神农架大九湖6种草本植物叶解剖结构性状对不同水分生境的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0039

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2149-2165.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0039 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0039

所属专题：虚拟专辑 | 干旱响应与适应 | 整合生物学期刊集群跨刊组建

神农架大九湖6种草本植物叶解剖结构性状对不同水分生境的响应

王雅轩¹^,^*, 王倩¹^,^*, 林倩缇², 张亦嘉¹, 郑敏¹^,^**(), 顾延生¹

¹中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430078
²深圳大学高等研究院, 广东深圳 518060

收稿日期:2025-02-01 接受日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-25
通讯作者: **郑敏(zhengmin4402@126.com)
作者简介:*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42077408)

Leaf anatomical structure traits of six herbaceous plants response to different water habitats in Dajiuhu wetland, Mt. Shennongjia

WANG Ya-Xuan¹^,^*, WANG Qian¹^,^*, LIN Qian-Ti², ZHANG Yi-Jia¹, ZHENG Min¹^,^**(), GU Yan-Sheng¹

¹School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
²Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China

Received:2025-02-01 Accepted:2025-06-09 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-25
About author:* Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077408)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶片作为植物与外界环境进行物质和能量交换的重要器官, 其解剖结构的变化能够直观地反映植物对不同生境的适应策略。通过对不同生境中植物叶片解剖结构性状的研究, 揭示出植物叶片应对地下水位变化的策略, 能够为研究植物对环境水分变化的适应提供参考。该研究以神农架大九湖6个不同生境(旱生草甸、中生-旱生草甸、湿生-中生草甸、退化半湿生沼泽、湿生草本沼泽、湿生泥炭沼泽)作为研究区域, 采用石蜡切片法对阿齐薹草(Carex argyi)、华刺子莞(Rhynchospora chinensis)、华东藨草(Scirpus karuisawensis)、画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)、假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis pseudophragmites)、华北剪股颖(Agrostis clavata) 6种草本植物的叶片进行处理, 在显微镜下对叶片横切结构进行测量和比较分析。结果表明: (1)不同植物叶解剖结构对生境水位变化的适应有所差异, 阿齐薹草、华刺子莞和华东藨草生长于水分条件良好的沼泽生境, 在生境水位升高时, 3种植物的气腔、维管束和上下表皮细胞横切面都显著增大, 并且阿齐薹草、华刺子莞叶片厚度和维管束中木质部直径也显著增大; (2)在较干的旱生和中生草甸分布的画眉草、假苇拂子茅和华北剪股颖, 叶片横切面上多数结构在不同生境之间并未表现出显著差异, 仅有泡状细胞和表皮细胞出现显著变化。画眉草叶横切面上的泡状细胞宽度、厚度和上表皮细胞厚度以及假苇拂子茅下表皮细胞厚度在生境水位降低时均呈现增大的趋势。画眉草和华北剪股颖均属于C₄植物, 叶片表面具有表皮毛或突起物, 可能与植物抗旱能力有一定关联。阿齐薹草、华刺子莞和华东藨草的通气组织和输导组织在湿生沼泽环境趋于发达, 保证了气体与水分的流通。

关键词: 水位变化, 叶片解剖结构性状, 生态适应, 禾本科, 莎草科

Abstract:

Aims As a crucial organ for plants to conduct matter and energy exchange with the external environment, the leaf’s anatomical structure changes can directly reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to diverse habitats. The study of the anatomical structure traits of plant leaves in different habitats reflects the strategies of the wetland plants to cope with the changes in ground water level. It can provide a reference for exploring the adaptation of plants to environmental water changes. This study aims to conduct research on the dominant plants in different habitats of Dajiuhu wetland, Mt. Shennongjia, and investigate the adaptive response of plant leaf anatomical structure traits to habitats with different water levels.

Methods We selected six different habitats (xeric meadow, moderate-xeric meadow, hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow, degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes, hygrophyte herbaceous marshes, hygrophyte peat bogs) in Dajiuhu wetland in Shennongjia as the study area. Six herbaceous plants, including Carex argyi, Rhynchospora chinensis, Scirpus karuisawensis, Eragrostis pilosa, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Agrostis clavata were collected from the Dajiuhu wetland and the leaf anatomy of these species were studied by using paraffin sectioning method.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) the adaptation structures of different plants to the changes in habitat water level differed. Carex argyi, Rhynchospora chinensis and Scirpus karuisawensis grew in swampy habitats with good water conditions. When the water level increased, the air cavity, vascular bundle and upper and lower epidermal cell cross-section significantly increased. The leaf thickness and xylem diameter in vascular bundles increased significantly in Carex argyiand Rhynchospora chinensis; (2) Eragrostis pilosa, Calamagrostis pseudophragmitesand Agrostis clavata were distributed in drier dry and mesic meadows, and most structures in leaf transection did not show significant differences between habitats. Only the width and thickness of bulliform cells and upper epidermal cell thickness of Eragrostis pilosa, along with the lower epidermal cell thickness of Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, increased when the habitat water level decreased. Eragrostis pilosa and Agrostis clavata are C₄ plants with trichomes or protuberances on the leaf surface, which may be related to the drought resistance. The developed aerenchyma and conducting tissues of Carex argyi, Rhynchospora chinensis and Scirpus karuisawensis ensured the flow of gas and water.

Key words: water level change, leaf anatomical structure trait, ecological adaptation, Poaceae, Cyperaceae

王雅轩, 王倩, 林倩缇, 张亦嘉, 郑敏, 顾延生. 神农架大九湖6种草本植物叶解剖结构性状对不同水分生境的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2149-2165. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0039

WANG Ya-Xuan, WANG Qian, LIN Qian-Ti, ZHANG Yi-Jia, ZHENG Min, GU Yan-Sheng. Leaf anatomical structure traits of six herbaceous plants response to different water habitats in Dajiuhu wetland, Mt. Shennongjia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2149-2165. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0039

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0039

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2149

图/表 14

图1 大九湖泥炭地土地利用类型。

Fig. 1 Land-use map of the Dajiuhu Peatland.

