植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 105-115.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0164
王冠钦1,2,李飞1,2,彭云峰1,陈永亮1,韩天丰1,杨贵彪1,2,刘莉1,2,周国英3,杨元合1,2,*()
出版日期:
2018-01-20
发布日期:
2018-01-18
通讯作者:
杨元合
基金资助:
WANG Guan-Qin1,2,LI Fei1,2,PENG Yun-Feng1,CHEN Yong-Liang1,HAN Tian-Feng1,YANG Gui-Biao1,2,LIU Li1,2,ZHOU Guo-Ying3,YANG Yuan-He1,2,*()
Online:
2018-01-20
Published:
2018-01-18
Contact:
Yuan-He YANG
Supported by:
摘要:
土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)排放是大气N2O不可忽视的来源。然而, 目前学术界在气候变暖对土壤N2O排放影响方面的认识仍存在较大争议, 且调控土壤N2O排放的微生物机制尚不明确。为此, 该研究以青藏高原高寒草原生态系统为研究对象, 使用透明开顶箱(OTCs)模拟气候变暖, 并基于静态箱法测定了2014和2015年生长季(5-10月)的土壤N2O通量, 同时利用定量PCR技术测定了表层(0-10 cm)土壤中氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的基因丰度。结果显示: 增温处理导致2014和2015年生长季表层(0-10 cm)土壤温度分别升高了1.7 ℃和1.6 ℃, 土壤体积含水量下降了2.5%和3.3%, 其他的土壤理化性质没有发生显著变化。土壤N2O通量呈现年际差异, 2014和2015年生长季的平均值分别为3.23和1.47 μg·m -2·h -1, 然而, 增温处理并没有显著改变土壤N2O通量。2014年生长季主导硝化作用的AOA和AOB的基因丰度分别为5.0 × 10 7和4.7 × 10 5拷贝·g -1, 2015年为15.2 × 10 7和10.0 × 10 5拷贝·g -1。尽管基因丰度存在显著的年际差异, 但在两年中与对照相比并未发生显著变化。在生长季尺度上, 增温导致的土壤N2O变化量与其引起的土壤水分变化量之间显著正相关, 而与土壤温度的变化量之间没有显著相关关系。以上结果表明, 增温导致的土壤干旱会抑制土壤N2O通量对增温的响应, 意味着未来评估气候变暖情景下土壤N2O排放量时需考虑增温引发的土壤干旱等间接效应。
王冠钦, 李飞, 彭云峰, 陈永亮, 韩天丰, 杨贵彪, 刘莉, 周国英, 杨元合. 土壤含水量调控高寒草原生态系统N2O排放对增温的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(1): 105-115. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0164
WANG Guan-Qin, LI Fei, PENG Yun-Feng, CHEN Yong-Liang, HAN Tian-Feng, YANG Gui-Biao, LIU Li, ZHOU Guo-Ying, YANG Yuan-He. Responses of soil N2O emissions to experimental warming regulated by soil moisture in an alpine steppe. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(1): 105-115. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0164
图1 高寒草原样地及增温控制实验平台照片。A, 样地照片。B, 开顶箱增温装置。
Fig. 1 Photos of the study site and warming experiment. A, Photo of the study site. B, Open-top chamber (OTC) warming facility.
