干旱下草地植物糙隐子草根系和菌根真菌对土壤碳氮的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0439

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草地植物根系和菌根真菌是土壤有机碳的重要来源, 对土壤碳氮组分的形成和周转起重要作用。受气候变化影响, 全球干旱事件频发, 然而干旱如何调控根系和菌根真菌对不同组分土壤碳氮的影响仍不清楚。该研究通过室内盆栽种植草地植物糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa), 盆内设置根袋和菌根袋, 用以区分根系和菌根真菌在植物生长过程中对土壤碳氮的影响, 同时在植物生长期内进行对照和干旱处理。在植物生长64天后收获, 测定土壤无机氮含量、植物生物量及碳氮含量、根袋和菌根袋中土壤有机质及其组分的碳氮含量、微生物群落组成等。结果显示与无根系参与的菌根袋相比, 根袋中根系分布使土壤有机碳及颗粒态有机碳含量显著提高17.5%和55.8%, 矿物结合态有机质氮含量显著提高10.1%。干旱处理提高土壤无机氮含量、降低植物生物量、对根袋中土壤有机质及其组分的碳氮含量无显著影响, 但显著降低了菌根袋中颗粒态有机碳含量。干旱处理未显著改变根袋中微生物生物量, 但使菌根袋中的微生物生物量呈上升趋势, 且菌根袋中颗粒态有机质碳含量与菌根真菌量及微生物总量呈负相关关系。研究结果表明植物生长过程中根系主要影响土壤中颗粒态有机碳含量, 菌根真菌主要影响矿物结合态有机质氮含量, 短期干旱会降低菌根真菌参与的土壤颗粒态有机碳含量, 未来研究应更加关注全球变化在长时间尺度上如何影响草地植物根系和菌根真菌对土壤有机质及其组分的影响。

关键词: 植物根系, 菌根真菌, 土壤有机质, 颗粒态有机质, 矿物结合态有机质, 干旱

Abstract:

Aims Grassland plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi are the main sources of soil organic carbon, which play an important role in the formation and turnover of soil organic carbon and its components, and they also affect the soil nitrogen pool. Under the scenario of climate change, global drought events are frequent. How drought affects the role of roots and mycorrhizal fungi on soil carbon and nitrogen pools of different components is still unclear.
Methods In this study, Cleistogenes squarrosa was planted in indoor pots and subjected to control and drought treatments. Root bags and mycorrhizal bags were set up to distinguish the effects of plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi on the carbon and nitrogen content of soil organic matter and its components during plant growth. After 64 days of plant growth, the plants were harvested. The soil inorganic nitrogen content, plant biomass, plant leaf carbon and nitrogen content, carbon and nitrogen content of soil organic matter and its components in root bags and mycorrhizal bags, and microbial community composition were measured.
Important findings The results showed that compared with mycorrhizal bags without root participation, the soil organic carbon and particulate organic carbon content in the root bags enhanced by 17.5% and 55.8%, and the mineral-associated organic nitrogen content increased by 10.1%. Drought treatment increased soil inorganic nitrogen content, reduced plant biomass, had no significant effect on the carbon and nitrogen content of soil organic matter and its components in the root bag, but significantly reduced the content of particulate organic carbon in the mycorrhizal bag. Drought treatment did not significantly change the microbial biomass in the root bag, but increased the microbial biomass in the mycorrhizal bag. The particulate organic carbon content in the mycorrhizal bags was negatively correlated with the amount of mycorrhizal fungi and the total microbial biomass. The results showed that during plant growth, the roots mainly affected the content of particulate organic carbon in the soil, and mycorrhizal fungi mainly affected the content of mineral-associated organic nitrogen. Short-term drought reduced the content of particulate organic carbon in the soil where mycorrhizal fungi were present. Future research should pay more attention to how global change affects the relative contributions of grassland plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi to soil organic matter and its components and their potential impact on soil organic carbon and nitrogen on a long-term scale.