表1 神农架大九湖6种草本植物及采集地基本情况

Table 1 Basic information of six herbaceous plants and sample plots in Dajiuhu wetland, Mt. Shennongjia

生境 Habitat	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (cm)	物种 Species
旱生草甸 HA	110.02° E	31.48° N	1 760	>100	假苇拂子茅、画眉草 Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Eragrostis pilosa
中生-旱生草甸 HB	110.02° E	31.47° N	1 760	>100	华北剪股颖、假苇拂子茅、画眉草 Agrostis clavata, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Eragrostis pilosa
湿生-中生草甸 Z	100.00° E	31.48° N	1 760	50	华北剪股颖、假苇拂子茅、画眉草 Agrostis clavata, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Eragrostis pilosa
退化半湿生沼泽 SA	110.01° E	31.48° N	1 750	10	华东藨草、阿齐薹草 Scirpus karuisawensis, Carex argyi
湿生草本沼泽 SB	110.00° E	31.48° N	1 750	-5	华东藨草、华刺子莞 Scirpus karuisawensis, Rhynchospora chinensis
湿生泥炭沼泽 SC	110.00° E	31.49° N	1 760	-5	华东藨草、阿齐薹草、华刺子莞 Scirpus karuisawensis, Carex argyi, Rhynchospora chinensis

图2 光学显微镜下阿齐薹草的叶片横切结构。A、B, 退化半湿生沼泽(SA)生境。C、D, 湿生泥炭沼泽(SC)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 2 Leaf transverse sections of Carex argyi under light microscope. A, B, Degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes (SA habitat). C, D, Hygrophyte peat bogs (SC habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图3 不同生境下阿齐薹草叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Carex argyi in different habitats (mean ± SE). SA, degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes; SC, hygrophyte peat bogs. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图4 光学显微镜下华刺子莞的叶片横切结构。A、B, 湿生草本沼泽(SB)生境。C、D, 湿生泥炭沼泽(SC)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 4 Leaf transverse sections of Rhynchospora chinensis under light microscope. A, B, Hygrophyte herbaceous marshes (SB habitat). C, D, Hygrophyte peat bogs (SC habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图5 不同生境下华刺子莞叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 5 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Rhynchospora chinensis in different habitats (mean ± SE). SB, hygrophyte herbaceous marshes; SC, hygrophyte peat bogs. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图6 光学显微镜下华东藨草的叶片横切结构。A、B, 退化半湿生沼泽(SA)生境。C、D, 湿生草本沼泽(SB)生境。E、F, 湿生泥炭沼泽(SC)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 6 Leaf transverse sections of Scirpus karuizawensis under light microscope. A, B, Degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes (SA habitat). C, D, Hygrophyte herbaceous marshes (SB habitat). E, F, Hygrophyte peat bogs (SC habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图7 不同生境下华东藨草叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 7 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Scirpus karuizawensis in different habitats (mean ± SE). SA, degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes; SB, hygrophyte herbaceous marshes; SC, hygrophyte peat bogs. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图8 光学显微镜下画眉草的叶片横切结构。A、B, 旱生草甸(HA)生境。C、D, 中生-旱生草甸(HB)生境。E、F, 湿生-中生草甸(Z)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 8 Leaf transverse sections of Eragrostis pilosa under light microscope. A, B, Xeric meadow (HA habitat). C, D, Moderate-xeric meadow (HB habitat). E, F, Hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow (Z habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图9 不同生境下画眉草叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 9 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Eragrostis pilosa in different habitats (mean ± SE). HA, xeric meadow; HB, moderate-xeric meadow; Z, hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图10 光学显微镜下假苇拂子茅的叶片横切结构。A、B, 旱生草甸(HA)生境。C、D, 中生-旱生草甸(HB)生境。E、F, 湿生-中生草甸(Z)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 10 Leaf transverse sections of Calamagrostis pseudophragmites under light microscope. A, B, Xeric meadow (HA habitat). C, D, Moderate-xeric meadow (HB habitat). E, F, Hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow (Z habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图11 不同生境下假苇拂子茅叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 11 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Calamagrostis pseudophragmites in different habitats (mean ± SE). HA, xeric meadow; HB, moderate-xeric meadow; Z, hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图12 光学显微镜下华北剪股颖的叶片横切结构。A、B, 中生-旱生草甸(HB)生境。C、D, 湿生-中生草甸(Z)生境。ac, 气腔; bc, 泡状细胞; le, 下表皮; ue, 上表皮; vb, 维管束; xy, 木质部。

Fig. 12 Leaf transverse sections of Agrostis clavata under light microscope. A, B, Moderate-xeric meadow (HB habitat). C, D, Hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow (Z habitat). ac, air cavity; bc, bulliform cell; le, lower epidermis; ue, upper epidermis; vb, vascular bundle; xy, xylem.

图13 不同生境下华北剪股颖叶横切结构特征均值比较(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 13 Comparison of the mean values of leaf transection structure characters of Agrostis clavata in different habitats (mean ± SE). HB, moderate-xeric meadow; Z, hygrophyte-mesophyte meadow.

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神农架大九湖6种草本植物叶解剖结构性状对不同水分生境的响应

Leaf anatomical structure traits of six herbaceous plants response to different water habitats in Dajiuhu wetland, Mt. Shennongjia

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