图2 实验期间增温对0-10 cm土壤温度(A)和土壤含水率(B)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。
Fig. 2 Warming effects on soil temperature (A) and soil moisture (B) at 0-10 cm depth during 2014-2015 (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 氨态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3- -N (mg·kg-1) | 土壤无机氮 SIN (mg·kg-1) | 微生物生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg-1) | 微生物生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 对照 Control | 1.8 ± 0.38 | 25.0 ± 1.6 | 26.8 ± 1.7 | 890.4 ± 23.7 | 91.6 ± 4.0 |
增温 Warming | 3.0 ± 0.60* | 23.5 ± 1.3 | 26.5 ± 1.5 | 801.9 ± 40.8* | 68.2 ± 5.8** | |
2015 | 对照 Control | 2.2 ± 0.25 | 5.96 ± 0.4 | 8.20 ± 0.5 | 732.6 ± 11.3 | 42.2 ± 1.5 |
增温 Warming | 3.0 ± 0.19* | 4.04 ± 0.4** | 7.02 ± 0.3* | 720.1 ± 18.6 | 41.3 ± 2.4 |
Table 1 Warming effects on soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass (mean ± SE)
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 氨态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3- -N (mg·kg-1) | 土壤无机氮 SIN (mg·kg-1) | 微生物生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg-1) | 微生物生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 对照 Control | 1.8 ± 0.38 | 25.0 ± 1.6 | 26.8 ± 1.7 | 890.4 ± 23.7 | 91.6 ± 4.0 |
增温 Warming | 3.0 ± 0.60* | 23.5 ± 1.3 | 26.5 ± 1.5 | 801.9 ± 40.8* | 68.2 ± 5.8** | |
2015 | 对照 Control | 2.2 ± 0.25 | 5.96 ± 0.4 | 8.20 ± 0.5 | 732.6 ± 11.3 | 42.2 ± 1.5 |
增温 Warming | 3.0 ± 0.19* | 4.04 ± 0.4** | 7.02 ± 0.3* | 720.1 ± 18.6 | 41.3 ± 2.4 |
图3 2014(A)和2015(B)年生长季期间对照与增温处理下土壤的N2O通量(平均值±标准误差)。*, p < 0.05。C, 对照; W, 增温。
Fig. 3 N2O fluxes under control and warming treatments during the growing seasons of 2014(A) and 2015 (B), (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05. C, control; W, warming.
来源 Source | 2014 | 2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | df | F | p | |
增温 Warming (W) | 1 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.83 |
日期 Date (T) | 22 | 2.16 | 0.00** | 18 | 2.05 | 0.00** |
T × W | 22 | 0.40 | 0.99 | 18 | 1.32 | 0.17 |
表2 基于重复测量方差分析得到的增温(W)、测定时间(T)及其交互作用(W × T)对土壤N2O通量影响
Table 2 Results of repeated measures ANOVA on the effects of warming (W), measuring date (T), and their interactions (T × W) on soil N2O flux
来源 Source | 2014 | 2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | df | F | p | |
增温 Warming (W) | 1 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.83 |
日期 Date (T) | 22 | 2.16 | 0.00** | 18 | 2.05 | 0.00** |
T × W | 22 | 0.40 | 0.99 | 18 | 1.32 | 0.17 |
图4 2014 (A)和2015 (B)年生长季期间增温对AOA与AOB的amoA基因丰度的影响(平均值±标准误差)。AOA, 氨氧化古菌; AOB, 氨氧化细菌。
Fig. 4 Warming effects on the abundance of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA during the growing seasons of 2014 (A) and 2015 (B) (mean ± SE). AOA, ammonia-oxidizing archaea; AOB, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
图5 增温引起的土壤N2O通量的变化量(增温-对照)与土壤温度的变化量(增温-对照)、土壤水分的变化量(增温-对照)之间的关系。A, 土壤水分与土壤温度。B, N2O与土壤温度。C, N2O与土壤水分。
Fig. 5 Relationships among warming induced changes (warming-control) in soil N2O fluxes, soil temperature and soil moisture. A, soil moisture and temperature; B, N2O and soil temperature; C, N2O and soil moisture.
附件I 2014-2015年间生长季日平均气温(折线图)和日降水量(柱状图)
Appendix I Daily mean air temperature (lines) and daily precipitation (bars) during 2014-2015 at our experiment site
附件II 2014-2015年生长季对照与增温处理下土壤的温度和含水量 A, 2014年土壤温度。B, 2015年土壤温度。C, 2014年土壤含水量。D, 2015年土壤含水量。
Appendix II Soil temperature and moisture in control and warming treatments during the growing seasons A, Soil temperature in 2014. B, Soil temperature in 2015. C, Soil moisture in 2014. D, Soil moisture in 2015.
附件III 增温导致的土壤N2O通量的变化(增温-对照)与土壤因素及功能基因的变化(增温-对照)、微生物属性的变化(增温-对照)之间的关系 A, NH4+ -N。B, NO3--N。C, 微生物量碳。D, 微生物量氮。E, 土壤无机氮含量。F, 氨氧化古菌。G, 氨氧化细菌。
Appendix III Relationships of changes in soil N2O flux with changes in edaphic variables, microbial properties, AOA and AOB A, NH4+-N. B, NO3--N. C, Microbial biomass carbon (MBC). D, Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). E, Soil inorganic carbon (SIN). F, Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). G, Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB).
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