氮磷添加对昆仑山北坡高山草地N2O排放的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0267

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 165-173.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0267

所属专题：生态系统碳水能量通量；微生物生态学

氮磷添加对昆仑山北坡高山草地N₂O排放的影响

曹登超^1,^2,^3,⁴,高霄鹏^1,^2,^3,^*(),李磊^1,^2,³,桂东伟^1,^2,³,曾凡江^1,^2,³,匡文浓^1,^2,^3,⁴,尹明远^1,^2,^3,⁴,李言言^1,^2,^3,⁴,艾力•甫拉提⁵

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2 新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 新疆策勒 848300
3 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
4 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
5 新疆策勒县草原工作站, 新疆策勒 848300

收稿日期:2018-10-30 接受日期:2019-02-01 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-06-04
通讯作者: 高霄鹏
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31570002);国家自然科学基金(31870499)

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emissions from alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains, China

CAO Deng-Chao^1,^2,^3,⁴,GAO Xiao-Peng^1,^2,^3,^*(),LI Lei^1,^2,³,GUI Dong-Wei^1,^2,³,ZENG Fan-Jiang^1,^2,³,KUANG Wen-Nong^1,^2,^3,⁴,YIN Ming-Yuan^1,^2,^3,⁴,LI Yan-Yan^1,^2,^3,⁴,Aili PULATI⁵

1 Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
2 Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang 848300, China
3 Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bio-resource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5 Cele Grassland Management Station in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang 848300, China

Received:2018-10-30 Accepted:2019-02-01 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-06-04
Contact: GAO Xiao-Peng
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570002);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870499)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮(N)、磷(P)等养分添加是提高草地生态系统生产力的重要策略, 但其对土壤氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的影响尚不明确。该研究以南疆昆仑山北坡高山草地为研究对象, 设置氮添加、磷添加、氮磷交互以及不施肥(CK) 4个处理, 采用静态箱-气象色谱法连续监测2017年生长季草地的N₂O排放, 研究不同氮、磷添加处理下的N₂O排放特征, 并利用Pearson相关分析对影响N₂O排放的主要环境因子进行定性识别及定量解析。结果表明: 氮添加处理与氮磷交互处理在施肥后约3周引起显著的N₂O排放峰, 分别为42.3和15.4 g N·hm ^-2·d ^-1。与其他处理相比, 氮添加处理生长季N₂O排放通量显著增加了1.8-3.2倍, 而磷添加以及氮磷交互处理与CK之间没有显著差异。Pearson相关分析结果表明: N₂O排放与微生物生物量碳呈负相关关系, 与溶解性有机碳含量、pH值呈正相关关系, 而与其他环境因子关系不显著。以上结果表明, 与单施氮肥相比, 在该地区草场采用氮磷混施可显著减少N₂O的排放。

关键词: 高山草地, 氮磷添加, 氧化亚氮, 昆仑山, 通量特征

Abstract: Aims

Nutrient additions such as nitrogen and phosphorus are important strategies to improve the productivity of the grassland ecosystem. However, their effect on soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions remains unclear.

Methods

A field study was conducted in an alpine grassland located in the north slope of Kunlun Mountains in Southern Xinjiang. Four treatments included nitrogen addition alone (N), phosphorus addition alone (P), mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus additions (N + P) and an unfertilized control (CK). Gas samples were collected and analyzed using the static chamber chromatography methodology during the 2017 growing season. Treatment effects on the characteristics of N₂O emissions from grassland soil were thoroughly investigated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify and quantify the influence of environmental variables on soil N₂O emissions.

Important findings

The results showed that N and (N + P) treatments induced N₂O flux peaks after three weeks of fertilizer addition, with the maximum daily N₂O flux rates of 42.3 and 15.4 g N·hm ^-2·d ^-1, respectively. The N treatment significantly increased growing season cumulative N₂O emissions by 1.8 to 3.2 times compared to P treatment, (N + P) treatment and CK, and there were no significant differences between the three treatments. Pearson correlation analysis showed that daily N₂O flux rate was correlated negatively with soil microbial biomass carbon, and positively with soil pH and dissolved organic carbon. There was no significant correlation between daily N₂O flux rate and other environmental variables. These results suggest that simultaneous addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients can significantly reduce soil N₂O emission compared to N treatment for the alpine grassland in this region.

