增温对中亚热带格氏栲天然林细根生长量及形态特征的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0298

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 94-106.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0298

增温对中亚热带格氏栲天然林细根生长量及形态特征的影响

梁天豪¹^,²^,³, 吴帆¹^,², 黄锦学¹^,², 景陈鸿¹^,²^,³, 傅贺菁¹^,²^,³, 杨智杰¹^,²^,³, 熊德成¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ 福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007
² 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
³ 福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 福建三明 365002

收稿日期:2024-09-04 接受日期:2025-01-27 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: *熊德成(xdc104@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31930071);国家自然科学基金(32071743);福建省科技厅公益类项目(2024R1002006);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2022L3009)

Effects of soil warming on fine root growth and morphology of Castanopsis kawakamii in mid-subtropical forests

LIANG Tian-Hao¹^,²^,³, WU Fan¹^,², HUANG Jin-Xue¹^,², JING Chen-Hong¹^,²^,³, FU He-Jing¹^,²^,³, YANG Zhi-Jie¹^,²^,³, XIONG De-Cheng¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
² School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
³ Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, Fujian 365002, China

Received:2024-09-04 Accepted:2025-01-27 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-02-13
Contact: *XIONG De-Cheng (xdc104@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930071);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071743);Public Welfare Projects of Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Department(2024R1002006);Special Project for Guiding Science and Technology Development of Local Government by the Central Government of China(2022L3009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示气候变暖对我国亚热带地区常绿阔叶天然林细根生长量和形态特征的影响, 在福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开展常绿阔叶天然林野外原位土壤增温实验, 采用内生长环法探究增温在雨季(5月)和旱季(11月)对常绿阔叶天然林吸收根(直径<1 mm)和运输根(直径1-2 mm)的生长量及形态特征的影响。结果表明: 与对照相比, 在雨季, 增温处理使得吸收根的生长量显著降低41.2%, 细根(直径0-2 mm)总生长量无显著变化, 吸收根和运输根的直径和长度均没有显著变化, 吸收根的比根长(SRL)和比根表面积(SRA)均显著降低53.2%和42.9%, 吸收根的组织密度(RTD)显著增加28.8%; 在旱季, 增温处理使得吸收根、运输根和细根总生长量均显著增加, 吸收根和运输根的长度分别显著增加38.5%和33.5%, 吸收根和运输根的直径、SRL、SRA和RTD均无显著变化。在未来气候变暖背景下, 中亚热带地区常绿阔叶天然林具有较强的适应能力。雨季, 细根表现出更高的可塑性, 主要是调整吸收根性状来降低增温对细根资源吸收和生长的影响; 旱季, 细根则采取相对保守的防御策略, 主要是增加吸收根和运输根的长度来拓展资源吸收空间。该研究为全球变暖情景下亚热带森林生态系统不同功能细根的生态适应机制及资源获取策略的研究提供了科学依据。

关键词: 土壤增温, 中亚热带, 天然林, 细根生长量, 形态特征, 功能性状

Abstract:

Aims This study aims to reveal the effects of soil warming on the fine root growth and morphological traits of subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in China.

Methods At the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, we used an in-situsoil warming experiment and cooperated with the method of in-growth core in a Castanopsis kawakamii forest to explore fine root biomass growth and morphological traits during the rainy season (May) and dry season (November). In this study, we sorted fine roots into absorption roots (diameter < 1 mm) and transport roots (diameter 1-2 mm).

Important findings Compared with the control, during the rainy season, soil warming treatment significantly reduced the biomass of absorptive roots by 41.2%, contrasting no changes of transport roots. Soil warming also did not alter the diameter and length of absorptive and transport roots, but specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) were significantly reduced by 53.2% and 42.9%, respectively, and root tissue density (RTD) was significantly increased by 28.8% in absorption roots. During the dry season, soil warming significantly increased the biomass of absorptive and transportive roots, as well as their root length (increased by 38.5% and 33.5%, respectively). However, the diameter, SRL, SRA, and RTD of absorptive and transport roots did not alter in soil warming treatment during the dry season. These results suggest that fine roots of Castanopsis kawakamii in mid-subtropical forests exhibited higher plasticity to cope with climate changes, such as adjusting absorptive root traits to alleviate the effect of soil warming on the resource absorption and growth during the rainy season, and increasing root length to expand resource absorption space during the dry season. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the ecological adaptation and resource acquisition strategies of functionally distinct fine roots in subtropical forests under global warming.