Key words: plant roots, mycorrhizal fungi, soil organic matter, particulate organic matter, mineral-associated organic matter, drought

刘影, 李疆枫, 吴佳琪, 王艺帆, 尹清琳, 王静. 干旱下草地植物糙隐子草根系和菌根真菌对土壤碳氮的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1388-1398. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0439

LIU Ying, LI Jiang-Feng, WU Jia-Qi, WANG Yi-Fan, YIN Qing-Lin, WANG Jing. Effects of root and mycorrhizal fungi of Cleistogenes squarrosa on soil carbon and nitrogen under drought conditions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1388-1398. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0439

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0439

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1388

图/表 6

图1 干旱处理对糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)地上、根生物量以及叶片碳氮含量和碳氮比的影响(平均值±标准误)。**, 处理效应极显著(p ≤ 0.01); *, 处理效应显著(p ≤ 0.05); #, 处理效应边缘显著(p ≤ 0.1)。Control, 对照; Drought, 干旱处理。

Fig. 1 Effects of drought treatment on aboveground, root biomass and the carbon (C) concentration, nitrogen (N) concentration, C:N of Cleistogenes squarrosa (mean ± SE). ** indicated that the treatment effect was extremely significant (p ≤ 0.01); * indicated that the treatment effect was significant (p ≤ 0.05); # indicated that the treatment effect was marginally significant (p ≤ 0.1).

图2 干旱处理对土壤无机氮含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。**表示处理效应极显著(p ≤ 0.01)。Control, 对照; Drought, 干旱处理。

Fig. 2 Effects of drought treatment on soil inorganic nitrogen (N) content (mean ± SE). ** indicated that the treatment effect was extremely significant (p ≤ 0.01). NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen.

图3 干旱处理对根袋和菌根袋中土壤有机质碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中为两因素方差分析结果, Trt表示干旱处理的主效应, Bag表示根袋和菌根袋不同来源的主效应, Trt × Bag表示两者的交互效应。**表示处理的主效应或交互效应极显著(p ≤ 0.01); #表示处理的主效应或交互效应边缘显著(p ≤ 0.1)。Control, 对照; Drought, 干旱处理。

Fig. 3 Effects of drought treatment on carbon and nitrogen concentration of soil organic matter (SOM) (mean ± SE). The results of two-way ANOVA were shown in the figures. Trt represents the main effect of drought, Bag represents the main effect of different sources of root bag and mycorrhizal bag, and Trt × Bag represents the interactive effect of both. ** indicated that the main effect or interaction effect of the treatment was extremely significant (p ≤ 0.01); # indicated that the main effect or interaction effect of the treatment was marginally significant (p ≤ 0.1). SOM_C, carbon concentration of soil organic matter; SOM_N, nitrogen concentration of soil organic matter.

图4 干旱处理对土壤颗粒态有机质和矿物结合态有机质碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中为两因素方差分析结果, Trt表示干旱处理的主效应, Bag表示根袋和菌根袋不同来源的主效应, Trt × Bag表示两者的交互效应。**表示处理的主效应或交互效应极显著(p ≤ 0.01); *表示处理的主效应或交互效应显著(p ≤ 0.05)。Control, 对照; Drought, 干旱处理。

Fig. 4 Effects of drought treatment on carbon and nitrogen concentration of soil particulate organic matter (POM) and soil mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (mean ± SE). The results of two-way ANOVA were shown in the figures. Trt represents the main effect of drought, Bag represents the main effect of different sources of root bag and mycorrhizal bag, and Trt × Bag represents the interactive effect of both. ** indicated that the main effect or interaction effect of the treatment was extremely significant (p ≤ 0.01); * indicated that the main effect or interaction effect was significant (p ≤ 0.05). MAOM_C, carbon concentration of mineral-associated organic matter; MAOM_N, nitrogen concentration of mineral-associated organic matter; POC_C, carbon concentration of particulate organic matter; POC_N, nitrogen concentration of particulate organic matter.

图5 干旱处理对土壤微生物群落组成的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中为两因素方差分析结果, Trt表示干旱处理的主效应, Bag表示根袋和菌根袋不同来源的主效应, Trt × Bag表示两者的交互效应。#为处理的主效应或交互效应边缘显著(p ≤ 0.1)。Control, 对照; Drought, 干旱处理。

Fig. 5 Effects of drought treatment on soil microbial community composition (mean ± SE). The results of two-way ANOVA were shown in the figures. Trt represents the main effect of drought, Bag represents the main effect of different sources of root bag and mycorrhizal bag, and Trt × Bag represents the interactive effect of both. AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. # indicated that the main effect or interaction effect of the treatment was marginally significant (p ≤ 0.1).

图6 土壤颗粒有机质含碳量与丛枝菌根真菌(A)含量和微生物总量(B)的关系。圆点表示根袋数据, 圆圈表示菌根袋数据。

Fig. 6 Relationships between carbon concentration of soil particulate organic matter (POM_C) and total amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, A) or total microbial biomass (B). Dots and circles represent the data from root bags and mycorrhizal bags, respectively.

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