Key words: alpine grassland, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, N₂O, Kunlun Mountains, flux characteristic

曹登超, 高霄鹏, 李磊, 桂东伟, 曾凡江, 匡文浓, 尹明远, 李言言, 艾力•甫拉提. 氮磷添加对昆仑山北坡高山草地N₂O排放的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(2): 165-173. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0267

CAO Deng-Chao, GAO Xiao-Peng, LI Lei, GUI Dong-Wei, ZENG Fan-Jiang, KUANG Wen-Nong, YIN Ming-Yuan, LI Yan-Yan, Aili PULATI. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emissions from alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(2): 165-173. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0267

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0267

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I2/165

图/表 8

图1 试验期间降水量、20 cm深度土壤孔隙含水率(WFPS)、日平均气温(Ta)和20 cm深度土壤温度(Ts)的变化。

Fig. 1 Daily precipitation, soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) at 20 cm depth, daily air temperature (Ta) and soil temperature (Ts) at 20 cm depth during the experimental period.

图2 不同氮磷添加处理下草地土壤N2O排放速率的动态变化(平均值±标准误差)。箭头表示氮磷添加日期。*表示处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; N + P, 氮磷混施; P, 磷添加。

Fig. 2 Dynamic variation of daily N2O flux rate from grassland soil under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments (mean ± SE). Arrow indicates date of nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments. * indicates significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; N + P, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition.

表1 不同氮磷添加处理下昆仑山北坡高山草地土壤N2O累积排放量(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Cumulative N2O emissions of grassland soil under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains, China (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	N₂O排放通量 N₂O emission (kg N·hm^-2)	p
对照 CK	0.50 ± 0.05^B
氮添加 nitrogen addition	1.45 ± 0.06^A	0.002
磷添加 phosphorus addition	0.35 ± 0.02^B	0.025
氮磷混施 nitrogen + phosphorus addition	0.52 ± 0.05^B	0.226

图3 不同氮磷添加处理下昆仑山北坡高山草地土壤溶解性有机碳含量和pH的动态变化(平均值±标准误差)。*表示处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; N + P, 氮磷混施; P, 磷添加。

Fig. 3 Dynamic variation of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and pH under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains (mean ± SE). * indicates significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; N + P, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition.

图4 不同氮磷添加处理下昆仑山北坡高山草地土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和速效P含量的动态变化(平均值±标准误差)。 *表示处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; N + P, 氮磷混施; P, 磷添加。

Fig. 4 Dynamic variation of soil NH4+-N, NO3--N and available P content under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains (mean ± SE). * indicates significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; N + P, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition.

图5 不同氮磷添加处理下昆仑山北坡高山草地土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量的动态变化(平均值±标准误差)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; N+P, 氮磷混施; P, 磷添加。

Fig. 5 Dynamic variation of soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and carbon (MBC) content under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains, China(mean ± SE). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; N + P, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition.

表2 不同氮磷添加处理下昆仑山北坡高山草地的植物地上部生物量(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Plant above-ground biomass under different nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass (g·m^-2)	p
对照 CK	192.78 ± 27.03^A
氮添加 nitrogen addition	192.13 ± 34.07^A	0.96
磷添加 phosphorus addition	176.02 ± 30.45^A	0.62
氮磷交互 nitrogen + phosphorus addition	178.57 ± 28.38^A	0.96

表3 昆仑山北坡高山草地N2O排放与环境变量的相关性和决定系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients of daily N2O flux rate with environmental variables in alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains

硝态氮 NO₃^--N	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	速效磷 AP	pH	可溶性有机碳 DOC	微生物生物量碳 MBC	微生物生物量氮 MBN	土壤孔隙含水率 WFPS	气温 Air temperature	土壤温度 Soil temperature
-0.17	-0.08	-0.11	0.53^**	0.67^**	-0.30^*	-0.17	-0.16	-0.19	0.05

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氮磷添加对昆仑山北坡高山草地N₂O排放的影响

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emissions from alpine grassland in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains, China

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