挺水和湿生草本植物传输甲烷的过程与机制研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲烷(CH₄)是一种重要的温室气体, 参与大气光化学反应。水生与湿生环境是大气CH₄的重要来源。挺水和湿生草本植物是CH₄释放的重要通道, 研究植物如何传输CH₄具有重要的意义。在植物传输CH₄的过程中, 根系尤其是侧根根尖区起到了关键调控作用; 通气组织内部的隔膜与根茎连接部位也是调控CH₄传输的重要界面。在早期的研究中, 关于茎叶排放CH₄主要通过气孔还是微孔(位于地上部除叶片以外的细小的裂隙与孔洞)这一问题存有争议, 但是微孔的主导传输作用逐渐被后期的研究证实。枯死与损伤的茎干通常促进CH₄传输排放。扩散与对流是植物传输CH₄的两种主要机制, 对流的传输效率高于扩散。生物因素(生物量与光合作用等)与环境因子(光照与温、湿度等)共同调控着植物传输CH₄。目前针对植物传输CH₄的过程与机制已有较系统的认识, 但需要深入研究下列问题: (1)植物传输CH₄的系列关键界面中, 各个界面的传输效率如何? 哪个界面对整体传输起决定性作用? (2)扩散与对流分别对各界面交换与整体长距离传输的内在调控作用。(3)各生物与非生物影响因子间的耦合作用机制。(4)物种间CH₄传输机制与效率的异同。

关键词: 甲烷传输, 通气组织, 对流, 水生植物, 湿地植物, 温室气体

Abstract:

Methane (CH₄) is an important greenhouse gas, and is involved in atmospheric chemical reactions. Aquatic and hydric environments are important sources of atmospheric CH₄. Majority of CH₄are transported and released to atmosphere by emerged herbaceous plants and hygrophytes in aquatic and hydric environments. In recent decades, there has been increasing attention on how plants transport CH₄. During CH₄ transportation processes, several interfaces of CH₄ exchange play important roles. First, the tips of lateral roots are primary locations (hotspots) for CH₄ entering the root systems and regulate the gross CH₄ transportation. Then, the diaphragms in the aerenchyma and the root collar impose great resistances for the overall CH₄ transportation processes. In early studies, it was controversial that whether CH₄ emission from plants to atmosphere was controlled by stomas or micropores (small cracks and holes in aboveground part of plant except the blade). Recent studies have confirmed the dominant role of micropores for CH₄ transportation and emission. The dead and damaged stems are widely considered to have positive effects on CH₄ transportation. Diffusion and convection are the two main transporting mechanisms of CH₄, with the efficiency of convection being generally higher than that of diffusion. Both biological (e.g. biomass and photosynthesis) and environmental (e.g. light, temperature and humidity) factors regulate the CH₄ transportation. Many studies have contributed to understanding the CH₄ transportation processes and mechanisms by emerged herbaceous plants and hygrophytes. However, there are still some questions needing further investigations. Issues of consideration may include the operational efficiency in the critical interfaces of CH₄ exchange, the plant parts that play a decisive role in the entire CH₄transportation, the underlying roles of diffusion and convection on CH₄ interfaces exchanges and entire long distance transports, the combined and coupling effects and mechanisms of biotic and abiotic factors, and the similarities and differences of CH₄ transporting processes and mechanisms among plant species.

Key words: Methane transportation, aerenchyma, convection, aquatic plants, wetland plants, greenhouse gases

窦渤凯, 王义东, 薛冬梅, 王中良. 挺水和湿生草本植物传输甲烷的过程与机制研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(11): 1208-1218. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0084

Bo-Kai DOU, Yi-Dong WANG, Dong-Mei XUE, Zhong-Liang WANG. Research advancement in the processes and mechanisms of transporting methane by emerged herbaceous plants and hygrophytes. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1208-1218. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0084

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