基于生态外貌-植物区系分类系统的中国常绿阔叶林分类修订

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0143

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 107-122.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0143

基于生态外貌-植物区系分类系统的中国常绿阔叶林分类修订

张健¹^,², 孙慕梵², 宋坤², 赖丽茗¹, 宋永昌²^,^*()

¹ 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
² 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200241

收稿日期:2025-04-16 接受日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: *宋永昌(ycsong@des.ecnu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32030068);上海市教育委员会项目(2023ZKZD36)

Revised classification of China’s evergreen broad-leaved forests based on the ecophysiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system

ZHANG Jian¹^,², SUN Mu-Fan², SONG Kun², LAI Li-Ming¹, SONG Yong-Chang²^,^*()

¹ School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
² Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2025-04-16 Accepted:2025-07-21 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-02-13
Contact: *SONG Yong-Chang (ycsong@des.ecnu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030068);Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD36)

1. 附录生态外貌-植物区系特征分类系统(EcoFloVCS)的分类单位及其分类标准.pdf(262KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“常绿阔叶林”是中国最具特色的植被类型之一, 分布范围极广, 种类组成复杂, 群落类型多样, 分类十分困难, 存在众多争议。该文采用生态外貌-植物区系分类系统(EcoFloVCS), 其高级单位分类主要依据是生态外貌, 兼及区系, 共设5级: 群系纲(Formation Class)—群系亚纲(Formation Subclass)—群系组(Formation Group)—群系(Formation)—群落门(Division); 中、低级单位分类主要依据是植物区系, 兼及生态外貌和地理分布, 共设4级: 群落纲(Community Class)—群落目(Order)—群团(Alliance)—群丛(Association)。该文以中国常绿阔叶林为对象, 在2013年常绿阔叶林分类的基础上, 参照EcoFloVCS以及《植物社会学国际命名法规》(第4版)对其分类进行了修改和增订。目前共分为3个群系、3个群落门、9个群落纲、23个群落目和58个群团, 并对各群系的地理分布、优势层的优势种、鉴别种及其以下等级的划分进行了简要介绍; 基于现有植物样方数据, 共划分69个群丛和339个群落。更多信息将通过EBLF网站(http://EBLF.info)分享, 并将对分类系统持续进行增订。

关键词: 植被分类, 群落外貌, 植物区系, 群团, 群丛, 常绿阔叶林

Abstract:

Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) is one of the most typical vegetation types in China, with wide geographical distributions, complex species composition, and diverse community types. The EBLF classification is challenging and has not reached a consistent scheme. Here the recently developed “Ecophysiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system (EcoFloVCS)” was used to the EBLF classification. The high-level units of EcoFloVCS are mainly based on ecophysiognomy, with some considerations of floristic characteristics, including five units (Formation Class, Formation Subclass, Formation Group, Formation, and Division). The middle- and low-levels are mainly based on floristic characteristics, with some considerations of ecophysiognomy and geographical distributions, including four units (Community Class, Order, Alliance and Association). Following the previous EBLF classification in 2013, we had an update and revised classification system applied to China’s EBLF using the EcoFloVCS and the 4th edition of The International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. Currently, the EBLF is classified into 3 formations, 3 divisions, 9 community classes, 23 orders, and 58 alliances. For three formations, we introduced shortly their geographic distributions, the dominant species of dominant layers, diagnostic species, and the classifications of the low-level units. Furthermore, we classified the alliances into 69 associations and 339 communities using the currently available plant vegetation data. More information have been added into the EBLF website (http://EBLF.info), and we will keep updates of the EBLF classification system through this website.

