内蒙古温带草原不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量对总碳储量的贡献及其驱动因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0443

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1374-1387.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0443 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0443

内蒙古温带草原不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量对总碳储量的贡献及其驱动因素

常鹏飞¹^,²^,³()(), 李平¹^,², 纳尔斯格¹^,²^,³, 王静¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 王振华¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 杨森¹^,²^,³^,⁶, 贾舟¹^,²^,³^,⁷, 杨璐¹^,²^,³, 刘玲莉¹^,²^,³, 邓美凤¹^,²^,^*

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
²国家植物园, 北京 100093
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁴河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002
⁵宁德师范学院生物科学与工程学院, 福建宁德 352100
⁶北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100871
⁷河北省农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2024-12-06 接受日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通讯作者: ^*邓美凤 (dengmeifeng@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271625);国家自然科学基金(32330066);国家自然科学基金(32125025);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0801901)

Contributions of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon stocks to total soil carbon stock and their driving factors across different types in Nei Mongol temperate grasslands

CHANG Peng-Fei¹^,²^,³()(), LI Ping¹^,², Nairsag ¹^,²^,³, WANG Jing¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WANG Zhen-Hua¹^,²^,³^,⁵, YANG Sen¹^,²^,³^,⁶, JIA Zhou¹^,²^,³^,⁷, YANG Lu¹^,²^,³, LIU Ling-Li¹^,²^,³, DENG Mei-Feng¹^,²^,^*

¹Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
⁵School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, China
⁶College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
⁷Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Received:2024-12-06 Accepted:2025-04-16 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-04-17
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271625);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330066);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125025);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0801901)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草地土壤碳库作为陆地生态系统碳库的核心组分, 其有机和无机组分在陆地碳循环和气候反馈中发挥着重要作用。然而, 现有研究多聚焦于土壤有机碳动态, 对综合考量两种组分的碳储量调控机制认知不足, 且对不同草地类型土壤碳储量在组分和空间分布的整体认识仍有待深化。该研究基于内蒙古温带草地的实地调查, 选取典型草原和草甸草原两种主要草地类型, 测定土壤理化性质、植物生物量及化学性状, 以及微生物生物量碳和群落组成。在此基础上, 利用增强回归树和结构方程模型, 探究气候、土壤、植物和微生物四类因素对土壤总碳及其有机和无机组分储量的相对重要性, 并探讨其潜在影响机制。研究发现, 典型草原0-60 cm土壤无机碳储量((2.75 ± 0.15) kg C·m^-2)显著高于草甸草原((0.45 ± 0.03) kg C·m^-2), 而土壤有机碳储量无显著差异(分别为(8.61 ± 0.19)和(8.32 ± 0.17) kg C·m^-2), 致使典型草原的土壤总碳储量显著高于草甸草原。两类草地土壤有机碳含量均随深度递减; 但土壤无机碳含量在典型草原深层积累, 而草甸草原无此趋势。植被特征、气候和土壤属性等多种生物和非生物因素共同驱动了土壤总碳及其有机和无机组分储量的变化。不同草地类型土壤碳储量的主要调控因素存在差异: 在受水分限制较强的典型草原, 土壤碳储量主要受气候因素的调控; 而水分条件较好的草甸草原, 更多受到土壤因素的影响。该结果为准确评估温带草地土壤碳储量, 理解多因素交互作用下的土壤碳储量分配机制提供了科学依据。

关键词: 温带草地, 土壤碳储量, 土壤碳组分, 有机-无机碳耦合, 气候-植物-土壤互作

Abstract:

Aims As a key component of terrestrial ecosystem carbon pools, soil carbon storage in grasslands, encompassing both soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) pools, plays a crucial role in terrestrial carbon cycling and climate feedback. However, current research has primarily focused on SOC dynamic, while the regulatory mechanisms governing the storage of both SOC and SIC remain poorly understood. The comprehensive understanding of soil carbon storage, including its composition and spatial distribution across different grassland types, is still lacking.
Methods Here, we conducted a field survey in temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol, selecting two grassland types: typical steppe and meadow steppe. We measured soil physicochemical properties, plant biomass and chemical traits, as well as microbial biomass carbon and community composition. Based on these data, we applied boosted regression trees and structural equation modeling to investigate the relative importance of the four explanatory factors—climatic, edaphic, vegetational, and microbial variables, in shaping total soil carbon storage and its organic and inorganic components. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms underlying their influence.
Important findings This study found that the SIC stock in the 0-60 cm soil layer of typical steppe ((2.75 ± 0.15) kg C·m^-2) was significantly higher than that in meadow ((0.45 ± 0.03) kg C·m^-2), while there was no significant difference in soil organic carbon storage ((8.61 ± 0.19) kg C·m^-2 for typical steppe and (8.32 ± 0.17) kg C·m^-2 for meadow), resulting in a significantly higher total soil carbon storage in typical grasslands compared to meadow grasslands. The SOC content of both grassland types decreased with soil depth. However, the SIC content in typical steppe exhibited pronounced accumulation in deeper soil layers, a pattern that was absent in meadow. Biotic and abiotic factors, including vegetation characteristics, climate, and soil properties, jointly influenced total soil carbon and its SOC and SIC components, with distinct regulatory mechanisms between grassland types. In typical steppe with strong water limitations, soil carbon storage was primarily regulated by climate factors, whereas in meadow steppe with relatively higher moisture availability, soil properties played a more prominent role. These findings provide a scientific basis for accurately assessing the soil carbon storage in temperate grasslands and enhance our understanding of the distribution mechanisms of soil carbon under multi-factor interactions.