Key words: soil warming, mid-subtropical, natural forest, fine root biomass growth, morphological trait, functional trait

梁天豪, 吴帆, 黄锦学, 景陈鸿, 傅贺菁, 杨智杰, 熊德成. 增温对中亚热带格氏栲天然林细根生长量及形态特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 94-106. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0298

LIANG Tian-Hao, WU Fan, HUANG Jin-Xue, JING Chen-Hong, FU He-Jing, YANG Zhi-Jie, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of soil warming on fine root growth and morphology of Castanopsis kawakamii in mid-subtropical forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 94-106. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0298

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0298

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I1/94

图/表 11

表1 格氏栲天然林概况

Table 1 Stand characteristics of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

林分 Stand	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	植物组成 Plant composition	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)
格氏栲天然林 Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest	240	30	3 285	格氏栲、米槠、木荷、狗骨柴、百两金和毛冬青等 Castanopsis kawakamii, Castanopsis carlesii, Schima superba, Diplospora dubia, Ardisia crispa, Ilex pubescens, et al.	35.1	57.7

表2 增温对格氏栲天然林土壤基本理化性质的影响

Table 2 Effects of warming on soil physical and chemical properties in Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

处理 Treatment	pH	总碳含量 Total carbon content (g·kg^-1)	总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	矿质氮含量 Mineral nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	NH₄⁺-N含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	NO₃^--N含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)
CK	4.17 ± 0.04^a	24.55 ± 0.75^a	1.67 ± 0.06^a	8.13 ± 0.66^a	6.21 ± 0.37^a	1.92 ± 0.29^a
W	4.24 ± 0.04^a	23.23 ± 1.06^a	1.44 ± 0.08^a	5.20 ± 0.32^b	4.77 ± 0.28^b	0.43 ± 0.04^b

图1 增温对格氏栲天然林土壤温度和湿度的影响。CK, 对照; M, 月份; W, 增温。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ns, p > 0.05。

Fig. 1 Effects of warming on soil temperature and moisture of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest. CK, control treatment; M, month; W, warming treatment. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ns, p > 0.05.

表3 增温和季节对格氏栲天然林细根生长量和形态特征影响的线性混合模型分析

Table 3 Mixed linear model analysis on the effects of season and warming on the growth and morphological traits of fine roots in Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

指标 Index	细根径级 Diameter class of fine root (mm)	S		W		S × W
指标 Index	细根径级 Diameter class of fine root (mm)	F	p	F	p	F	p
生长量 Fine root growth (m²·g^-1)	0-1	76.517	0	39.665	0.003	31.196	0.001
	1-2	69.950	0	16.255	0.016	9.759	0.014
	0-2	67.941	0.001	0	0	0	0
根长 Root length (cm)	0-1	0.506	0.497	5.248	0.084	5.481	0.047
根长 Root length (cm)	1-2	21.536	0.002	0.166	0.694	29.072	0.001
直径 Diameter (mm)	0-1	8.198	0.021	3.699	0.127	0.006	0.940
直径 Diameter (mm)	1-2	3.045	0.119	0.008	0.935	0.607	0.458
比根长 Specific root length (m·g^-1)	0-1	0.204	0.664	4.612	0.064	9.264	0.016
比根长 Specific root length (m·g^-1)	1-2	2.135	0.182	1.817	0.249	0.767	0.407
比根表面积 Specific root surface area (cm²·g^-1)	0-1	2.146	0.181	5.143	0.053	12.546	0.008
比根表面积 Specific root surface area (cm²·g^-1)	1-2	0.008	0.933	3.062	0.155	0.396	0.547
根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm^-3)	0-1	3.038	0.120	2.429	0.158	5.534	0.047
根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm^-3)	1-2	3.973	0.081	5.850	0.042	0.874	0.377