Key words: vegetation classification, community physiognomy, floristic phytogeography, alliance, association, evergreen broad-leaved forest

张健, 孙慕梵, 宋坤, 赖丽茗, 宋永昌. 基于生态外貌-植物区系分类系统的中国常绿阔叶林分类修订. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 107-122. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0143

ZHANG Jian, SUN Mu-Fan, SONG Kun, LAI Li-Ming, SONG Yong-Chang. Revised classification of China’s evergreen broad-leaved forests based on the ecophysiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 107-122. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0143

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群丛或群落编号 ID of Associations or Communities	群丛或群落中文名 Chinese name of Associations or Communities	群丛或群落拉丁名 Latin name of Associations or Communities	已知地理分布 Known locations	参考资料 Reference
A1	篌竹-豆梨/青冈群丛	Phyllostachys nidularia-Pyrus calleryana/ Quercus glauca Ass.	上海大金山 Mt. Dajinshan, Shanghai	Zhou, 1984; Yang et al, 2002
A3	水竹-檵木/苦槠群丛	Phyllostachys heteroclada-Loropetalum chinense /Castanopsis sclerophylla Ass.	安徽黄山、贵池、歙县、旌德 Mt. Huangshan, Guichi, Shexian, and Jingde in Anhui	Song (unpublished)
A8	华里白-檵木/苦槠+青冈群丛	Hicriopteris chinensis-Loropetalum chinense/ Castanopsis sclerophylla + Cyclobalanopsis glauca Ass.	安徽祁门、福建浦城 Qimen in Anhui, Pucheng in Fujian	Editor Group of Anhui’s Vegetation, 1983; Lin, 1990; Editor Group of Fujian’s Forests, 1993
C1	六月雪-小叶石楠/栓皮栎-青冈群落	Quercus glauca - Quercus variabilis-Buchozia japonica-Photinia parvifolia Comm.	江苏南京隆昌寺 Longchang Temple, Nanjing, Jiangsu	Fujiwara & Kauze (unpublished); Song (unpublished)
C2	丝穗金粟兰-冬青/豺皮樟-苦槠群落	Chloranthus fortunei-Ilex chinensis/Castanopsis sclerophylla Comm.	上海佘山 Mt. Sheshan, Shanghai	Song (unpublished)

群丛或群落编号 ID of Associations or Communities	群丛或群落中文名 Chinese name of Associations or Communities	群丛或群落拉丁名 Latin name of Associations or Communities	已知地理分布 Known locations	参考资料 Reference
A1	篌竹-豆梨/青冈群丛	Phyllostachys nidularia-Pyrus calleryana/ Quercus glauca Ass.	上海大金山 Mt. Dajinshan, Shanghai	Zhou, 1984; Yang et al, 2002
A3	水竹-檵木/苦槠群丛	Phyllostachys heteroclada-Loropetalum chinense /Castanopsis sclerophylla Ass.	安徽黄山、贵池、歙县、旌德 Mt. Huangshan, Guichi, Shexian, and Jingde in Anhui	Song (unpublished)
A8	华里白-檵木/苦槠+青冈群丛	Hicriopteris chinensis-Loropetalum chinense/ Castanopsis sclerophylla + Cyclobalanopsis glauca Ass.	安徽祁门、福建浦城 Qimen in Anhui, Pucheng in Fujian	Editor Group of Anhui’s Vegetation, 1983; Lin, 1990; Editor Group of Fujian’s Forests, 1993
C1	六月雪-小叶石楠/栓皮栎-青冈群落	Quercus glauca - Quercus variabilis-Buchozia japonica-Photinia parvifolia Comm.	江苏南京隆昌寺 Longchang Temple, Nanjing, Jiangsu	Fujiwara & Kauze (unpublished); Song (unpublished)
C2	丝穗金粟兰-冬青/豺皮樟-苦槠群落	Chloranthus fortunei-Ilex chinensis/Castanopsis sclerophylla Comm.	上海佘山 Mt. Sheshan, Shanghai	Song (unpublished)

基于生态外貌-植物区系分类系统的中国常绿阔叶林分类修订

Revised classification of China’s evergreen broad-leaved forests based on the ecophysiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system