Key words: temperate grasslands, soil carbon stock, soil carbon fractions, organic-inorganic carbon coupling, climate-plant-soil interactions

常鹏飞, 李平, 纳尔斯格, 王静, 王振华, 杨森, 贾舟, 杨璐, 刘玲莉, 邓美凤. 内蒙古温带草原不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量对总碳储量的贡献及其驱动因素. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1374-1387. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0443

CHANG Peng-Fei, LI Ping, Nairsag , WANG Jing, WANG Zhen-Hua, YANG Sen, JIA Zhou, YANG Lu, LIU Ling-Li, DENG Mei-Feng. Contributions of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon stocks to total soil carbon stock and their driving factors across different types in Nei Mongol temperate grasslands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1374-1387. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0443

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0443

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1374

图/表 5

图1 草地类型及气候变量对土壤碳储量的影响。SIC, 土壤无机碳; SOC, 土壤有机碳。A, 草地类型对土壤总碳及其有机和无机组分储量的影响(平均值±标准误)。B、C, 年降水量对不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量的影响。D、E, 年平均气温对不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量的影响。A中不同大写字母表示不同草地类型间土壤总碳储量存在显著差异(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示对SOC或SIC, 不同草地类型之间土壤总碳储量存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。B-E中实线表示关系显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Impacts of grassland types and climatic variables on soil carbon stocks. SIC, soil inorganic carbon; SOC, soil organic carbon. A, Impacts of grassland types on total soil carbon and its organic and inorganic component stocks (mean ± SE). B, C, Impacts of mean annual precipitation (MAP) on soil organic and inorganic carbon stocks in different grassland types. D, E, Impacts of mean annual air temperatures (MAT) on soil organic and inorganic carbon stocks in different grassland types. Different uppercase letters in A indicate that significant differences in total soil carbon stock between grassland types (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between grassland types within the SOC or SIC (p < 0.05). Solid lines in B-E represent significant relationships (p < 0.05).

图2 不同草地类型土壤碳含量沿土壤剖面的变化(平均值±标准误)。A-C中显著性标记表示典型草原和草甸草原在不同土壤深度下土壤碳含量存在差异显著(·, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)。

Fig. 2 Changes of the soil carbon content along the soil profile across different grassland types (mean ± SE). The significant sign in A-C indicate that there are significant differences in soil carbon content between typical steppe and meadow at different soil depths (·, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001).

图3 不同草地类型下土壤属性(A、B)、植物属性(C-F)和微生物属性(G-H)对土壤总碳储量的影响。实线表示关系显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Impacts of soil (A, B), plant (C-F), and microbial (G-H) properties on total soil carbon stocks across different grassland types. Solid lines represent significant relationships (p < 0.05). C:N, carbon to nitrogen ratio; F:B, fungi to bacteria ratio.

图4 不同因素对典型草原和草甸草原土壤总碳储量的相对影响。

Fig. 4 Relative influence of different factors on total soil carbon stocks in typical steppe and meadow steppe. Al, aluminum; C:N, carbon to nitrogen ratio; Ca, calcium; DIN, dissolved inorganic nitrogen; F:B, fungi to bacteria ratio; Fe, iron; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; Mn, manganese; P, phosphorus.

图5 草地土壤碳储量的直接和间接驱动因素。箭头旁的数字表示标准化路径系数(*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)。箭头的宽度表示关系的强度。红色箭头表示显著正相关, 黑色箭头表示显著负相关(p < 0.05)。虚线表示关系不显著(p ≥ 0.5)。C:N, 碳氮比; F:B, 真菌细菌比; MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; MBC, 微生物生物量碳含量。AIC, 赤池信息准则; RMSE, 均方根误差。

Fig. 5 Direct and indirect drivers of soil carbon stocks in the grassland. Grassland types, climate, plant, soil, and microbial properties were divided into composite variables. Numbers at arrows are standardized path coefficients. Arrow thickness represents the strength of the relationships (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001). Red arrows indicate significant positive relationships and black arrows indicate significant negative relationships (p < 0.05). Dashed arrows represent nonsignificant relationships (p ≥ 0.5). C:N, carbon to nitrogen ratio; F:B, fungi to bacteria ratio; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content. AIC, Akaike information criterion; RMSE, root mean square error.

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内蒙古温带草原不同草地类型土壤有机碳和无机碳储量对总碳储量的贡献及其驱动因素

Contributions of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon stocks to total soil carbon stock and their driving factors across different types in Nei Mongol temperate grasslands

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