冻融循环期间土壤氧化亚氮排放影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0040

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 1006-1023.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0040

冻融循环期间土壤氧化亚氮排放影响因素

高德才, 白娥()

长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室, 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024

收稿日期:2021-01-29 接受日期:2021-05-09 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-11-18
通讯作者: 白娥
作者简介:*(baie612@nenu.edu.cn)
ORCID: 高德才: 0000-0003-0545-4020
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2019YFA0607301);国家自然科学基金(31901157);国家自然科学基金(41971058);中国博士后科学基金(2020T130088);吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202101ZYTS104);吉林省自然科学基金(20180520087JH)

Influencing factors of soil nitrous oxide emission during freeze-thaw cycles

GAO De-Cai, BAI E()

Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China

Received:2021-01-29 Accepted:2021-05-09 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-11-18
Contact: BAI E
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607301);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901157);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971058);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130088);Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China(YDZJ202101ZYTS104);Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China(20180520087JH)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变化可能会提高冻融循环时间、强度以及频率, 从而可能显著影响土壤氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放。N₂O是一种重要的温室气体, 但目前对冻融循环期间土壤N₂O排放规律以及影响因素的了解还有限。为此, 该研究采用整合分析方法, 从已发表文献中收集了30篇关于冻融循环对土壤N₂O通量和累积排放量影响的文献, 探究冻融循环在不同生态系统对N₂O排放的影响, 从试验设置、土壤基本理化性质以及冻融循环格局等角度全面综合地探究其排放影响因素。该研究得出, 冻融循环能显著增加N₂O通量、N₂O累积排放量和硝化作用速率, 全球平均增幅分别为72.34%、143.25%和124.63%; 冻融循环也可增加反硝化作用速率, 全球平均增幅为162.56%; 与之相反, 冻融循环显著减少微生物生物量氮含量, 全球平均减幅为6.39%。不同生态系统土壤水热条件和基本理化性质差异可显著影响冻融循环对N₂O排放的影响。当年平均气温超过5 ℃时, 冻融循环作用可显著提高N₂O通量104.13%, 显著高于年平均气温为0-5 ℃ (25.56%)和小于0 ℃ (55.29%)时; 土壤湿度大于70%时, N₂O通量增加109.17%, 显著高于土壤湿度为50%-70% (65.67%)和小于50% (20.37%)时的通量。土壤黏粒和养分含量越高的土壤区域, 冻融循环对N₂O排放的提高幅度越大。在有植物存在时, 冻融循环可显著提高土壤N₂O通量达91.21%, 高于无植物存在时的54.43%。土壤过筛和在冻融循环期间采集土壤都会增加冻融循环对N₂O排放的影响。另外, 融化时间长, 冻结强度大和冻融循环频率高均可显著提高土壤N₂O累积排放量对冻融循环的响应。当冻结温度低于-10 ℃时, 冻融循环对土壤N₂O排放通量的增幅可达100.73%, 显著高于在冻结温度为-10- -5 ℃ (47.74%)和高于-5 ℃ (70.25%)时。主要原因是冻结强度高可促进土壤微生物和土壤结构释放更多的养分, 从而提高N₂O的产生和排放。该研究结果有助于更好地理解土壤N₂O对冻融循环的响应及其影响因素, 为更准确地预测未来全球气候变化对N₂O排放影响提供科学数据支撑。

关键词: 冻融, 氧化亚氮(N₂O), 微生物生物量, 全球气候变化, 反硝化作用

Abstract:

Aims Enhanced duration, intensity, and frequency of freeze-thaw cycles owing to global climate change may significantly affect soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. N₂O is an important greenhouse gas, but our current understanding of soil N₂O emission and its influencing factors during freeze-thaw cycles is still limited.

Methods Here, we adopted the meta-analysis method and collected 30 articles on the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil N₂O flux and cumulative emission from peer-reviewed journal articles. Our objectives were to explore the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on N₂O emissions in different ecosystems and to comprehensively explore the influencing factors from the perspectives of experimental settings, soil physical and chemical properties, and the patterns of freeze-thaw cycles.