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常绿阔叶林群系组 EBLF Fom+ation Gr+oup
I. 典型常绿阔叶林群系 Typical EBLF Formation
IA. 东亚典型常绿阔叶林群落门 East Asian typical EBLF Division = Lithocarpudo-Quercea (Cyclobalanopsiea)
IA-1. 大陆东部典型常绿阔叶林: 尖连蕊茶-青冈群落纲 Camellio cuspidatae-Quercetea (Cyclobalanopsietea) glaucae
1. 柯-青冈群落目 Lithocarpodo-Quercetalia (Cyclobalanopsietalia)
1A. 柯-青冈群落目: 东南丘陵群团组 Alliance group of Southeastern Hills
1) 苦槠-柯-青冈群团 Castanopsis sclerophylla-Lithocarpus glaber-Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) glauca All.
2) 赤皮青冈-小叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) gilva-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) myrsinaefolia All.
3) 云山青冈-细叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) sessilifolia-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) ciliaris All.
4) 褐叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) stewardiana All.
5) 曼青冈-多脉青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) oxyodon-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) multinervis All.
1B. 柯-青冈群落目: 南岭和秦巴山地群团组 Alliance group of Nanling & Qinba Mountains
6) 巴东栎-包果柯群团 Quercus engleriana-Lithocarpus cleistocarpus All.
7) 四照花-柯群团 Cornus spp.-Lithocarpus spp. All.
2. 木荷-锥群落目 Schimo-Castanopsietalia
2A. 木荷-锥群落目: 东南丘陵山地群团组 Alliance group of Southeastern Hills and Mountains
8) 木荷-甜槠群团 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.
8a) 木荷-甜槠群团: 江南丘陵群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Jiangnan Hills
8b) 木荷-甜槠群团: 闽粤山地群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Min-Yue Mountains
8c) 木荷-甜槠群团: 黔桂山地群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Qian-Gui Mountains
9) 银木荷-甜槠群团 Schima argentea-Castanopsis eyrei All.
10) 甜槠-细柄蕈树群团 Castanopsis eyrei-Liquidambar (Altingia) gracilipes All.
11) 米槠-栲群团 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.
11a) 米槠-栲群团: 江南丘陵群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Jiangnan Hills
11b) 米槠-栲群团: 南岭山地群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Nanling Mountains
11c) 米槠-栲群团: 黔桂山地群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Qian-Gui Mountains
12) 钩锥群团 Castanopsis tibetana All.
13) 毛锥-鹿角锥-罗浮锥群团 Castanopsis fordii-C. lamontii-C. fabri All.
2B. 木荷-锥群落目: 四川盆地群团组 Alliance Group of Sichuan Basin
14) 四川大头茶-栲-湖北锥群团 Polyspora speciosa-Castanopsis fargesii-Castanopsis hupehensis All.
15) 中华木荷-钝齿木荷-扁刺锥群团 Schima sinensis-S. crenata-Castanopsis platycantha All.
3. 樟-润楠群落目 Cinnamomo-Machiletalia
3A. 樟-润楠群落目: 东南丘陵群团组 Alliance Group of Southeastern Hills and Mountains
16) 天竺桂-红楠群团 Cinnamomum japonicum-Machilus thunbergii All.
17) 紫楠-薄叶润楠群团 Phoebe sheareri-Machilus leptophylla All.
18) 闽楠-刨花润楠群团 Phoebe bournei-Machilus pauhoi All.
19) 深山含笑群团 Michelia maudiae All.
3B. 樟-润楠群落目: 四川盆地群团组 Alliance Group of Sichuan Basin
20) 利川润楠-宜昌润楠-竹叶润楠群团 Machilus lichuanensis-M. ichangensis-Phoebe fabrei All.
21) 细叶楠-楠木群团 Phoebe hui-P. zhennan All.
22) 山润楠-油樟-银叶桂群团 Machilus montana-Cinnamomum longipaniculatum-C. mairei All.

