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 10)

Table 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the seedling growth of Elaeagnus mollis (mean ± SE, n = 10)

处理 Treatment	苗高 Height of seedlings (cm)	地径 Diameter at ground (cm)	生物量 Biomass				菌根侵染率 Colonization rate (%)
处理 Treatment	苗高 Height of seedlings (cm)	地径 Diameter at ground (cm)	根干重 Dry weight of roots (g)	茎干重 Dry weight of stems (g)	叶干重 Dry weight of leaves (g)	全株干重 Whole plant dry weight (g)	菌根侵染率 Colonization rate (%)
GM	14.85 ± 1.82^a	0.26 ± 0.04^b	1.08 ± 0.08^a	1.02 ± 0.09^a	1.04 ± 0.08^a	3.14 ± 0.75^b	72.5 ± 7.28^b
AD	14.73 ± 1.89^a	0.25 ± 0.02^b	0.72 ± 0.09^b	0.67 ± 0.07^b	0.70 ± 0.07^b	2.09 ± 0.84^c	42.4 ± 4.41^c
GM + AD	15.01 ± 1.54^a	0.29 ± 0.03^a	1.20 ± 0.08^a	1.11 ± 0.06^a	1.07 ± 0.09^a	3.38 ± 0.96^a	90.5 ± 9.25^a
CK	13.17 ± 1.85^b	0.18 ± 0.02^c	0.48 ± 0.07^c	0.58 ± 0.04^c	0.49 ± 0.05^c	1.55 ± 0.63^d	0

图1 翅果油树接种丛枝菌根真菌后土壤微生物数量的变化(微生物数量单位: × 106·g-1) (n = 10)。 AD、CK、GM和GM + AD同表1。

Fig. 1 Effects of Elaeagnus mollis inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil microbial quantity (microbe quantity unit: ×106·g-1) (n = 10). AD, CK, GM and GM + AD see Table 1.

图2 不同处理的翅果油树苗木根部pH值比较(n = 10)。 AD、CK、GM和GM + AD同表1。

Fig. 2 Comparison of pH in the roots of different treated Elaeagnus mollis seedings (n = 10). AD, CK, GM and GM + AD see Table 1.

表2 翅果油树接种丛枝菌根真菌后根际土壤酶活性的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 10)

Table 2 Effects of Elaeagnus mollis inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere (mean ± SE, n = 10)

处理Treatment	磷酸酶 Phosphatase (Phenol mg·g^-1·d^-1)				蛋白酶 Protease (NH₂-N mg·g^-1·d^-1)	脲酶 Urease (NH₃-N mg·g^-1·d^-1)
处理Treatment	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	中性磷酸酶 Neutral phosphatase	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	磷酸酶总量 Total phosphatase	蛋白酶 Protease (NH₂-N mg·g^-1·d^-1)	脲酶 Urease (NH₃-N mg·g^-1·d^-1)
GM	2.018^a	1.487^b	0.445^b	3.950^a	0.814 5^ab	1.252^a
AD	1.998^ab	1.201^b	0.431^b	3.630^b	0.756 1^b	0.854^b
GM + AD	2.019^a	1.521^b	0.554^a	4.094^a	1.002 8^a	1.326^a
CK	1.667^b	1.141^b	0.235^c	3.043^b	0.605 8^b	0.523^c

图3 翅果油树根部土壤全氮和水解氮比较(n = 10)。 AD、CK、GM、GM + AD, 同表1。

Fig. 3 Compaison of soil total N and hydrolysable N in the Elaeagnus mollis roots (n = 10). AD, CK, GM, GM + AD, see Table 1.

图4 翅果油树根部土壤全磷和速效磷比较(平均值±标准误差, n = 10)。 AD、CK、GM、GM + AD, 同表1。

Fig. 4 Comparison of soil total P and available P in Elaeagnus mollis roots (mean ± SE, n = 10). AD, CK, GM, GM + AD, see Table 1.

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