巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0195

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 822-832.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0195 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2022.0195

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态系统结构与功能；青藏高原植物生态学：群落生态学；生物多样性；草原与草业

巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化

吕自立¹, 刘彬¹^,^*(), 常凤¹, 马紫荆¹, 曹秋梅²

¹新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室, 新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室, 新疆师范大学生命科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830054
²中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830054

收稿日期:2022-05-16 接受日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2022-12-26
作者简介:** 现工作单位: 莆田砺成中学, 福建莆田 351199。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160271)

Relationship between plant functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in Bayanbulak alpine meadow along an altitude gradient

LÜ Zi-Li¹, LIU Bin¹^,^*(), CHANG Feng¹, MA Zi-Jing¹, CAO Qiu-Mei²

¹Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi 830054, China
²Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830054, China

Received:2022-05-16 Accepted:2022-12-09 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2022-12-26
About author:** Current workplace: Putian Licheng Middle School, Fujian 351199.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160271)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性(EMF)之间的关系, 可以更清晰地阐释生态系统功能的变化。以往生物多样性-生态系统功能关系的研究仅停留在对单一生态系统功能(SEF)的实验性或观察性调查, 忽略了生态系统能同时提供多种功能和服务这一最本质的重要价值。该研究以巴音布鲁克高寒草甸为研究区, 在海拔2 194-3 062 m范围内以200 m左右为间隔设置了5个海拔高度, 选取土壤全氮含量、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、全磷含量、速效磷含量、全钾含量、速效钾含量、土壤密度、植物群落地上与地下生物量10个与养分循环、土壤有机碳蓄积和植物生长有密切联系的指标, 综合各指标平均值来表征EMF。结果表明: (1)群落物种组成沿海拔梯度变化较大, 海拔2 600 m处物种丰富度显著高于其他海拔; 功能均匀度指数(FEve)、功能丰富度指数(FRic)和功能分散度指数(FDis)均随着海拔的升高呈现“单峰”变化趋势, 最高值分别出现在2 600、2 800、2 800 m处; Rao二次熵指数(Rao’Q)整体呈现单调递减趋势。(2)各海拔高度上FRic、FDis与EMF间均存在极显著的正相关关系, 分别解释了EMF 47%和43%的变化; 在海拔2 600 m处FEve与土壤养分循环指数、土壤有机碳蓄积指数间存在显著相关关系; 海拔3 000 m处Rao’Q与土壤养分循环指数、有机碳蓄积指数和EMF间均存在显著相关关系。(3)通过构建结构方程模型分析海拔梯度上植物功能多样性与EMF的关系可知, 海拔以功能多样性为媒介作用于EMF, 其中功能丰富度对EMF的影响最大, 验证了功能多样性与EMF间存在互补效应。综上, 随着海拔的变化, 功能多样性会做出相应的变化, 进而影响SEF和EMF, 功能多样性对于维持EMF具有重要的意义。

关键词: 功能多样性, 生态系统多功能性, 单一生态系统功能, 海拔, 高寒草甸

Abstract:

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is one of the hotspots in ecological research. In the past, the research on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function only focused on the experimental or observational investigation of single ecosystem function (SEF), ignoring the most essential value that ecosystem can provide multiple functions and services at the same time. Identifying the relationship between plant functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) can provide a clear understanding of changes in ecosystem function.

Methods In this study, Bayanbulak alpine meadow was taken as the study area, and five altitude sites were set at an interval of 200 m from 2 194 to 3 062 m above sea level. Soil total nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, total potassium content, available potassium content, soil density, aboveground and underground biomass of plant community were selected to characterize EMF, which were closely related to nutrient cycling, soil organic carbon accumulation and plant growth.

Important findings (1) The species composition of the plant community varied greatly along the altitude gradient, and the species richness at the altitude of 2 600 m was significantly higher than that at the other altitudes. Functional evenness index (FEve), functional richness index (FRic) and functional dispersion index (FDis) all showed a “single peak” trend with the rise of altitude, and the highest values were found at 2 600, 2 800 and 2 800 m, respectively. Rao’ quadratic entropy (Rao’Q) showed a monotonically decreasing trend. (2) FRic and FDis at each altitude were positively correlated with soil EMF, which accounted for 47% and 43% of the variation in EMF, respectively. FEve was significantly correlated with nutrient cycling index and soil organic carbon storage index at the altitude of 2 600 m. Rao’Q at 3 000 m was significantly correlated with soil nutrient cycling index, organic carbon storage and EMF. The relationship between plant functional diversity and EMF along the altitude gradient was analyzed by constructing a structural equation model, which showed that altitude could exert impacts on EMF through changing functional diversity, with the greatest effect of functional richness on EMF. In conclusion, with the alteration of altitude, the functional diversity may result in changes, thereby affect the SEF and EMF, and the functional diversity is important to maintain the EMF.