常绿阔叶林群系组 EBLF Fom+ation Gr+oup
I. 典型常绿阔叶林群系 Typical EBLF Formation
IA. 东亚典型常绿阔叶林群落门 East Asian typical EBLF Division = Lithocarpudo-Quercea (Cyclobalanopsiea)
IA-1. 大陆东部典型常绿阔叶林: 尖连蕊茶-青冈群落纲 Camellio cuspidatae-Quercetea (Cyclobalanopsietea) glaucae
1. 柯-青冈群落目 Lithocarpodo-Quercetalia (Cyclobalanopsietalia)
1A. 柯-青冈群落目: 东南丘陵群团组 Alliance group of Southeastern Hills
1) 苦槠-柯-青冈群团 Castanopsis sclerophylla-Lithocarpus glaber-Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) glauca All.
2) 赤皮青冈-小叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) gilva-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) myrsinaefolia All.
3) 云山青冈-细叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) sessilifolia-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) ciliaris All.
4) 褐叶青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) stewardiana All.
5) 曼青冈-多脉青冈群团 Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) oxyodon-Q. (Cyclobalanopsis) multinervis All.
1B. 柯-青冈群落目: 南岭和秦巴山地群团组 Alliance group of Nanling & Qinba Mountains
6) 巴东栎-包果柯群团 Quercus engleriana-Lithocarpus cleistocarpus All.
7) 四照花-柯群团 Cornus spp.-Lithocarpus spp. All.
2. 木荷-锥群落目 Schimo-Castanopsietalia
2A. 木荷-锥群落目: 东南丘陵山地群团组 Alliance group of Southeastern Hills and Mountains
8) 木荷-甜槠群团 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.
8a) 木荷-甜槠群团: 江南丘陵群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Jiangnan Hills
8b) 木荷-甜槠群团: 闽粤山地群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Min-Yue Mountains
8c) 木荷-甜槠群团: 黔桂山地群丛组 Schima superba-Castanopsis eyrei All.: Association Group of Qian-Gui Mountains
9) 银木荷-甜槠群团 Schima argentea-Castanopsis eyrei All.
10) 甜槠-细柄蕈树群团 Castanopsis eyrei-Liquidambar (Altingia) gracilipes All.
11) 米槠-栲群团 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.
11a) 米槠-栲群团: 江南丘陵群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Jiangnan Hills
11b) 米槠-栲群团: 南岭山地群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Nanling Mountains
11c) 米槠-栲群团: 黔桂山地群丛组 Castanopsis carlesii-C. fargesii All.: Association Group of Qian-Gui Mountains
12) 钩锥群团 Castanopsis tibetana All.
13) 毛锥-鹿角锥-罗浮锥群团 Castanopsis fordii-C. lamontii-C. fabri All.
2B. 木荷-锥群落目: 四川盆地群团组 Alliance Group of Sichuan Basin
14) 四川大头茶-栲-湖北锥群团 Polyspora speciosa-Castanopsis fargesii-Castanopsis hupehensis All.
15) 中华木荷-钝齿木荷-扁刺锥群团 Schima sinensis-S. crenata-Castanopsis platycantha All.
3. 樟-润楠群落目 Cinnamomo-Machiletalia
3A. 樟-润楠群落目: 东南丘陵群团组 Alliance Group of Southeastern Hills and Mountains
16) 天竺桂-红楠群团 Cinnamomum japonicum-Machilus thunbergii All.
17) 紫楠-薄叶润楠群团 Phoebe sheareri-Machilus leptophylla All.
18) 闽楠-刨花润楠群团 Phoebe bournei-Machilus pauhoi All.
19) 深山含笑群团 Michelia maudiae All.
3B. 樟-润楠群落目: 四川盆地群团组 Alliance Group of Sichuan Basin
20) 利川润楠-宜昌润楠-竹叶润楠群团 Machilus lichuanensis-M. ichangensis-Phoebe fabrei All.
21) 细叶楠-楠木群团 Phoebe hui-P. zhennan All.
22) 山润楠-油樟-银叶桂群团 Machilus montana-Cinnamomum longipaniculatum-C. mairei All.