表4 增温和细根径级对格氏栲天然林不同季节细根生长量和形态特征影响的线性混合模型分析

Table 4 Mixed linear model analysis on the effects of warming and diameter class on the growth and morphological traits of fine roots in Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

指标 Index	因子 Factor	雨季 Rainy season		旱季 Dry season
指标 Index	因子 Factor	F	p	F	p
细根生长量 Fine root growth (m²·g^-1)	W	0.111	0.756	37.335	0.004
	D	0.089	0.774	17.911	0.003
	W × D	1.603	0.241	15.452	0.004
根长 Root length (cm)	W	6.106	0.039	28.365	0.001
	D	38.293	0	3.088	0.117
	W × D	2.182	0.178	0.205	0.663
直径 Diameter (mm)	W	0.914	0.393	0.205	0.674
	D	33.896	0	192.733	0
	W × D	0.081	0.783	0.922	0.365
比根长 Specific root length (m·g^-1)	W	6.804	0.060	0.173	0.688
	D	67.820	0	174.479	0
	W × D	12.455	0.008	2.801	0.133
比根表面积 Specific root surface area (cm²·g^-1)	W	13.434	0.021	0.244	0.634
	D	50.758	0	62.377	0
	W × D	7.886	0.023	1.816	0.215
根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm^-3)	W	8.001	0.022	0.076	0.797
	D	8.802	0.018	1.028	0.340
	W × D	0.042	0.843	0.926	0.364

图2 增温对格氏栲天然林细根生长量的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; W, 增温。不同大写字母表示同一径级不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同径级间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effect of warming on fine root growth of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; W, warming treatment. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments of the same diameter class (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between diameter classes of the same treatment (p < 0.05).

图3 增温对格氏栲天然林细根直径的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; W, 增温。不同大写字母表示同一径级不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同径级间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effect of warming on fine root diameter of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; W, warming treatment. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments of the same diameter class (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between diameter classes of the same treatment (p < 0.05).

图4 增温对格氏栲天然林细根长度的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; W, 增温。不同大写字母表示同一径级不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同径级间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effect of warming on fine root length of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; W, warming treatment. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments of the same diameter class (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between diameter classes of the same treatment (p < 0.05).

图5 增温对格氏栲天然林细根比根长、比根表面积和组织密度的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; W, 增温。不同大写字母表示同一径级不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同径级间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effect of warming on specific root length, specific root surface area and root tissue density of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; W, warming treatment. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments of the same diameter class (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between diameter classes of the same treatment (p < 0.05).

图6 偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)分析雨季增温对细根生长和形态可能的直接和间接影响途径。实线表示显著路径, 虚线表示不显著路径。箭头所列数字为标准化路径系数。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。GOF, 拟合优度。

Fig. 6 Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis of the possible direct and indirect pathways through which rainy season warming affected fine root growth and morphology. Solid lines indicate significant path, dash lines indicate insignificant path. Numbers listed by arrows are the standardized path coefficients. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; RD, root diameter; RL, root length; RTD, root tissue density; SRA, specific root area; SRL, specific root length. GOF, goodness of fit.

图7 偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)分析旱季增温对细根生长和形态可能的直接和间接影响途径。实线表示显著路径, 虚线表示不显著路径。箭头所列数字为标准化路径系数。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。GOF, 拟合优度。

Fig. 7 Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis of the possible direct and indirect pathways through which dry season warming affected fine root growth and morphology. Solid lines indicate significant path, dash lines indicate insignificant path. Numbers listed by arrows are the standardized path coefficients. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; RD, root diameter; RL, root length; RTD, root tissue density; SRA, specific root area; SRL, specific root length. GOF, goodness of fit.

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增温对中亚热带格氏栲天然林细根生长量及形态特征的影响

Effects of soil warming on fine root growth and morphology of Castanopsis kawakamii in mid-subtropical forests

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