Key words: functional diversity, ecosystem multifunctional, single ecosystem function, altitude, alpine meadow

吕自立, 刘彬, 常凤, 马紫荆, 曹秋梅. 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 822-832. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0195

LÜ Zi-Li, LIU Bin, CHANG Feng, MA Zi-Jing, CAO Qiu-Mei. Relationship between plant functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in Bayanbulak alpine meadow along an altitude gradient. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(6): 822-832. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0195

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0195

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I6/822

图/表 8

表1 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸各样地地理信息列表

Table 1 List of geographic information for sample plots in Bayanbulak alpine meadow

编号 Plot No.	海拔 Altitude (m)	经度 Longitude (° E)	纬度 Latitude (° N)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope (°)
2200-1	2 194.12	83.86	42.35	阳坡 Sunny slope	13.2
2200-2	2 203.71	83.86	42.34	阳坡 Sunny slope	3.1
2200-3	2 210.63	83.85	42.34	阳坡 Sunny slope	5.4
2400-1	2 406.20	83.53	42.68	阳坡 Sunny slope	7.2
2400-2	2 400.90	83.53	42.68	阳坡 Sunny slope	12.1
2400-3	2 415.20	84.39	43.05	阳坡 Sunny slope	10.7
2600-1	2 590.42	84.05	43.05	阳坡 Sunny slope	7.9
2600-2	2 602.60	82.97	42.86	阳坡 Sunny slope	9.4
2600-3	2 597.20	84.05	42.85	阳坡 Sunny slope	6.7
2800-1	2 794.62	82.99	42.86	阳坡 Sunny slope	3.9
2800-2	2 817.50	82.99	42.87	阳坡 Sunny slope	8.4
2800-3	2 802.00	82.97	42.87	阳坡 Sunny slope	17.5
3000-1	3 052.70	83.47	42.51	阳坡 Sunny slope	10.6
3000-2	3 062.10	83.47	42.51	阳坡 Sunny slope	9.5
3000-3	3 004.12	83.03	42.51	阳坡 Sunny slope	7.7

表2 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸不同海拔样地植物群落优势种组成

Table 2 Composition of dominant species of plant community in Bayanbulak alpine meadow at different altitudes

海拔 Altitude (m)	物种丰富度 (平均值±标准差) Specie richness (mean ± SD)	优势种(重要值) Dominant species (importance value)
2 200	15.00 ± 2.00^a	薹草 Carex sp. (0.212 5)
2 200	15.00 ± 2.00^a	线叶嵩草 Kobresia capillifolia (0.187 5)
2 400	14.49 ± 2.33^ab	丘陵老鹳草 Geranium collinum (0.212 2)
2 400	14.49 ± 2.33^ab	线叶嵩草 Kobresia capillifolia (0.186 3)
2 600	16.13 ± 3.14^ab	线叶嵩草 Kobresia capillifolia (0.251 6)
2 600	16.13 ± 3.14^ab	薹草 Carex sp. (0.145 8)
2 800	15.17 ± 1.47^a	珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum (0.276 5)
2 800	15.17 ± 1.47^a	针茅 Stipa sp. (0.266 0)
3 000	12.25 ± 2.87^b	珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum (0.349 0)
3 000	12.25 ± 2.87^b	丘陵老鹳草 Geranium collinum (0.188 1)

图1 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸不同海拔样地植物群落的功能多样性指数(平均值±标准差)。FDis, 功能分散度指数; FEve, 功能均匀度指数; FRic, 功能丰富度指数; Rao’Q, Rao的二次熵。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Distribution of functional diversity index of plant communities at different altitudes in Bayanbulak alpine meadow (mean ± SD). FDis, functional dispersion index; FEve, functional evenness index; FRic, functional richness index; Rao’Q, Rao’s quadratic entropy. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图2 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸群落功能多样性指数与单一生态系统功能(SEF)、生态系统多功能性(EMF)指数间的相关性分析。FDis, 功能分散度指数; FEve, 功能均匀度指数; FRic, 功能丰富度指数; NCI, 养分循环指数; PGI, 植物生长指数; Rao’Q, Rao的二次熵; SCSI, 土壤有机碳蓄积指数。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Correlation analysis between community functional diversity index and single elosystem function (SEF) and elosystem multifuctionality (EMF) index in Bayanbulak alpine meadow. FDis, functional dispersion index; FEve, functional evenness index; FRic, functional richness index; NCI, nutrient cycling index; PGI, plant growth index; Rao’Q, Rao’s quadratic entropy; SCSI, soil carbon stock index. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸群落功能多样性指数与生态系统多功能性指数(EMF)间的回归分析。FDis, 功能分散度指数; FEve, 功能均匀度指数; FRic, 功能丰富度指数; Rao’Q, Rao的二次熵; 灰色部分代表置信区间。

Fig. 3 Regression analysis of community functional diversity index and ecosystem multifunctional index (EMF) in Bayanbulak alpine meadow. FDis, functional dispersion index; FEve, functional uniformity index; FRic, functional richness index; Rao’Q, Rao’s quadratic entropy; the gray part represents the confidence interval.