Important findings Results showed that freeze-thaw cycles significantly increased N₂O instantaneous emission, cumulative emission, and nitrification by 72.34%, 143.25%, and 124.63%, respectively. Freeze-thaw cycles also increased denitrification by 162.56%. Conversely, freeze-thaw cycles significantly decreased microbial biomass nitrogen by 6.39%. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on N₂O emission was significantly affected by the variations in soil microclimate and soil physical and chemical properties in different ecosystems. When the mean annual temperature (MAT) of a site exceeded 5 °C, freeze-thaw cycles could significantly enhance the N₂O flux by 104.13%, which was significantly higher than that the effect at sites with MAT between 0-5 °C (25.56%) or less than 0 °C (55.29%). When soil moisture was greater than 70%, the increase of soil N₂O flux caused by freeze-thaw cycles was 109.17%, which was significantly higher than that when soil moisture was between 50%-70% (65.67%) or less than 50% (20.37%). The higher soil clay and nutrient contents were, the greater the increase in N₂O emission caused by freeze-thaw cycles became. Freeze-thaw cycles could significantly increase soil N₂O flux by 91.21% in the presence of plants, which was higher than the effect in the absence of plants (54.43%). The impact of freeze-thaw cycles on N₂O emission could be enhanced by soil sieving. In addition, soils sampled during the freeze-thaw cycling period showed more responses to freeze-thaw cycles than soils sampled during other times. The response of cumulative N₂O emissions to freeze-thaw cycles was significantly improved by longer duration of thawing, higher intensity of freezing, and higher frequency of freeze-thaw cycles. When the freezing temperature was lower than -10 °C, freeze-thaw cycles could enhance soil N₂O flux by 100.73%, which was significantly higher than the effect when the freezing temperature was between -10- -5 °C (47.74%) or more than -5 °C (70.25%). The main reason was that higher intensity of freezing could promote the release of more nutrients from soil microorganisms and soil structure, thereby increasing the production and emission of N₂O. Overall, these results can help better understand the response of soil N₂O to freeze-thaw cycles and its influencing factors, and provide scientific data for accurately predicting the impact of global climate change on N₂O emission in the future.

Key words: freeze-thaw, nitrous oxide (N₂O), microbial biomass, global climate change, denitrification

高德才, 白娥. 冻融循环期间土壤氧化亚氮排放影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(9): 1006-1023. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0040

GAO De-Cai, BAI E. Influencing factors of soil nitrous oxide emission during freeze-thaw cycles. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(9): 1006-1023. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0040

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0040

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I9/1006

图/表 8

图1 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量、N2O累积排放量、微生物生物量氮含量、硝化和反硝化作用速率的影响。误差棒表示95%置信区间, 误差棒后面数值代表变量观察数。虚线表示效应值为0。

Fig. 1 Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux, cumulative N2O emissions, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content, nitrification, and denitrification rates. Error bars stand for 95% confidence intervals. Values next to the error bars represent the number of observations of the variable. Dashed line indicates that there is no effect.

表1 整合分析文章的试验设置

Table 1 Experimental settings in the studies used in this meta-analysis

图2 本研究所选冻融循环试验在全球的分布图。•, 样点。

Fig. 2 The distribution of the freeze-thaw cycles experiments selected in this meta-analysis in the world. •, site.

图3 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量和N2O累积排放量的影响。这些变量被分成不同组, 包括年平均气温、试验方法、生态系统类型、土壤处理、植物的存在、采土时期、冻结温度以及土壤湿度。误差棒表示95%置信区间, 误差棒后面数值代表变量观察数。虚线表示效应值为0。

Fig. 3 Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux and cumulative N2O emissions. The variables are categorized into different groups according to mean annual temperature, experimental method, ecosystem type, soil treatment, presence of plant, period of sampling soil, temperature of freezing, and soil moisture. Error bars stand for 95% confidence intervals. The values next to the error bars represent the number of observations of the variable. Dashed line indicates that there is no effect. FT represents the freeze-thaw period.

图4 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量的效应值(ln R (N2O flux))与年降水量(MAP)(A)和年平均气温(MAT)(B)之间的相关关系。

Fig. 4 Relationships between the effect size of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (ln R (N2O flux)) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)(A) and mean annual temperature (MAT)(B).

图5 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量的效应值(ln R (N2O flux))与土壤基本理化性质之间的相关关系。本图只列出有显著相关关系的理化性质, 没有相关关系的见附件I。

Fig. 5 Relationships between the effect size of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (ln R (N2O flux)) and basic physical and chemical characteristics of soils. Those with significant relationships were shown in this figure, but those with non-significant relationships were shown in Appendix I.

图6 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量的效应值(ln R (N2O flux))与冻融循环对反硝化作用速率的效应值(ln R (Denitrification))(A)和冻融循环对硝化作用速率的效应值(ln R (Nitrification))(B)之间相关关系。

Fig. 6 Relationships between the effect size of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (ln R (N2O flux)) and the effect size of freeze-thaw cycle on denitrification rate (ln R (Denitrification))(A) and the effect size of freeze-thaw cycles on nitrification rate (ln R (Nitrification))(B).

图7 冻融循环对土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)通量的效应值(ln R (N2O flux))(A, B, C)和N2O累积排放量的效应值(ln R (Cumulative N2O emissions))(D, E, F)与冻融循环时间、温度以及频率之间的相关性。本图只列出有显著相关关系的理化性质, 没有相关关系的见附件II。

Fig. 7 Relationships between the effect size of freeze-thaw cycles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (ln R (N2O flux))(A, B, C) and cumulative N2O emissions (ln R (Cumulative N2O emissions))(D, E, F) and the duration, temperature, and frequency of freeze-thaw cycles. Those with significant relationships were shown in this figure, but those with non-significant relationships were shown in Appendix II.

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冻融循环期间土壤氧化亚氮排放影响因素

Influencing factors of soil nitrous oxide emission during freeze-thaw cycles

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