表3 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸不同海拔功能多样性指数与生态系统多功能性指数(EMF)间相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis between functional diversity index and ecosystem multifunctional index (EMF) at different altitudes in Bayanbulak alpine meadow

海拔 (m) Altitude	生态系统功能指数 Ecosystem function index	功能多样性指数 Functional diversity index
海拔 (m) Altitude	生态系统功能指数 Ecosystem function index	FRic	FDis	FEve	Rao’Q
2 200	EMF	0.025 0^*	0.882 9^*	0.139 4	0.352 2^*
	植物生长 Plant growth	0.984 9^*	0.947 7^*	0.904 3	-0.705 4
	养分循环 Nutrient cycling	0.852 0^*	0.638 2^*	0.890 6	-0.707 8
	有机碳蓄积 Soil carbon stock	0.918 4^***	0.820 7^*	0.934 5	-0.577 2
2 400	EMF	0.957 3^**	0.926 7^*	-0.280 9	0.162 8
	植物生长 Plant growth	0.938 5^***	0.843 0^***	-0.248 2	0.201 0
	养分循环 Nutrient cycling	0.867 3^***	0.968 4^***	-0.323 6	0.011 4
	有机碳蓄积 Soil carbon stock	-0.568 1^*	-0.642 5^**	-0.186 3	0.137 0
2 600	EMF	0.080 7^*	0.244 9	0.265 8	0.152 0
	植物生长 Plant growth	0.099 7^*	0.004 5	-0.100 6	0.176 0
	养分循环 Nutrient cycling	0.168 0	0.078 8^**	0.262 3^**	0.184 9
	有机碳蓄积 Soil carbon stock	0.171 4^**	0.080 3^*	0.257 2^*	0.268 7
2 800	EMF	0.585 7^**	0.222 7	0.373 7	-0.449 0
	植物生长 Plant growth	0.345 3	0.194 2	-0.004 2	-0.238 8
	养分循环 Nutrient cycling	0.961 4^***	0.504 5	0.203 5	-0.161 9
	有机碳蓄积 Soil carbon stock	0.523 5^*	0.220 6	0.495 6	-0.486 0
3 000	EMF	0.868 2^*	0.918 5^*	-0.044 4	0.695 3^*
	植物生长 Plant growth	0.952 1^**	0.975 1^***	0.054 0	0.690 9
	养分循环 Nutrient cycling	0.782 2^**	0.838 6^***	-0.267 6	0.668 2^**
	有机碳蓄积 Soil carbon stock	0.856 8^*	0.927 4^**	0.005 6	0.734 5^**

表4 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸海拔对功能多样性与生态系统多功能(EMF)影响的结构方程模型概述

Table 4 A summary of structural equation model of the effect of altitude on functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctional index (EMF) in Bayanbulak alpine meadow

关系 Regression	完全中介模型 Full mediation model (df = 15, SRMR = 0.08, GFI = 0.92)			部分中介模型 Partial mediation model (df = 13, SRMR = 0.08, GFI = 0.81)
关系 Regression	Est. std	SE	p	Est. std	SE	p
Alt-FRic	0.067	0.127	0.008	0.004	0.059	0.952
Alt-FEve	-0.044	0.111	0.147	-0.015	0.029	0.606
Alt-FDis	-0.049	0.129	0.309	-0.080	0.058	0.165
Alt-Rao’Q	-0.980	0.023	<0.001	-0.980	0.023	0.000
FRic-EMF	0.475	0.275	<0.001	0.506	0.161	0.002
FEve-EMF	0.127	0.089	<0.001	0.143	0.084	0.087
FDis-EMF	0.283	0.274	<0.001	0.233	0.167	0.163
Rao’Q-EMF	0.050	0.570	0.017	0.067	0.068	0.325
Alt-EMF				0.007	0.400	0.857

图4 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸海拔对功能多样性指数和态系统多功能性指数(EMF)影响的结构方程模型图。Alt, 海拔; FDis, 功能分散度; FEve, 功能均匀度; FRic, 功能丰富度; Rao’Q, Rao的二次熵。箭头旁边的数字为标准化路径系数(正值代表正效应, 负值表示负效应)。实线代表存在显著相关性，虚线代表不存在显著相关性。箭头的粗细代表显著性差异(粗代表显著性高, 细代表显著性低)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Structural equation model diagram of the effect of altitude on functional diversity index and ecosystem multifunctional index (EMF) in Bayanbulak alpine meadow. Alt, altitude; FDis, functional dispersion; FEve, functional uniformity; FRic, functional richness; Rao’Q, Rao’s quadratic entropy. The number next to the arrow in the plot is the normalized path coefficient (positive values represent positive effects, negative values represent negative effects). A solid line indicates a significant correlation, and a dashed line indicates no significant correlation. The thickness of the arrow represents significant difference (thick represents high significance, thin represents low significance). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化

Relationship between plant functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in Bayanbulak alpine meadow along an altitude gradient

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